CN106431442A - 一种耐高温陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高温陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106431442A
CN106431442A CN201610915025.3A CN201610915025A CN106431442A CN 106431442 A CN106431442 A CN 106431442A CN 201610915025 A CN201610915025 A CN 201610915025A CN 106431442 A CN106431442 A CN 106431442A
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王乐
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Zhengzhou Lifuai Biology Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐高温陶瓷及其制备方法，包括以下重量份数的组分组成：锆英石20‑25份、二硼化锆18‑20份、沥青15‑20份、焦宝石12‑15份、紫砂泥10‑15份、氧化铝10‑15份、水玻璃5‑10份、氧化铈2‑5份、纳米级氧化钼2‑5份、石墨烯2‑5份，去离子水适量。该耐高温陶瓷及其制备方法设计合理，采用先粉碎原料再球磨获得超细粉的工艺，保证了粉体的尺寸；加入沥青和纳米级氧化钼可以大大提高耐热温度，使得耐热温度超过4000℃；而具有高温耐热时间长，抗弯强度好的优点，大大增加了陶瓷的品质；而且制备工艺简单，降低了生产成本，能够满足使用需要，经济效益好。

Description

一种耐高温陶瓷及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种陶瓷材料，具体是一种耐高温陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷按用途可以分为日用陶瓷、艺术陶瓷、工业陶瓷等。其中，工业陶瓷又分为建筑卫生陶瓷、化工陶瓷、电瓷、特种陶瓷等。特种陶瓷制品主要用于各种现代工业和尖端科学技术，例如航天航空、核工业、新能源、国防军工等领域，而且在各领域都急需大量的新材料，特种陶瓷由于具有优良的耐热性能，介电性能，耐磨性能，隔热性能，压电性能，透光性能受到各国的广泛重视。特种陶瓷材料有高铝氧质瓷、镁石质瓷、钛镁石质瓷、锆英石质瓷、锂质瓷、以及磁性瓷、金属陶瓷等多种类型。但是现有的特种陶瓷的耐热温度较低，生产工艺较复杂，增加了生产成本；而且产品的强度较低，不能满足使用要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐高温陶瓷及其制备方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种耐高温陶瓷，包括以下重量份数的组分组成：锆英石20-25份、二硼化锆18-20份、沥青15-20份、焦宝石12-15份、紫砂泥10-15份、氧化铝10-15份、水玻璃5-10份、氧化铈2-5份、纳米级氧化钼2-5份、石墨烯2-5份，去离子水适量。
作为本发明进一步的方案：包括以下重量份数的组分组成：锆英石22份、二硼化锆19份、沥青17份、焦宝石13份、紫砂泥12份、氧化铝12份、水玻璃7份、氧化铈3份、纳米级氧化钼4份、石墨烯5份，去离子水适量。
一种耐高温陶瓷的制备方法，具体步骤为：（1）将锆英石、焦宝石、氧化铝放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀0.5-1h，烧蚀温度550-600℃；（2）将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过70-80目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入石墨烯，1500-2000rpm高速球磨0.5-1h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅰ；（3）将二硼化锆、紫砂泥、水玻璃和氧化铈放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀1.2-1.5h，烧蚀温度450-500℃；（4）将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过80-90目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入沥青，1500-2000rpm高速球磨0.5-1h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅱ；（5）将颗粒物Ⅰ和颗粒物Ⅱ放入球磨机中，加入纳米级氧化钼，6000-6500rpm高速球磨10-20min，得复合超细粉；（6）采用喷雾法向复合超细粉中加入适量去离子水，搅拌10-15min；（7）将上步所得物采用干压工艺进行胚体成型，压力为320-350MPa；（8）将上步所得物在常压高温1500-1800℃预烧3-4h，然后在2300-2500℃下烧结7.5-8.5h，即得成品。
作为本发明再进一步的方案：所述步骤（1）将锆英石、焦宝石、氧化铝放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀0.6h，烧蚀温度580℃。
作为本发明再进一步的方案：所述步骤（2）将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过80目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入石墨烯，1600rpm高速球磨0.8h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅰ。
作为本发明再进一步的方案：所述步骤（3）将二硼化锆、紫砂泥、水玻璃和氧化铈放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀1.3h，烧蚀温度480℃。
作为本发明再进一步的方案：所述步骤（4）将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过85目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入沥青，1700rpm高速球磨0.7h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅱ。
作为本发明再进一步的方案：所述步骤（8）将上步所得物在常压高温1600℃预烧3.5h，然后在2400℃下烧结8h，即得成品。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
该耐高温陶瓷及其制备方法设计合理，采用先粉碎原料再球磨获得超细粉的工艺，保证了粉体的尺寸；加入沥青和纳米级氧化钼可以大大提高耐热温度，使得耐热温度超过4000℃；而具有高温耐热时间长，抗弯强度好的优点，大大增加了陶瓷的品质；而且制备工艺简单，降低了生产成本，能够满足使用需要，经济效益好。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
