CN106421257A - 一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒及其制备方法,属于中药制剂技术领域。一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由喉咙草5~12份、通天草5~12份、野料豆5~12份、茯苓3~7份、川芎5~8份、艾尖5~8份、木耳1~5份和对乙酰氨基酚0.5~1.5份制成。本发明以益气解表,调和营卫为主要治疗原则,兼有清热解毒,扶正固本,活血化瘀之效,主治鼻塞,流涕,发热,恶风寒,气短,乏力,神疲,自汗,动则加重,平素畏风寒、易感冒,舌质淡,脉缓等症状。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
上呼吸道感染简称上感,又称普通感冒。是包括鼻腔、咽或喉部急性炎症的总称。广义的上感不是一个疾病诊断,而是一组疾病,包括普通感冒、病毒性咽炎、喉炎、疱疹性咽峡炎、咽结膜热、细菌性咽-扁桃体炎。狭义的上感又称普通感冒,是最常见的急性呼吸道感染性疾病,多呈自限性,但发生率较高。普通感冒的临床常表现为鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、咽痛以及恶寒、发热、咳嗽等一系列症状,起病较急,四时皆有,以冬春季节为多见。本病为自限性疾病,但易合并细菌感染,导致病情加重迁延并可产生严重的并发症,甚至威胁患者生命。本病属于中医学“感冒”范畴。
普通感冒常在季节交替和冬、春季节发病,起病较急,早期症状主要以鼻部卡他症状为主,可有喷嚏、鼻塞、流清水样鼻涕,初期也可有咽部不适或咽干,咽痒或烧灼感。2~3天后变为稠涕,可有咽痛或声嘶,有时由于咽鼓管炎可出现听力减退,也可出现流泪、味觉迟钝、呼吸不畅、咳嗽、少量咯痰等症状。一般无发热及全身症状,或仅有低热。严重者除发热外,可感乏力不适、畏寒、四肢酸痛和头痛及食欲不振等全身症状。无并发症的普通感冒一般5~7天后可痊愈。老年人和儿童容易出现感冒并发症。若伴有基础疾病的普通感冒患者则临床症状较重、迁延,容易出现并发症,使病程延长。体检可见鼻腔黏膜充血、水肿、有分泌物、咽部轻度充血,胸部体检多无异常。
中医认为:风邪及夹寒、暑、湿、燥、热六淫之邪和正气不足是引起感冒的重要因素,病位在上焦肺卫,病机为外邪犯肺(卫)、肺失宣肃。在不同季节常常夹四时不正之气而入侵,以风寒、风热、风燥为多见。外邪致病的途径为肺系卫表,一是外邪侵袭,卫阳被遏,邪正交争,营卫失和而出现发热、恶寒、出汗异常等表卫症状;二是外邪犯肺,肺失宣降而致鼻塞、咳嗽等。病久反复,伤及正气,或年老体弱,正气不足,卫外不固,容易受邪而使疾病反复发作且病程较长。正气不足的所偏也导致感受外邪的差异,如气虚者多易感受风寒,阴虚者多易感受风热。体质因素在感冒的发病和病机转化中起着重要作用,如素体痰湿内盛则易受寒湿、阴虚内热则易受风热、风燥等。
对于普通感冒的治疗,大多数患者会选择西药治疗,见效快,服用量小,例如:对乙酰胺基酚、阿司匹林、马来酸氯苯那敏、快克、感康等,这些西药是患者为快速缓解相应症状会普遍选用的药品。但是这类药物也存在很大的缺陷,副作用大,适应人群不一,而且适应症普遍较窄,当患者存在多种感冒症状时,往往需要服用多种西药,这样可能存在安全隐患,许多惨痛的代价也告诉我们,感冒药不能随意搭配使用。相对于西药来说,有一部分患者则会选择中医治疗,尤其是存在基础病或体弱多病的患者更倾向于选择中药治疗。中医治疗更具有系统性和整体性,在治疗感冒的同时,往往对身体的调理或者长远的健康是有益处的,而且疗效稳定,巩固性较强,不容易复发。申请号为201510235465的专利公开了一种治疗体虚感冒的中药,它是将重量份的党参30~50份,黄芪30~50份,荆芥20~40份,防风20~40份,前胡20~40份,柴胡20~40份,羌活20~40份,水400~500份煎煮制成。该发明提供的中药通过采用多味中药进行调节身体,在祛风驱寒、清热解毒的同时固表补亏,增强体质,从根本上解决体虚感冒,且无毒副作用。申请号为201510726567公开了一种治疗感冒的中西药复方制剂,按照重量份的原料包括:金银花5-9份、干姜6-8份、白芍4-6份、白芷4-6份、牛蒡子5-8份、倒扣草5-8份、水杨梅6-8份、五指柑6-8份、紫苏叶4-6份、半边莲3-5份、山楂3-5份、柴胡3-5份、对乙酰氨基酚0.5-1份、马来酸氯苯那敏0.01-0.02份、咖啡因0.01-0.02份,该发明清热解毒,用于感冒引起的头痛发热,鼻塞,咳嗽,咽喉痛,疗效快,治愈率高,服用安全可靠。上述纯中药药物以及中西药结合药物均对普通感冒有明显的治疗作用,但是实践表明其对于伴有普通疾病的感冒患者或者感冒加重患者治疗效果较差,对人体补益作用较弱。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,增强人体免疫力,益气解表,扶正祛邪,标本兼治。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:
