CN106426604A - 一种大比例玻纤聚氨酯强制混合装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及应用于生产超强聚氨酯材料的一种大比例玻纤聚氨酯强制混合装置,包括电机(1)、传动装置(2)、圆筒状混合室(3),搅拌器(4),圆筒状混合室的上部设有聚氨酯混合料注入口(5)和玻纤注入口(6),下端有出料口(7),其特征在于:所述搅拌器为圆柱形柱面上的三头螺旋线上均匀分布有镂空齿片(8),其螺旋线的螺旋角α是25°至35°之间,最好是27°,在一个导程L上均匀设置有六片镂空齿片,其齿面(10)与圆柱形轴线的夹角β在25°至40°之间,最好采用29°,镂空齿片端侧沿线(11)与圆柱母线正投影夹角γ取15°至25°之间,最好采用17°,位于镂空齿片(8)的圆柱形柱面上方设有旋向与螺旋线旋向相同的叶片状推料浆(9)。
Description
技术领域:本发明涉及生产超强聚氨酯材料的一种大比例玻纤聚氨酯强制混合装置。
背景技术:随着人们对聚氨酯成型技术的掌握和在控制其反应性以延长其适用期方面的进步,聚氨酯已进入长期由不饱和聚酯和乙烯基酯树脂主宰的复合材料领域。玻纤增强聚氨酯复合材料优异的韧性有利于后道加工如钻孔、机械加工和装配等作业。与传统热固性复合材料相比,玻纤增强聚氨酯复合材料经加工和冲切的边缘显现极少甚至没有微裂纹。目前常规玻纤增强聚氨酯材料已经应用在车身底板、行李仓底板、防护罩、型材、大窗框等。随着人们对玻纤增强聚氨酯的深入研究,发现复合材料的性能随着玻纤比例的增加其韧性、冲击强度、拉伸强度和剪切强度均呈级数倍增加,这给人们对其应用前景带来无限的想象空间。但是,快速反应的聚氨酯混合料与大比例玻纤均匀快速连续混合问题是阻碍生产大比例玻纤增强聚氨酯复合材料产业化生产的难题,比如目前超过40%玻纤比例的增强聚氨酯复合材料生产重型坦克仓贮底板的生产还停留在人工混合方式,并且是在调整聚氨酯化学配方,减缓反应速度、延长反应时间的状态下完成的,生产效率太低。目前规模化生产的玻纤增强聚氨酯复合材料的玻纤比例通常低于15%,一般是将玻纤通过输送装置13先与聚氨酯多元醇组分在料罐14中混合好再通过计量泵15注入浇注头混合装置16与泵入的另一组分料罐17中的异氰酸酯混合后注入模腔生产,见图1,当玻纤比例超过15%时,与聚氨酯多元醇组分混合的原料基本失去了流动性,计量泵无法计量输送,因此超过15%玻纤基本不能采用此方法生产。德国的拜耳材料科学公司先后研发了几种喷射成型法。Baypreg法:这是一种夹芯板制造工艺。把纸蜂窝等芯材埋在两层玻纤毡之间,用双组分聚氨酯喷射浸渍,然后在闭合模具中压塑并加热固化。Multitec法:这是更新的敞模喷射技术。经短切的玻璃纤维和快速固化的聚氨酯混合料在室温下被喷射入模,并可在敞模中固化。以上两种方法也仅适用于40%以下的玻纤比例增强材料。
发明内容:本发明的目的是解决现有技术无法完成的40%以上大比例玻纤聚氨酯混合问题,提供一种结构简单,能快速、方便、连续混合的一种大比例玻纤聚氨酯强制混合装置,适应超强玻纤增强聚氨酯复合材料产业化生产的需要。