称取锆英石20份、二硼化锆18份、沥青15份、焦宝石12份、紫砂泥10份、氧化铝10份、水玻璃5份、氧化铈2份、纳米级氧化钼2份、石墨烯2份，去离子水适量，备用；将锆英石、焦宝石、氧化铝放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀0.5h，烧蚀温度550℃；将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过70目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入石墨烯，1500rpm高速球磨0.5h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅰ；将二硼化锆、紫砂泥、水玻璃和氧化铈放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀1.2h，烧蚀温度450℃；将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过80目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入沥青，1500rpm高速球磨0.5h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅱ；将颗粒物Ⅰ和颗粒物Ⅱ放入球磨机中，加入纳米级氧化钼，6000rpm高速球磨10min，得复合超细粉；采用喷雾法向复合超细粉中加入适量去离子水，搅拌10min；将上步所得物采用干压工艺进行胚体成型，压力为320MPa；将上步所得物在常压高温1500℃预烧3h，然后在2300℃下烧结7.5h，即得成品。
实施例2
称取锆英石25份、二硼化锆20份、沥青20份、焦宝石15份、紫砂泥15份、氧化铝15份、水玻璃10份、氧化铈5份、纳米级氧化钼5份、石墨烯5份，去离子水适量，备用；将锆英石、焦宝石、氧化铝放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀1h，烧蚀温度600℃；将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过80目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入石墨烯，2000rpm高速球磨1h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅰ；将二硼化锆、紫砂泥、水玻璃和氧化铈放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀1.5h，烧蚀温度500℃；将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过90目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入沥青，2000rpm高速球磨1h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅱ；将颗粒物Ⅰ和颗粒物Ⅱ放入球磨机中，加入纳米级氧化钼，6500rpm高速球磨20min，得复合超细粉；采用喷雾法向复合超细粉中加入适量去离子水，搅拌15min；将上步所得物采用干压工艺进行胚体成型，压力为350MPa；将上步所得物在常压高温1800℃预烧4h，然后在2500℃下烧结8.5h，即得成品。
实施例3
称取锆英石22份、二硼化锆19份、沥青17份、焦宝石13份、紫砂泥12份、氧化铝12份、水玻璃7份、氧化铈3份、纳米级氧化钼4份、石墨烯5份，去离子水适量，备用；将锆英石、焦宝石、氧化铝放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀0.6h，烧蚀温度580℃；将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过80目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入石墨烯，1600rpm高速球磨0.8h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅰ；将二硼化锆、紫砂泥、水玻璃和氧化铈放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀1.3h，烧蚀温度480℃；将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过85目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入沥青，1700rpm高速球磨0.7h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅱ；将颗粒物Ⅰ和颗粒物Ⅱ放入球磨机中，加入纳米级氧化钼，6300rpm高速球磨15min，得复合超细粉；采用喷雾法向复合超细粉中加入适量去离子水，搅拌13min；将上步所得物采用干压工艺进行胚体成型，压力为340MPa；将上步所得物在常压高温1600℃预烧3.5h，然后在2400℃下烧结8h，即得成品。
对比例1
称取锆英石22份、二硼化锆19份、焦宝石13份、紫砂泥12份、氧化铝12份、水玻璃7份、氧化铈3份、石墨烯5份，去离子水适量，备用；将锆英石、焦宝石、氧化铝放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀0.6h，烧蚀温度580℃；将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过80目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入石墨烯，1600rpm高速球磨0.8h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅰ；将二硼化锆、紫砂泥、水玻璃和氧化铈放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀1.3h，烧蚀温度480℃；将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过85目筛，然后放入球磨机中，在1700rpm高速球磨0.7h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅱ；将颗粒物Ⅰ和颗粒物Ⅱ放入球磨机中，在6300rpm高速球磨15min，得复合超细粉；采用喷雾法向复合超细粉中加入适量去离子水，搅拌13min；将上步所得物采用干压工艺进行胚体成型，压力为340MPa；将上步所得物在常压高温1600℃预烧3.5h，然后在2400℃下烧结8h，即得成品。
对比例2
称取锆英石22份、二硼化锆19份、焦宝石13份、紫砂泥12份、氧化铝12份、水玻璃7份、氧化铈3份、纳米级氧化钼4份、石墨烯5份，去离子水适量，备用；将锆英石、焦宝石、氧化铝放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀0.6h，烧蚀温度580℃；将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过80目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入石墨烯，1600rpm高速球磨0.8h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅰ；将二硼化锆、紫砂泥、水玻璃和氧化铈放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀1.3h，烧蚀温度480℃；将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过85目筛，然后放入球磨机中，在1700rpm高速球磨0.7h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅱ；将颗粒物Ⅰ和颗粒物Ⅱ放入球磨机中，加入纳米级氧化钼，6300rpm高速球磨15min，得复合超细粉；采用喷雾法向复合超细粉中加入适量去离子水，搅拌13min；将上步所得物采用干压工艺进行胚体成型，压力为340MPa；将上步所得物在常压高温1600℃预烧3.5h，然后在2400℃下烧结8h，即得成品。