喉咙草5~12份、通天草5~12份、野料豆5~12份、茯苓3~7份、川芎5~8份、艾尖5~8份、木耳1~5份、对乙酰氨基酚0.5~1.5份。
优选地,所述治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草10份、通天草10份、野料豆10份、茯苓6份、川芎6份、艾尖7份、木耳3份、对乙酰氨基酚1份。
优选地,所述治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,还包括如下重量份的原料:蘑菇3~7份、桔梗1~5份、辛夷5~8份、桂枝5~8份。
优选地,所述治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草9份、通天草9份、野料豆9份、茯苓5份、川芎6份、艾尖6份、木耳2份、蘑菇4份、桔梗3份、辛夷6份、桂枝7份,对乙酰氨基酚1.2份。
一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S11:分别称取干燥的重量份的喉咙草5~12份、通天草5~12份、野料豆5~12份、茯苓3~7份、川芎5~8份、艾尖5~8份和木耳1~5份,捡净去杂,粉碎;
步骤S21:将粉碎后的喉咙草、通天草、野料豆、茯苓、川芎、艾尖和木耳混合,加入3~5倍重量的水,超声波处理45~60分钟,过滤得到滤液Ⅰ和滤渣Ⅰ;在滤渣Ⅰ中加入其重量4~6倍的乙醇溶液,加热回流2~3次,每次40~60分钟,分别过滤,各次滤液合并后与所述滤液Ⅰ混合,回收乙醇,浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.23~1.25的膏体Ⅰ;
步骤S31:将所述膏体Ⅰ干燥后,粉碎,过筛,得细粉,将所述细粉与0.5~1.5重量份的乙酰氨基酚充分混合,在混合物中加入相对于其质量2~5%的辅料,混合,制粒,干燥,得颗粒剂。
优选地,所述过筛是过200目以上的筛网,筛上物重量不超过1%。
优选地,所述超声波处理的频率为25~30kHz,功率为700~800W,温度为50~60℃。
优选地,所述乙醇溶液的体积分数为90~95%。
优选地,所述治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,还包括以下步骤:
称取重量份的蘑菇3~7份、桔梗1~5份、辛夷5~8份和桂枝5~8份,干燥,粉碎,加入其重量5~8倍的水,煎煮30~60分钟,过滤得煎煮液;将所述煎煮液浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.23~1.25的膏体Ⅱ;
将所述膏体Ⅱ和膏体合并,干燥后,粉碎,过筛,与0.5~1.5重量份的乙酰氨基酚混合,在混合物中加入相对于其质量2~5%的辅料,混合,制粒,干燥,得颗粒剂。
优选地,所述辅料由微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁以重量比1.5~3.5:1组成。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明以益气解表,调和营卫为主要治疗原则,兼有清热解毒,扶正固本,活血化瘀之效,主治鼻塞,流涕,发热,恶风寒,气短,乏力,神疲,自汗,动则加重,平素畏风寒、易感冒,舌质淡,脉缓等症状。其中,本发明中各原料药材的药理如下:
喉咙草,为报春花科植物点地梅的全草或果实,苦,辛,性微寒;归肺,肝,脾经;清热解毒,消肿止痛。主治咽喉肿痛,口疮,牙痛,头痛,赤眼,风湿痹痛,哮喘,淋浊,疗疮肿毒,烫火伤,蛇咬伤,跌打损伤。
通天草,为莎草科植物荸荠的地上茎。味苦,性凉;归脾,肾经;清热解毒,利尿,降逆。主热淋;小便不利;水肿;疔疮;呃逆;
野料豆,为豆科植物崂豆的种子。性味甘,凉。补益肝肾,祛风解毒。治阴亏目昏,肾虚腰痛,盗汗,筋骨疼痛,产后风痉,小儿疳疾;
