CN106421037A - 预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物 - Google Patents
预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋8‑29份,白头翁1‑28份,苍术4‑26份,陈皮2‑13份,五倍子9‑30份,白芍6‑29份和厚朴3‑15份。本发明的中药组合物具有清热燥湿,凉血解毒的功效,能够抑制鸡白痢沙门氏菌的生长,增强鸡的免疫力,预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病,而且原料来源广泛,成本低廉,毒副作用小。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药复方制剂技术领域,涉及一种预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物。
背景技术
鸡白痢沙门氏菌病(简称鸡白痢)是危害养鸡业最严重的疾病之一。目前,国内对鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的防治主要采取定期检疫,淘汰阳性鸡,净化鸡场措施,包括在饮水或饲料中添加抗生素,应用减毒活菌苗、灭活菌苗、脂多糖抗原、高免卵黄液等进行免疫预防。但受疫病防治和市场经济利益驱动等因素的影响,许多养鸡场都存在大量使用甚至滥用抗生素的情况,随之产生的细菌耐药性和抗生素残留等问题十分严峻。鸡白痢沙门氏菌的耐药性在逐年增加,既往常用于防治鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的青霉素、四环素、磺胺类等药物现已效果不佳甚至完全无效。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种中药组合物,能够抑制鸡白痢沙门氏菌的生长,增强鸡的免疫力,预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
1.预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋8-29份,白头翁1-28份,苍术4-26份,陈皮2-13份,五倍子9-30份,白芍6-29份和厚朴3-15份。
马齿苋为马齿苋科植物马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L)的干燥地上部分。性味酸、寒,具有清热利湿、凉血解毒的功效。现代研究表明,马齿苋含有类黄酮、生物碱、多糖、三萜醇类、儿茶酚胺类等多种有效活性成分,对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌均有抑制作用,对细菌性痢疾、急性胃肠炎等有良好的治疗效果。
白头翁为毛茛科植物白头翁(Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge) Regel)的干燥根。味苦,性寒,归胃经,具有清热解毒、凉血止痢的功效。现代研究表明,白头翁含有白头翁皂甙、白桦脂酸、胡萝卜甙、原白头翁素及白头翁素等多种有效活性成分;原白头翁素和白头翁素有抗多种细菌和病毒的功效,其中对白喉杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌、结核杆菌、魏氏梭菌等有明显的抑制作用。同时,白头翁还具有镇静、镇痛及抗痉挛的作用,对由于细菌引起的肠道出血性痢疾和肠痉挛性痢疾有良好的治疗作用。
苍术为菊科植物茅苍术Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.) DC.或北苍术Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz.的干燥根茎。性味温、辛、苦,具有燥湿健脾、祛风散寒、明目的功效,用于治疗湿盛困脾、倦怠嗜卧、脘痞腹胀、食欲不振、呕吐、泄泻、痢疾等。现代研究表明,苍术含有倍半萜类、聚乙烯炔类、糖苷类等多种有效活性成分。
陈皮为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮。性味温、辛、苦,归肺、脾经,具有理气健脾、燥湿化痰的功效,用于治疗脘腹胀满、食少吐泻、咳嗽痰多。现代研究表明,陈皮含有挥发油、黄酮类、多糖类、生物碱等多种有效活性物质。
五倍子为漆树科植物盐肤木Rhus chinensis Mill.或青麸杨Rhus potaninii Maxim.或红麸杨Rhus punjabensis Stew.var.sinica(Diels) Rehd.et Wils.叶上的虫瘿,主要由五倍子蚜Melaphis chinensis(Bell) Baker寄生而形成。性味寒、酸、涩,归肺、大肠、肾经,具有敛肺降火、涩肠止泻、收湿敛疮、敛汗、止血的功效,用于治疗肺虚久咳、肺热咳嗽、外伤出血、便血痔血、皮肤湿烂、久泻久痢、自汗盗汗、疮毒、消渴等症。现代研究表明,五倍子含有酚酸类、没食子酰葡萄糖类、萜类、黄酮类等活性成分,对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎球菌以及伤寒、副伤寒、痢疾、炭疽、白喉、绿脓杆菌等均有明显的抑菌或杀菌作用。
白芍为毛茛科植物芍药Paeonia lactiflora Pall.的干燥根。性味凉、苦酸,归肝、脾经,具有平肝止痛、养血调经、敛阴止汗的功效,用于治疗头痛眩晕、胁痛、腹痛、四肢挛痛、血虚萎黄、月经不调、自汗、盗汗等。现代研究表明,白芍含有单萜及单萜苷类、三萜、鞣质、芳香酸、黄酮等有效活性成分,对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用。