对比例3
称取锆英石22份、二硼化锆19份、沥青17份、焦宝石13份、紫砂泥12份、氧化铝12份、水玻璃7份、氧化铈3份、石墨烯5份，去离子水适量，备用；将锆英石、焦宝石、氧化铝放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀0.6h，烧蚀温度580℃；将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过80目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入石墨烯，1600rpm高速球磨0.8h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅰ；将二硼化锆、紫砂泥、水玻璃和氧化铈放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀1.3h，烧蚀温度480℃；将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过85目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入沥青，1700rpm高速球磨0.7h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅱ；将颗粒物Ⅰ和颗粒物Ⅱ放入球磨机中，在6300rpm高速球磨15min，得复合超细粉；采用喷雾法向复合超细粉中加入适量去离子水，搅拌13min；将上步所得物采用干压工艺进行胚体成型，压力为340MPa；将上步所得物在常压高温1600℃预烧3.5h，然后在2400℃下烧结8h，即得成品。
对实施例1-3和对比例1-3进行性能测试，性能测试结果如下表：
项目 高温耐热温度/℃ 高温耐热时间/h 抗弯强度/MPa 韧性评价/KIC
实施例1 3870 798 603 6
实施例2 3950 795 631 6
实施例3 4059 800 656 6
对比例1 1983 77 201 2
对比例2 2049 108 256 3
对比例3 2015 121 239 3
该耐高温陶瓷及其制备方法设计合理，采用先粉碎原料再球磨获得超细粉的工艺，保证了粉体的尺寸；加入沥青和纳米级氧化钼可以大大提高耐热温度，使得耐热温度超过4000℃；而具有高温耐热时间长，抗弯强度好的优点，大大增加了陶瓷的品质；而且制备工艺简单，降低了生产成本，能够满足使用需要，经济效益好。
上面对本专利的较佳实施方式作了详细说明，但是本专利并不限于上述实施方式，在本领域的普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本专利宗旨的前提下做出各种变化。

Claims (8)

1.一种耐高温陶瓷，其特征在于，包括以下重量份数的组分组成：锆英石20-25份、二硼化锆18-20份、沥青15-20份、焦宝石12-15份、紫砂泥10-15份、氧化铝10-15份、水玻璃5-10份、氧化铈2-5份、纳米级氧化钼2-5份、石墨烯2-5份，去离子水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温陶瓷，其特征在于，包括以下重量份数的组分组成：锆英石22份、二硼化锆19份、沥青17份、焦宝石13份、紫砂泥12份、氧化铝12份、水玻璃7份、氧化铈3份、纳米级氧化钼4份、石墨烯5份，去离子水适量。
3.一种如权利要求1-2任一所述的耐高温陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤为：（1）将锆英石、焦宝石、氧化铝放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀0.5-1h，烧蚀温度550-600℃；（2）将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过70-80目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入石墨烯，1500-2000rpm高速球磨0.5-1h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅰ；（3）将二硼化锆、紫砂泥、水玻璃和氧化铈放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀1.2-1.5h，烧蚀温度450-500℃；（4）将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过80-90目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入沥青，1500-2000rpm高速球磨0.5-1h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅱ；（5）将颗粒物Ⅰ和颗粒物Ⅱ放入球磨机中，加入纳米级氧化钼，6000-6500rpm高速球磨10-20min，得复合超细粉；（6）采用喷雾法向复合超细粉中加入适量去离子水，搅拌10-15min；（7）将上步所得物采用干压工艺进行胚体成型，压力为320-350MPa；（8）将上步所得物在常压高温1500-1800℃预烧3-4h，然后在2300-2500℃下烧结7.5-8.5h，即得成品。
4.一种如权利要求3所述的耐高温陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）将锆英石、焦宝石、氧化铝放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀0.6h，烧蚀温度580℃。
5.一种如权利要求3所述的耐高温陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过80目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入石墨烯，1600rpm高速球磨0.8h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅰ。
6.一种如权利要求3所述的耐高温陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（3）将二硼化锆、紫砂泥、水玻璃和氧化铈放入煅烧炉中，烧蚀1.3h，烧蚀温度480℃。
7.一种如权利要求3所述的耐高温陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（4）将上步所得物放入粉碎机内进行粉碎，过85目筛，然后放入球磨机中，加入沥青，1700rpm高速球磨0.7h，烘干，粉碎，得颗粒物Ⅱ。
8.一种如权利要求3所述的耐高温陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（8）将上步所得物在常压高温1600℃预烧3.5h，然后在2400℃下烧结8h，即得成品。
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