茯苓,为多孔菌科真菌茯苓的干燥菌核。味甘、淡,性平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。利水渗湿,健脾,宁心。用于水肿尿少,痰饮眩悸,脾虚食少,便溏泄泻,心神不安,惊悸失眠;
川芎,伞形科植物川芎的干燥根茎。味辛;性温。入肝、胆经。行气开郁,祛风燥湿,活血止痛。治风冷头痛旋晕,胁痛腹疼,寒痹筋挛,经闭,难产,产后瘀阻块痛,痈疽疮疡;
艾尖,为菊科植物艾的嫩芽或新芽,清晨采摘后,阴干,炒制使用。苦辛,温。入脾、肝、肾经。理气血,逐寒湿;温经,止血,安胎。治心腹冷痛,泄泻转筋,久痢,吐衄,下血,月经不调,崩漏,带下,胎动不安,痈疡,疥癣;
木耳,为木耳科植物木耳的子实体,性味甘,平。入胃、大肠经。凉血,止血。治肠风,血痢,血淋,崩漏,痔疮;
对乙酰氨基酚,化学名为N-(4-羟基苯基)乙酰胺(N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) acetamide),分子式为C8H9NO2,临床上主要用于感冒引起的发热、头痛及缓解轻、中度疼痛等,如关节痛、肌肉痛、神经痛、偏头痛、痛经、癌性痛和手术后镇痛等;也可用于对阿司匹林过敏、不耐受或不适于应用阿司匹林的患者:如水痘、血友病及其他出血性疾病患者(包括应用抗凝治疗的患者),以及轻型消化性溃疡及胃炎患者等。
本申请人对普通感冒的中西医治疗深有研究,中医治疗遵循辨证施治,对疾病的治疗具有全面性和系统性,对人体的调理具有整体性,对于感冒引起的迁延症状具有较好的疗效,对于提高人体对疾病的防御能力具有更长期的有益作用;而西医治疗见效快,用量少,但对人体具有或多或少的副作用或容易产生不良反应,对于伴有基础疾病的感冒患者治疗效果差。本发明治疗感冒的中西药颗粒是在长期医疗实践得出的配方,本申请通过中、西药的有机配合,优势互补;中药配伍合理,能益气解表,调和营卫,兼有清热解毒,扶正固本,活血化瘀之效。本发明中西医颗粒治疗感冒起效快,效果好,疗效确切,治疗疗程短,不易复发,无毒副作用,而且对于伴有基础疾病的感冒患者亦有显著的疗效,能够提高患者的免疫力,预防和改善并发症的发生和发展。
本发明在上述配方的基础上,增加以下四味中药,以增强本发明中西药颗粒对人体的调理和固本作用,利于迁延症和并发症的彻底恢复,其中:
蘑菇,为蘑菇科真菌双孢蘑菇及四孢蘑菇的子实体。性味甘,性平;归肠,胃,肺经;健脾开胃,平肝提神。主饮食不消,纳呆,乳汁不足,高血压症,神倦欲眠;桔梗,为桔梗科植物桔梗的干燥根。味苦、辛,性平。归肺经。具有宣肺,利咽,祛痰,排脓的功效。用于咳嗽痰多,胸闷不畅,咽痛音哑,肺痈吐脓;辛夷,为木兰科植物辛夷或玉兰的花蕾。辛,温。归肺、胃经。散风寒,通鼻窍。用于风寒头痛,鼻塞,鼻渊,鼻流浊涕;桂枝,为樟科植物肉桂的嫩枝。辛甘,温。入膀胱、心、肺经。发汗解肌,温经通脉。治风寒表证,肩背肢节酸疼,胸痹痰饮,经闭症瘕。
本发明中药配方所采用的各种原料药,均为药性平和的植物药,安全可靠,药源广,成本低;经与对乙酰氨基酚结合,在提高治疗效率的同时,减轻西药副作用,扩展适应范围。经实践验证,本发明中西药颗粒对普通感冒连续服用2~3天即可治愈,对于重感冒患者或体虚感冒类患者,连服3~4天即可治愈。经对多年医疗实践,有效率达到98%以上,且无副作用,男女老少皆可服用。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步清楚阐述本发明的内容,但本发明的保护内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。在下文的描述中,给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本发明更为彻底的理解。然而,对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,本发明可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。
实施例1:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草10份、通天草10份、野料豆10份、茯苓6份、川芎6份、艾尖7份、木耳3份、对乙酰氨基酚1份。
一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S11:分别称取干燥的重量份的喉咙草10份、通天草10份、野料豆10份、茯苓6份、川芎6份、艾尖7份和木耳3份,捡净去杂,粉碎;