厚朴为木兰科植物厚朴Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.或凹叶厚朴Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. var. biloba Rehd. et Wils.的干燥干皮、根皮及枝皮。性味温、苦、辛,归脾、胃、肺、大肠经,具有行气消积、燥湿除满、降逆平喘的功效。现代研究表明,厚朴含有厚朴酚、异厚朴酚、挥发油、生物碱等有效活性成分,有很好的抑菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤作用及潜在的抗溃疡作用,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、芽孢杆菌、假丝酵母、毛霉、枯青霉有很好的抑制作用。
优选的,所述预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋11份,白头翁1份,苍术4 份,陈皮6份,五倍子28份,白芍29份和厚朴9份。
优选的,所述预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋28份,白头翁11份,苍术13 份,陈皮4份,五倍子29份,白芍9份和厚朴6份。
优选的,所述预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋8份,白头翁12份,苍术17份,陈皮10份,五倍子26份,白芍7份和厚朴15份。
优选的,所述预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋14份,白头翁21份,苍术22份,陈皮2份,五倍子30份,白芍20份和厚朴3份。
优选的,所述预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋25份,白头翁22份,苍术26 份,陈皮8份,五倍子27份,白芍18份和厚朴12份。
最优选的,所述预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋29份,白头翁28份,苍术19 份,陈皮13份,五倍子9份,白芍6份和厚朴4份。
鸡白痢沙门氏菌病发病急,痢下清稀,在肛门处有粘稠粪便粘在肛门口周围及附近羽毛形成的干燥结节,属热痢。病邪以湿热为主,或为阳盛之体受邪,邪从热化则为湿热痢。从临床症状来看,该病主症湿热,为致病菌所致的肠道气血阻滞,疫毒之气壅阻肠道,湿热郁结于肠。根据雏鸡的生理特点,不宜大量选用苦寒和止泻的药物,而应遵循“扶正祛邪”、“标本兼顾”的指导思想,确立“清热燥湿,凉血解毒”为主的治疗原则,并需随时顾护胃气。因而,上述最优选组方选用清热解毒、治疗菌痢的马齿苋、白头翁为君药,健脾和胃、可治脾胃虚弱的苍术和理气健脾、燥湿化痰的陈皮为臣药,同时佐以收敛止泻的五倍子,白芍平肝止痛,厚朴行气燥湿治疗兼证。
.由所述的预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物制成的提取液。
优选的,所述提取液为水提液。
.由所述的预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物制成的中药制剂。
优选的,所述中药制剂为颗粒剂。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明提供了一种预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,具有清热燥湿,凉血解毒的功效,能够抑制鸡白痢沙门氏菌的生长,增强鸡的免疫力,预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病,而且原料来源广泛,成本低廉,毒副作用小。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。
一、预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物、其提取液与颗粒剂的制备
预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其优选组方如表1所示。
预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其提取液的制备方法如下:
(1)按重量份取表1各组方药材,混合,粉碎;
(2)将步骤(1)所得药粉,加水浸泡后煎煮,过滤,收集滤液,再次加水煎煮,过滤,合并两次滤液,得煎煮液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得煎煮液浓缩至含生药1g/mL,即得中药组合物的提取液。
预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其颗粒剂的制备方法如下:
(1)向中药组合物的提取液中加入占中药组合物提取液总重量30%的玉米淀粉与1%的蔗糖,迅速搅拌至混合均匀;
(2)向步骤(1)所得混合物中加水,揉搓至干燥的分散体状,然后过12目筛制成湿颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)所得湿颗粒于60℃干燥8小时,即得中药组合物的颗粒剂。
二、中药组合物对鸡白痢沙门氏菌的体外抑菌试验(牛津杯法)
