CN1064303C - 用于挤压塑料条或管件的挤压机的管状校准装置 - Google Patents

用于挤压塑料条或管件的挤压机的管状校准装置 Download PDF

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CN1064303C
CN1064303C CN96193939A CN96193939A CN1064303C CN 1064303 C CN1064303 C CN 1064303C CN 96193939 A CN96193939 A CN 96193939A CN 96193939 A CN96193939 A CN 96193939A CN 1064303 C CN1064303 C CN 1064303C
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孔德·克里斯蒂安·佩德森
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/907—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article using adjustable calibrators, e.g. the dimensions of the calibrator being changeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/901—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies
    • B29C48/902—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies internally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/901—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies
    • B29C48/903—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies externally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9115—Cooling of hollow articles
    • B29C48/912—Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films
    • B29C48/913—Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films externally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9135—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
    • B29C48/914—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means cooling drums

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

为校准和稳定挤压机排出的产品，大家知道可用管状校准装置校准产品直径及冷却产品使其最初得到稳定，因而校准管应具有显著长度。对于目前的精确校准来说，最好校准直径变化较小，但问题是需要更换校准管。本发明提供一种直径可调的校准管，它是由若干并置的开口环(16)构成的，其缝隙(18)无序地分布，在轴向上看去管是完全没有中断的。环(16)借助轴向延伸的楔形夹紧杆(24，26)以受控方式集体地径向受压，使管(14)的直径在整体上得到均匀的调节。

Description

用于挤压塑料条或管件的挤压机的管状校准装置
本发明涉及一种管状校准装置，其用于校准塑料条状挤压件或管的外径或内径。
在挤压制造塑料管时一般是将热的塑料挤过挤压机的喷嘴，喷嘴的直径稍大于所需要的管径，挤压发生于校准管装置，在该装置的入口处，塑料管被压缩至该装置的直径，该直径完全或几乎相应于所需要的管径。金属校准管由冷水冷却，因而在其贯流期间塑料充分固化，以便稳定下时带有离开装置时相应的管径。其后，使管通过一个冷却区，冷却区的长度一般大于校准管的长度，因而在冷却区的出口，管充分稳定下来，从而与一拉出工位配合工作，将管从校准管中的初始成形拉出。其后，可以使管进而被盘绕起来或被切成需要的长度。
通常，生产公差应该相当小，以便满足一定的最小要求，以及实现该要求而不使塑料过量。
实际上，由于若干原因，在工艺条件上可能出现种种变化，为了使所生产的管最佳化，可能需要使用稍许变化的校准直径。在这种情形中，必须停止工艺过程，用直径偏差仅为一个或半个毫米的另一校准管更换校准管。
因此，上述变化就意味着生产的停顿并往往会报废好多米所生产的管子，因而如果能够使用直径可调的校准管，使得在生产过程中可以随时进行所需要的调节，那将是十分理想的。
使用窄校准环时以前考虑的问题，参阅GB-1，349，436，其中，可以使用一种开口环，该开口环带有显著螺旋形的缝隙，因而不管或多或少挤压环而使斜缝隙向着闭合发展的情况下在贯流的方向看去时，环都将是一个不断开的环形。另外，从US-A-4，578，025可知一种结构，该结构包括在漏斗形件外端部设置的一排相隔较开校准环，它们可以受到控制，从而发生或大或小的显著膨胀或收缩。
但是，当处于校准装置是传递热／冷的普通管，因而最好具有其直径几倍的长度的条件下，上述的技术方案就不适用了。这一点已经被实践所证实，在这种情况下必须进行上述会引起问题的校准管的整体更换。
采用本发明已经可以实现一种直径可调的校准管，即，这种校准管是由一排紧密并置的开口环件构成的，这些开口环件的缝隙在周向上基本相互交错开来，因而在贯流的方向看去，校准管呈现完全封闭的管状；沿着该管延伸设有轴向构件，轴向构件可受到控制，以便对所有环件实施集体的径向影响，从而改变其工作直径。当环件的缝隙只是在周向上相互偏置时，并不要求单个环件的缝隙是斜的，没有对付整个封闭的环件的总体弹性的问题。
因此，按照本发明的校准管作为一个组件可以在一个显著的长度上延伸，与挤压管校准冷却式接合，而且在一定限度内能够以简单、迅速的方式调节直径。
上述用于影响所有环的轴向构件，为了实现校准管的良好稳定性，可以制成楔形夹紧杆组，其中一夹紧杆以直的不间断的边缘接合环件，而另一夹紧杆可以相应地用其相反的迦缘接合支承结构，例如多个外部刚性环形件；当两杆之间分隔面成形为一排锯齿形时，两杆件之间相对的纵向位移将引起一对杆的总厚度的增加或减少，这种方式本身是公知的，沿着杆的长度的相对的外侧之间可传递大的压力。由于沿校准杆圆周适当间隔开来设置上述的杆件组，因而可以实现环的变形，同时保持环的圆形。所有这些可位移的杆件能够以简单的方式操纵，成组地轴向接合一环形轨道，该环形轨道与刚性框架结构的一圆筒形构件螺纹接合。
在上文中，主要讲到的是用于挤制管外径的校准装置，但是，本发明的原理完全可以适用于管状校准芯，其用于校准内径。
下面对照附图详述本发明：
图1是按照本发明的用于挤压塑料管外部校准的校准装置的立体图；
图2是上述装置的纵剖图。
图1所示的校准装置具有一个外部刚性框架，它包括一最前部的环形凸缘2和一个最后部的环形凸缘4，以及位于两者之间在圆周上安装的撑螺栓6，在其上固定多块环板8，这些环板借助中间套筒轴向间隔开来，前部环形凸缘2具有内螺纹，以便啮合衬套10，该衬套外部设有凹口12，其用于装卸带螺纹的衬套。
作为一个主要零件，校准装置包括一个管状内芯14，它由多个并置的环16构成，每个环由耐热的弹性材料如黄铜或青铜制成，并且每个环制有一个缝隙18，使每个环可被压成一个小于其自然直径的直径。
整个管状内芯14借助多个杆件20固定在位，杆件20支承在环板8的径向槽22中。每个杆件由一内杆24和一外杆26构成，内杆沿一直内缘均匀地抵靠所有环16的外侧，外杆的直外缘则抵靠环板8的径向槽22的外底部。内、外杆24和26在其相互面对的侧面或边缘设有互补的稍长的齿28，从而通过杆的相互轴向位移可以改变两杆的径向尺寸。
图2更详细地表示，芯管外端轴向抵靠后部凸缘4的内环形区域30而固定，其前端则在内杆24的向内伸的端部32之后固定，内杆本身在其两相反端借助固定环35轴向固定在后部凸缘4上，固定环35固定于上述凸缘具有一个内伸的接合凸缘部分36。
外杆26在其前端可轴向位移地布置，例如由一个简单的凸缘和凹口连接装置34与上述螺纹衬套10相连接。
在此基础上可以理解，转动衬套10可引起所有外杆26的纵向位移，从而使其齿28在内杆24的相应齿上内、外滑动，这就将环16挤成一个较小或较大的直径。由于杆件20沿管状内芯14均匀分布地安装，因而管状内芯14仍将以定心的方式固定。
如图1和2所示，管状内芯14的单个的环16安装后它们的缝隙18一般在圆周方向上是交错开来的。因而管状内芯将保持完全封闭的流通芯的特性，其直径可以按照需要在一定的自然范围内以无级的方式调节。
如图1特别是如图2所示，环16设有周缘凹部38，它以一种本身为公知的方式使挤压管和所施加的冷却水之间能够直接接触。