步骤S21:将粉碎后的喉咙草、通天草、野料豆、茯苓、川芎、艾尖和木耳混合,加入4倍重量的水,超声波处理50分钟,超声波处理的频率为28kHz,功率为750W,温度为53℃,过滤得到滤液Ⅰ和滤渣Ⅰ;在滤渣Ⅰ中加入其重量5倍的体积分数为90%的乙醇溶液,加热回流2次,每次50分钟,分别过滤,各次滤液合并后与所述滤液Ⅰ混合,回收乙醇,浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.24的膏体Ⅰ;
步骤S31:将所述膏体Ⅰ干燥后,粉碎,过筛,得细粉,将所述细粉与4重量份的乙酰氨基酚充分混合,在混合物中加入相对于其质量3%的辅料,混合,制粒,干燥,得颗粒剂。
本发明中,所述过筛是过200目以上的筛网,筛上物重量不超过1%。
本发明中,所述辅料由微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁以重量比1.5~3.5:1组成;具体地,所述辅料由微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁以重量比2.0:1或1.5:1或3.5:1或2.5:1组成。增加适量辅料可加快颗粒剂的成型,提高颗粒剂的稳定性,提升保存质量,对人体无任何潜在危害,且不影响药效的发挥。配比不当,容易导致颗粒剂成型不均匀,延长制粒时间,使颗粒表面粗糙度较大。
实施例2:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草5份、通天草5份、野料豆5份、茯苓3份、川芎5份、艾尖5份、木耳1份、对乙酰氨基酚0.5份。
一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S11:分别称取干燥的重量份的喉咙草5份、通天草5份、野料豆5份、茯苓3份、川芎5份、艾尖5份和木耳1份,捡净去杂,粉碎;
步骤S21:将粉碎后的喉咙草、通天草、野料豆、茯苓、川芎、艾尖和木耳混合,加入3倍重量的水,超声波处理45分钟,超声波处理的频率为25kHz,功率为700W,温度为50℃,过滤得到滤液Ⅰ和滤渣Ⅰ;在滤渣Ⅰ中加入其重量4倍的体积分数为90%的乙醇溶液,加热回流2次,每次40分钟,分别过滤,各次滤液合并后与所述滤液Ⅰ混合,回收乙醇,浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.25的膏体Ⅰ;
步骤S31:将所述膏体Ⅰ干燥后,粉碎,过筛,得细粉,将所述细粉与2重量份的乙酰氨基酚充分混合,在混合物中加入相对于其质量2%的辅料,混合,制粒,干燥,得颗粒剂。
本发明中,所述过筛是过200目以上的筛网,筛上物重量不超过1%。
实施例3:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草12份、通天草12份、野料豆12份、茯苓7份、川芎8份、艾尖8份、木耳5份、对乙酰氨基酚1.5份。
一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S11:分别称取干燥的重量份的喉咙草12份、通天草12份、野料豆12份、茯苓7份、川芎8份、艾尖8份和木耳5份,捡净去杂,粉碎;
步骤S21:将粉碎后的喉咙草、通天草、野料豆、茯苓、川芎、艾尖和木耳混合,加入5倍重量的水,超声波处理60分钟,超声波处理的频率为30kHz,功率为800W,温度为60℃,过滤得到滤液Ⅰ和滤渣Ⅰ;在滤渣Ⅰ中加入其重量6倍的体积分数为95%的乙醇溶液,加热回流3次,每次60分钟,分别过滤,各次滤液合并后与所述滤液Ⅰ混合,回收乙醇,浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.23的膏体Ⅰ;
步骤S31:将所述膏体Ⅰ干燥后,粉碎,过筛,得细粉,将所述细粉与6重量份的乙酰氨基酚充分混合,在混合物中加入相对于其质量5%的辅料,混合,制粒,干燥,得颗粒剂。
本发明中,所述过筛是过200目以上的筛网,筛上物重量不超过1%。
实施例4:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草9份、通天草9份、野料豆9份、茯苓5份、川芎6份、艾尖6份、木耳2份、对乙酰氨基酚1.2份。制备方法参阅实施例1,不再赘述。