本发明是采用电机1、传动装置2、圆筒状混合室3,搅拌器4,圆筒状混合室的上部设有聚氨酯混合料注入口5和玻纤注入口6,下端有出料口7,电机经传动装置带动搅拌器旋转,圆筒状混合室外壁留有使搅拌器自由转动间隙H包容搅拌器,其特征在于:所述搅拌器为圆柱形柱面上多头螺旋线上均匀分布有片状镂空齿片8,有点类似于齿轮加工的螺旋滚刀,但滚刀齿形截面是梯形,而本齿截面是长条形,镂空齿片8的作用有三个,一不会向螺杆一样将原料在没有充分混合的情况下直接推出,增加原料在混合腔的停留时间;二增加搅拌器与原料接触面积使高速旋转的搅拌器有更多的机会击打混合原料;三是增加混合腔的空间,可以提高单位时间的混合量;位于镂空齿片8的圆柱形柱面上方设有旋向与螺旋线旋向相同的叶片状推料浆9,相当于一个轴流风机将混合聚氨酯原料和玻璃纤维原料吸入混合室。试验搅拌器是在圆柱形柱面上的三头螺旋线上均匀分布有片状镂空齿片8,且在一个导程L上均匀设置有六片镂空齿片。螺旋线的螺旋角α在25°至35°之间,最好是27°。镂空齿片的齿面10与圆柱母线的夹角β在25°至40°之间,实验采用29°,镂空齿片端侧沿线11与圆柱母线正投影夹角γ取15°至25°之间,实验值是17°,该处设计是一为了减少搅拌阻力,别外形成一分力将原料向下出料口送,与螺旋线上的镂空齿片和推料浆同时作用,方便连续生产。
附图说明:
附图1为现有玻纤增强聚氨酯生产工艺示意图;
附图2为本发明实施例结构示意图;
附图3为本发明实施例中搅拌器结构示意图;
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明,并给出实施例。
本发明的一种大比例玻纤聚氨酯强制混合装置实施例如图2、图3所示,本装置由电机1、传动装置2、圆筒状混合室3,搅拌器4组成,圆筒状混合室的上部设有聚氨酯混合料注入口5和玻纤注入口6,下端有出料口7,电机经传动装置带动搅拌器旋转,圆筒状混合室外壁留有使搅拌器自由转动间隙H包容搅拌器,所述搅拌器为圆柱形柱面上三头螺旋线上均匀分布有片状镂空齿片8,位于镂空齿片8的圆柱形柱面上方设有旋向与螺旋线旋向相同的叶片状推料浆9,相当于一个轴流风机将混合聚氨酯原料和玻璃纤维原料吸入混合室。在一个螺旋线导程L内均匀设置有六片镂空齿片。螺旋线的螺旋角α是27°,镂空齿片的齿面10与圆柱母线的夹角β采用29°,镂空齿片端侧沿线11与圆柱母线正投影夹角γ取17°,该处设计是一为了减少搅拌阻力,别外形成一分力将原料向下出料口送,与螺旋线上的镂空齿片和推料浆同时作用,方便连续作业生产。
Claims (3)
1.一种大比例玻纤聚氨酯强制混合装置,包括电机(1)、传动装置(2)、圆筒状混合室(3),搅拌器(4),圆筒状混合室的上部设有聚氨酯混合料注入口(5)和玻纤注入口(6),下端有出料口(7),电机经传动装置带动搅拌器旋转,圆筒状混合室外壁留有使搅拌器自由转动间隙H包容搅拌器,其特征在于:所述搅拌器为圆柱形柱面上多头螺旋线上均匀分布有片状镂空齿片(8),位于镂空齿片(8)的圆柱形柱面上方设有旋向与螺旋线旋向相同的叶片状推料浆(9)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种大比例玻纤聚氨酯强制混合装置,其特征在于:所述搅拌器的镂空齿片均匀分布在圆柱形柱面螺旋角α在25°至35°之间的三头螺旋线上,且在一个导程L上均匀设置有六片镂空齿片,镂空齿片的齿面(10)与圆柱形轴线的夹角β在25°至40°之间,镂空齿片端侧沿线(11)与圆柱母线正投影夹角γ取15°至25°之间。
3.根据权利要求1至2所述的一种大比例玻纤聚氨酯强制混合装置,其特征在于:所述搅拌器的镂空齿片均匀分布在圆柱形柱面上螺旋角α为27°的三头螺旋线上,其齿面(10)与轴线的夹角β为29°,镂空齿片(8)端侧沿线(11)与圆柱母线和轴线截面夹角γ为17°。
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