Claims (5)

1．一种管状校准装置，其用于校准挤压塑料条状物或管的外径或内径，其特征在于：校准管是由一排紧密并置的开口环件构成的，从其轴向看去，开口环的缝隙的位置基本在周向上是交错开来的，校准管呈封闭的管状；可控制的调节装置沿着管延伸地布置，用于集体地影响所有环件，以便调节这些环件的工作直径，从而调节整个管的工作直径。
2．根据权利要求1所述的校准装置，其特征在于：所述可控制的调节装置是楔形夹紧杆系统，其包括一对设置在一起的杆件，每个具有相互面对的斜齿，其用于通过杆件的相互纵向位移改变杆系统的总厚度，这些杆系统在有关的承载结构上安装在由环件构成的管的有关母线区域和固定的支承装置之间，所述支承装置在径向上与所述母线区域间隔开来。
3．根据权利要求2所述的校准装置，其特征在于：第一组所述夹紧杆在一端轴向固定于所述承载结构，而另一组夹紧杆则轴向固定于一个固定件，该固定件与所述固定结构螺纹连接。
4．根据权利要求2所述的校准装置，其特征在于：所述夹紧杆穿过多个刚性导板上的径向凹口，所述导板沿与固定结构刚性连接的管状内芯相互间隔开来安装。
5．根据权利要求4所述的校准装置，其特征在于：所述导板固定于撑螺栓，所述撑螺栓在装置的两相反端的刚性端部凸缘之间延伸。
CN96193939A 1995-05-17 1996-05-17 用于挤压塑料条或管件的挤压机的管状校准装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1064303C (zh)

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GR3036700T3 (en) 2001-12-31
KR100431365B1 (ko) 2005-08-05
ES2159027T3 (es) 2001-09-16
KR19990014820A (ko) 1999-02-25
DE69613575T2 (de) 2002-04-25
EP0825920A1 (en) 1998-03-04
DE69613575D1 (de) 2001-08-02
HK1016926A1 (en) 1999-11-12
AU696036B2 (en) 1998-08-27
PT825920E (pt) 2001-11-30
WO1996036475A1 (en) 1996-11-21
PL323349A1 (en) 1998-03-30
JP3828152B2 (ja) 2006-10-04
NO975249L (no) 1997-11-14
CN1184445A (zh) 1998-06-10
EP0825920B1 (en) 2001-06-27
JPH11505186A (ja) 1999-05-18
NO975249D0 (no) 1997-11-14
PL180288B1 (pl) 2001-01-31
US5891481A (en) 1999-04-06
AU5685596A (en) 1996-11-29
ATE202512T1 (de) 2001-07-15

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