实施例5:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草7份、通天草6份、野料豆8份、茯苓4份、川芎7份、艾尖7份、木耳4份、对乙酰氨基酚0.8份。制备方法参阅实施例1,不再赘述。
实施例6:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草9份、通天草9份、野料豆9份、茯苓5份、川芎6份、艾尖6份、木耳2份、蘑菇4份、桔梗3份、辛夷6份、桂枝7份,对乙酰氨基酚1.3份。
一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S11:分别称取干燥的重量份的喉咙草9份、通天草9份、野料豆9份、茯苓5份、川芎6份、艾尖6份和木耳2份,捡净去杂,粉碎;
步骤S21:将粉碎后的喉咙草、通天草、野料豆、茯苓、川芎、艾尖和木耳混合,加入4倍重量的水,超声波处理55分钟,超声波处理的频率为28kHz,功率为780W,温度为53℃,过滤得到滤液Ⅰ和滤渣Ⅰ;在滤渣Ⅰ中加入其重量5倍的体积分数为90%的乙醇溶液,加热回流2次,每次45分钟,分别过滤,各次滤液合并后与所述滤液Ⅰ混合,回收乙醇,浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.24的膏体Ⅰ;
步骤S22:称取重量份的蘑菇4份、桔梗3份、辛夷6份和桂枝7份,干燥,粉碎,加入其重量3倍的水,煎煮30分钟,过滤得煎煮液;将所述煎煮液浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.24的膏体Ⅱ;
步骤S31:将所述膏体Ⅰ和膏体Ⅱ合并,干燥后,粉碎,过筛,与3重量份的乙酰氨基酚混合,在混合物中加入相对于其质量3%的辅料,混合,制粒,干燥,得颗粒剂。
过筛指标、辅料的种类及配比参阅实施例1。
实施例7:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草5份、通天草5份、野料豆5份、茯苓3份、川芎5份、艾尖5份、木耳1份、蘑菇3份、桔梗1份、辛夷5份、桂枝5份、对乙酰氨基酚0.9份。
一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S11:分别称取干燥的重量份的喉咙草5份、通天草5份、野料豆5份、茯苓3份、川芎5份、艾尖5份和木耳1份,捡净去杂,粉碎;
步骤S21:将粉碎后的喉咙草、通天草、野料豆、茯苓、川芎、艾尖和木耳混合,加入4倍重量的水,超声波处理55分钟,超声波处理的频率为25kHz,功率为730W,温度为55℃,过滤得到滤液Ⅰ和滤渣Ⅰ;在滤渣Ⅰ中加入其重量5倍的体积分数为95%的乙醇溶液,加热回流3次,每次45分钟,分别过滤,各次滤液合并后与所述滤液Ⅰ混合,回收乙醇,浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.25的膏体Ⅰ;
步骤S22:称取重量份的蘑菇3份、桔梗1份、辛夷5份和桂枝5份,干燥,粉碎,加入其重量5倍的水,煎煮45分钟,过滤得煎煮液;将所述煎煮液浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.25的膏体Ⅱ;
步骤S31:将所述膏体Ⅰ和膏体Ⅱ合并,干燥后,粉碎,过筛,与2重量份的乙酰氨基酚混合,在混合物中加入相对于其质量2%的辅料,混合,制粒,干燥,得颗粒剂。
过筛指标、辅料的种类及配比参阅实施例1。
实施例8:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草12份、通天草12份、野料豆12份、茯苓7份、川芎8份、艾尖8份、木耳5份、蘑菇7份、桔梗5份、辛夷8份、桂枝8份、对乙酰氨基酚1.4份。
一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S11:分别称取干燥的重量份的喉咙草12份、通天草12份、野料豆12份、茯苓7份、川芎8份、艾尖8份和木耳5份,捡净去杂,粉碎;
步骤S21:将粉碎后的喉咙草、通天草、野料豆、茯苓、川芎、艾尖和木耳混合,加入5倍重量的水,超声波处理60分钟,超声波处理的频率为30kHz,功率为800W,温度为60℃,过滤得到滤液Ⅰ和滤渣Ⅰ;在滤渣Ⅰ中加入其重量5倍的体积分数为90%的乙醇溶液,加热回流2次,每次45分钟,分别过滤,各次滤液合并后与所述滤液Ⅰ混合,回收乙醇,浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.24的膏体Ⅰ;