取无污染的营养琼脂培养基,分成6组,每组3个重复,用棉签将浓度为1×105 CFU/mL的鸡白痢沙门氏菌菌液均匀地涂抹在培养基的表面,再在培养基表面直接垂直放上3个牛津杯(即内径6mm、外径8mm、高10mm的圆形小管),轻轻加压,使牛津杯与培养基无空隙接触,在牛津杯中加入中药组合物的提取液240μL,然后37℃培养16-18小时,根据抑菌圈大小判定本发明中药组合物6个优选组方的抑菌效果。结果见表2,本发明中药组合物的6个优选组方均有抑制鸡白痢沙门氏菌的功效。
三、中药组合物对鸡白痢沙门氏菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)
取无菌96孔板,第1列和第11列每孔加入灭菌的普通肉汤60μL,第2列每孔加入中药组合物的提取液60μL,然后逐次倍比稀释至第10列(每孔终体积为60μL),第10列的稀释后多余液体弃掉,第1列至第10列再每孔加入浓度为1×105 CFU/mL的鸡白痢沙门氏菌菌液10μL,每孔终体积为70μL。第1列为阳性对照,第11列为肉汤空白对照,以能抑制细菌生长的中药组合物提取液的最高稀释度作为MIC。本发明中药组合物6个优选组方每个平行试验3次。结果见表3。
四、中药组合物对雏鸡感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌病后的治疗效果与血液生理指标的影响
将150只一日龄雏鸡随机分为空白组,模型组,阳性药物组,中药组合物高、中、低剂量组。空白组和模型组均给予生理盐水,阳性药物组给予0.5g/只鸡痢灵散拌料饲喂,中药组合物高、中、低剂量组分别给予0.5g/只、0.3g/只、0.1g/只由中药组合物(组方6)制成的颗粒剂拌料饲喂,每天2次,连续7天。给药第8天,模型组与各药物组雏鸡腹腔注射含有4.9×107 CFU鸡白痢沙门氏菌的菌液进行体内攻毒。然后在各药物组中每组选出造模成功的雏鸡20只进行药物治疗,空白组和模型组均给予生理盐水,阳性药物组给予0.5g/只鸡痢灵散拌料饲喂,中药组合物高、中、低剂量组分别给予0.5g/只、0.3g/只、0.1g/只由中药组合物(组方6)制成的颗粒剂拌料饲喂,每天2次,连续7天。
1、中药组合物对雏鸡感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌病后的治疗效果
结果见表4,中药组合物高剂量组对雏鸡感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌病后的治疗效果与阳性药物组相当,且连续给药14天后,雏鸡没有出现药物中毒引起的死亡,也没有任何的异常反应,表明本发明的中药组合物对鸡白痢沙门氏菌病有良好的治疗效果且毒副作用小。
2、中药组合物对雏鸡感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌病后血液中红细胞、白细胞、淋巴细胞数量的影响
试验结束后,随机选取各组雏鸡,抽取心血,分别用红细胞计数法、白细胞计数法、白细胞分类计数法计数红细胞、白细胞、淋巴细胞的数量,计算淋巴细胞的比值。结果见表5,模型组雏鸡血液中白细胞数量升高,淋巴细胞比值降低,与空白组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),红细胞数量升高,与空白组相比差异显著(P<0.05);中药组合物高、中、低剂量组雏鸡血液中白细胞数量降低,淋巴细胞比值升高,与模型组比较差异极显著(P<0.01),与空白组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);中药组合物高、中、低剂量组雏鸡血液中红细胞数量降低,与模型组相比差异显著(P<0.05),高、中剂量组与空白组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),低剂量组与空白组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。
4、中药组合物对雏鸡感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌病后血液中IL-2含量的影响
试验结束后,随机选取各组雏鸡,抽取心血,低温离心后取上层血清,用鸡IL-2试剂盒检测雏鸡血液中IL-2的含量。结果见表6,模型组雏鸡血液中IL-2含量升高,与空白组相比差异极显著(P<0.01);中药组合物高、中、低剂量组雏鸡血液中IL-2含量降低,与模型组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),高、中剂量组与空白组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),低剂量组与空白组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。
5、中药组合物对雏鸡感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌病后血液中IFN-γ含量的影响
试验结束后,随机选取各组雏鸡,抽取心血,低温离心后取上层血清,用鸡IFN-γ试剂盒检测雏鸡血液中IFN-γ的含量。结果见表7,模型组雏鸡血液中IFN-γ含量与空白组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);中药组合物高、中、低剂量组雏鸡血液中IFN-γ含量与模型组、空白组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。