步骤S22:称取重量份的蘑菇7份、桔梗5份、辛夷8份和桂枝8份,干燥,粉碎,加入其重量8倍的水,煎煮60分钟,过滤得煎煮液;将所述煎煮液浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.24的膏体Ⅱ;
步骤S31:将所述膏体Ⅰ和膏体Ⅱ合并,干燥后,粉碎,过筛,与6重量份的乙酰氨基酚混合,在混合物中加入相对于其质量4%的辅料,混合,制粒,干燥,得颗粒剂。
过筛指标、辅料的种类及配比参阅实施例1。
实施例9:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草7份、通天草7份、野料豆6份、茯苓5份、川芎6份、艾尖7份、木耳2份、蘑菇5份、桔梗2份、辛夷7份、桂枝6份、对乙酰氨基酚1份。制备方法参阅实施例6,不再赘述。
对比例1:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草10份、通天草10份、野料豆10份、茯苓6份、川芎6份、艾尖7份、木耳3份。制备方法参阅实施例1。
对比例2:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草10份、通天草10份、野料豆10份、茯苓6份、川芎6份、艾尖7份、木耳3份、对乙酰氨基酚1份,其制备采用下述方法:
称取上述重量份的原料,捡净去杂,粉碎;将粉碎后的原料混合,加入煎煮器中,加入相对于原料重量6倍的水,设定温度80℃,时间60分钟,煎煮后过滤,得药液;将药液浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.24的膏体;将膏体干燥后,粉碎,与对乙酰氨基酚混合,加入相对于混合物重量2%的微晶纤维素,混合,制粒,得颗粒剂。
对比例3:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草9份、通天草9份、野料豆9份、茯苓5份、川芎6份、艾尖6份、木耳2份、蘑菇4份、桔梗3份、辛夷6份、桂枝7份。制备方法参阅实施例6。
对比例4:一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:喉咙草9份、通天草9份、野料豆9份、茯苓5份、川芎6份、艾尖6份、木耳2份、蘑菇4份、桔梗3份、辛夷6份、桂枝7份,对乙酰氨基酚1.2份,其制备采用下述方法:
称取上述重量份的原料,捡净去杂,粉碎;将粉碎后的原料混合,加入煎煮器中,加入相对于原料重量8倍的水,设定温度85℃,时间60分钟,煎煮后过滤,得药液;将药液浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.25的膏体;将膏体干燥后,粉碎,与对乙酰氨基酚混合,加入相对于混合物重量3%的辅料,所述辅料由微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁以重量比1:1组成,混合,制粒,得颗粒剂。
治疗效果
发明人对治疗感冒的中西药颗粒进行了配方优化和疗效对比。
实验组A1~A2:分别为实施例1、6制备的中西药颗粒;该组患者一次服用 1袋,每袋10g,每天服用3次,连续服用2~3天。治疗后观察患者的症状,以及身体是否有不良症状;
对照组B1~B4:对比例1~4制备的中西药颗粒;该组患者一次服用 1袋,每袋10g,每天服用3次,连续服用2~3天。治疗后观察患者的症状,以及身体是否有不良症状;
对照组B0:该组患者选择药物为感冒软胶囊,每次2粒,一天服用2次,连续服用2~3天,观察患者的身体症状,以及身体是否有不良情况。
观察普通感冒患者共180例,随机分为9组,每组20例,每组一般资料无显著性差异。
纳入标准:1) 恶风寒或并发热;2) 鼻塞、流涕;3) 神疲或乏力或气短, 动则加重; 4) 自汗、动则加重; 5) 平素畏风寒, 或易感冒; 6) 舌质淡,或脉沉细或沉缓或细弱。具备 1) 、2) 中 1 项, 加3) 、4) 、5) 、6) 中 2 项。
评价标准:(1)治愈:症状消失。(2)好转:发热消退,临床症状减轻。(3)未愈:临床症状无改善或加重。
治疗效果统计:见表1。治愈率:A2>A1>B3>B4>B1>B0>B2;有效率:A1=A2=B1=B3=B4>B2>B0。上述结果显示,①A2组的治疗效果最优,2~3天的连续可完全治愈感冒患者;②A1组的治疗效果仅次于A2组,说明A2的改进效果有助于感冒的彻底治疗;③B3组的效果仅次于A1组,从配方上来看,增强了中药的药效,未添加对乙酰氨基酚,总体治愈效果欠佳;④B4组与A2组、及B2组与A1组在制备方法上均存在不同,治愈效果具有明显差别,说明制备方法影响有效成分的提取;⑤B1组与A1组相比,未添加对乙酰氨基酚,效果明显弱于A1。
总体而言,本发明组方合理,对纳入标准的感冒类患者治疗效果显著。
表1 试验结果
注:痊愈率=治愈例数/总案例数*100%;有效率=(治愈例数+好转案例)/总案例数*100%;无效率=未愈例数/总案例数*100%。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等同替换,只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成,其特征在于:喉咙草5~12份、通天草5~12份、野料豆5~12份、茯苓3~7份、川芎5~8份、艾尖5~8份、木耳1~5份、对乙酰氨基酚0.5~1.5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成,其特征在于:喉咙草10份、通天草10份、野料豆10份、茯苓6份、川芎6份、艾尖7份、木耳3份、对乙酰氨基酚1份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,其特征在于:还包括如下重量份的原料:蘑菇3~7份、桔梗1~5份、辛夷5~8份、桂枝5~8份。
4.如权利要求3所述的治疗感冒的中西药颗粒,其特征在于:还包括如下重量份的原料:喉咙草9份、通天草9份、野料豆9份、茯苓5份、川芎6份、艾尖6份、木耳2份、蘑菇4份、桔梗3份、辛夷6份、桂枝7份,对乙酰氨基酚1.2份。
5.一种治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤S11:分别称取干燥的重量份的喉咙草5~12份、通天草5~12份、野料豆5~12份、茯苓3~7份、川芎5~8份、艾尖5~8份和木耳1~5份,捡净去杂,粉碎;
步骤S21:将粉碎后的喉咙草、通天草、野料豆、茯苓、川芎、艾尖和木耳混合,加入3~5倍重量的水,超声波处理45~60分钟,过滤得到滤液Ⅰ和滤渣Ⅰ;在滤渣Ⅰ中加入其重量4~6倍的乙醇溶液,加热回流2~3次,每次40~60分钟,分别过滤,各次滤液合并后与所述滤液Ⅰ混合,回收乙醇,浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.23~1.25的膏体Ⅰ;
步骤S31:将所述膏体Ⅰ干燥后,粉碎,过筛,得细粉,将所述细粉与0.5~1.5重量份的乙酰氨基酚充分混合,在混合物中加入相对于其质量2~5%的辅料,混合,制粒,干燥,得颗粒剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述过筛是过200目以上的筛网,筛上物重量不超过1%。
7.如权利要求5所述的治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述超声波处理的频率为25~30kHz,功率为700~800W,温度为50~60℃。
8.如权利要求5所述的治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述乙醇溶液的体积分数为90~95%。
9.如权利要求5~8任一项所述的治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:还包括以下步骤:
称取重量份的蘑菇3~7份、桔梗1~5份、辛夷5~8份和桂枝5~8份,干燥,粉碎,加入其重量5~8倍的水,煎煮30~60分钟,过滤得煎煮液;将所述煎煮液浓缩至75℃相对密度为1.23~1.25的膏体Ⅱ;将所述膏体Ⅱ和膏体Ⅰ合并,干燥后,粉碎,过筛,与0.5~1.5重量份的乙酰氨基酚混合,在混合物中加入相对于其质量2~5%的辅料,混合,制粒,干燥,得颗粒剂。
10.如权利要求9所述的治疗感冒的中西药颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述辅料由微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁以重量比1.5~3.5:1组成。
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