6、中药组合物对雏鸡感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌病后血液中IgM含量的影响
试验结束后,随机选取各组雏鸡,抽取血液,用鸡IgM试剂盒检测雏鸡血液中IgM的含量。结果见表8,模型组雏鸡血液中IgM含量降低,与空白组相比差异极显著(P<0.01);中药组合物高、中、低剂量组雏鸡血液中IgM含量升高,与模型组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),与空白组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。
7、中药组合物对雏鸡感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌病后血液中IgG含量的影响
试验结束后,随机选取各组雏鸡,抽取血液,用鸡IgG试剂盒检测雏鸡血液中IgG的含量。结果见表9,模型组雏鸡血液中IgG含量降低,与空白组相比差异极显著(P<0.01);中药组合物高、中、低剂量组雏鸡血液中IgG含量升高,与模型组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),与空白组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。
8、中药组合物对雏鸡感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌病后盲肠组织的影响
试验结束后,随机选取各组雏鸡,采用石蜡组织切片法观察盲肠组织的显微形态,比较各组雏鸡盲肠组织形态结构的变化和细胞病变情况。结果显示,空白组雏鸡盲肠黏膜上皮、固有层皆完整,细胞结构完整,杯状细胞、柱状细胞排列整齐;模型组雏鸡盲肠粘膜层严重脱落,未见肠道上皮细胞,与空白组比较有明显病理变化;阳性药物组和中药组合物高、中剂量组雏鸡盲肠黏膜上皮、固有层皆完整,细胞结构完整,杯状细胞、柱状细胞排列整齐;中药组合物低剂量组雏鸡盲肠黏膜层有轻微脱落,柱状细胞的细胞核浓缩、细胞质水泡变性。
9、中药组合物对雏鸡感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌病后盲肠组织中SIgA含量的影响
试验结束后,随机选取各组雏鸡,取盲肠组织匀浆,离心取上清液,用鸡SIgA试剂盒检测盲肠组织中SIgA的含量。结果见表10,模型组雏鸡盲肠组织中SIgA含量降低,与空白组相比差异极显著(P<0.01);中药组合物高、中、低剂量组雏鸡盲肠组织中SIgA含量升高,与模型组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),与空白组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。
综合上述试验结果可以看出,本发明的中药组合物能够抑制鸡白痢沙门氏菌的生长,能够将鸡白痢沙门氏菌病感染动物的淋巴细胞和红细胞的数量调控至正常水平,能够将IL-2、免疫球蛋白IgM与IgG、分泌型免疫球蛋白slgA的含量调控至正常水平,还能够阻止鸡白痢沙门氏菌侵袭肠道组织引起的肠黏膜层脱落,说明本发明的中药组合物能够抑制鸡白痢沙门氏菌的生长,增强鸡的免疫力,预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过参照本发明的优选实施例已经对本发明进行了描述,但本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋8-29份,白头翁1-28份,苍术4-26份,陈皮2-13份,五倍子9-30份,白芍6-29份和厚朴3-15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋11份,白头翁1份,苍术4 份,陈皮6份,五倍子28份,白芍29份和厚朴9份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋28份,白头翁11份,苍术13 份,陈皮4份,五倍子29份,白芍9份和厚朴6份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋8份,白头翁12份,苍术17份,陈皮10份,五倍子26份,白芍7份和厚朴15份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋14份,白头翁21份,苍术22份,陈皮2份,五倍子30份,白芍20份和厚朴3份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋25份,白头翁22份,苍术26 份,陈皮8份,五倍子27份,白芍18份和厚朴12份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份计由以下组分组成:马齿苋29份,白头翁28份,苍术19 份,陈皮13份,五倍子9份,白芍6份和厚朴4份。
8.由权利要求1至7任一项所述的预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物制成的提取液。
9.如权利要求8所述的由预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物制成的提取液,其特征在于,所述提取液为水提液。
10.由权利要求1至7任一项所述的预防和治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物制成的中药制剂。
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