CN106420854A - 一种藜麦炮制工艺 - Google Patents
一种藜麦炮制工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106420854A CN106420854A CN201610779206.8A CN201610779206A CN106420854A CN 106420854 A CN106420854 A CN 106420854A CN 201610779206 A CN201610779206 A CN 201610779206A CN 106420854 A CN106420854 A CN 106420854A
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- Prior art keywords
- quinoa
- chenopodium quinoa
- quinoa willd
- solution
- dried
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种藜麦炮制工艺,包括以下步骤:(1)净制;(2)预处理:将净制后的藜麦置于50‑60℃干燥5‑6h;(3)发汗:将干燥后的藜麦密闭堆置,并在藜麦上覆盖2‑3层纱布保湿,密闭堆置温度为20‑30℃,堆置时间为24‑72h,平铺厚度为0.1‑0.3m;(4)晾晒。采用该工艺处理后的藜麦中黄酮含量高达82.4mg/g,羟自由基清除率为95.1%,对“三高”症状起到更好的调节作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于藜麦加工技术领域,具体涉及一种藜麦炮制工艺。
背景技术
藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa willd),原产于南美洲安第斯山区,是印加土著居民的主要传统食物,有5000-7000年的种植历史,在上世纪80年代,藜麦被美国宇航局用于宇航员的太空食品。联合国粮农组织认为藜麦是唯一一种单体植物即可满足人体基本营养需求的食物。藜麦籽粒蛋白质含量在7%-22%,氨基酸组成均衡且接近牛奶酪蛋白,必需氨基酸比例比普通谷物高,尤其是赖氨酸、组氨酸与蛋氨酸含量。藜麦淀粉含量范围约为38%-71%,支链淀粉所占比例比直链淀粉高。藜麦籽粒脂类含量约为1.8%-9.3%,不饱和脂肪酸含量高。藜麦籽粒中微量元素、维生素,特别是抗细胞衰老、氧化功能较强的维生素E含量是一般谷物的4-5倍,维生素B族与维生素C含量也很丰富。此外,藜麦还含有丰富的类黄酮物质,主要包括芦丁、槲皮素、异槲皮素和山奈酚等,有助于血液循环,软化血管,可明显促进糖脂代谢,胰岛素分泌,对糖尿病有很好的疗效"藜麦黄酮具有抗氧化,抗癌及防癌,降压及降血脂,改善微循环,抑菌,消炎等功效,是极具开发前景的天然有机抗氧化剂。
但目前,藜麦的价值体现在:用于制备茶、饮料、面、奶茶、酒等加工食品,主要将藜麦去壳磨成粉后使用,但其活性成分并没有充分发挥出来,对藜麦的炮制工艺研究较少。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明提供一种藜麦炮制工艺,以解决藜麦活性成分尤其是黄酮不能充分发挥的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种藜麦炮制工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)净制:将新鲜藜麦去壳除杂;
(2)预处理:将净制后的藜麦置于50-60℃干燥5-6h;
(3)发汗:将干燥后的藜麦密闭堆置,并在藜麦上覆盖2-3层纱布保湿;其中密闭堆置温度为20-30℃,堆置时间为24-72h,平铺厚度为0.1-0.3m;
(4)晾晒:将发汗后的藜麦摊开,在阴凉处冷却至室温。
进一步地,步骤(2)中干燥温度为50℃,干燥时间为5h。
进一步地,步骤(3)中堆置温度为25℃,堆置时间为24h,平铺厚度为0.3m。
通过上述炮制工艺制得的藜麦。
本发明提供的一种藜麦炮制工艺,具有以下有益效果:
“发汗”是一种常见的中药材或农作物初加工技术,即将新鲜药材堆积起来或用微火烘至半干或微蒸煮后再堆积起来,至其内部水分外溢,挂在药材或农作物表面,看似人体“发汗”。“发汗”会影响药材或农作物中酶的活性,酶活性的改变会引起相应化学成分含量的变化,从而影响药物或农作物的营养或药用价值,但不同的发汗工艺对物质的影响很大,本发明中密闭堆置发汗可使藜麦内部的水分外溢,有利于藜麦从内到外整体干燥,而不是外干内湿,在藜麦发汗过程中,藜麦的某些成分也会发生变化,发汗后的藜麦中黄酮含量和羟自由基清除率也会提高,其黄酮含量高达82.4mg/g,羟自由基清除率为95.1%。
附图说明
图1为苦丁对照品标准曲线图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种藜麦炮制工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)净制:将新鲜藜麦去壳除杂;
(2)预处理:将净制后的藜麦置于50℃干燥5h,使其表面干燥;
(3)发汗:将干燥后的藜麦密闭堆置,并在藜麦上覆盖2-3层纱布保湿;其中密闭堆置温度为25℃,堆置24h,藜麦平铺厚度为0.3m;此发汗步骤会影响藜麦成分中过氧化物酶的改变,过氧化物酶的增加会使得清除自由基的能力加强,同时还会增加藜麦中的黄酮含量,增加其药用价值;
(4)晾晒:将发汗后的藜麦摊开,在阴凉处冷却至室温。将藜麦去壳后经风选机吹净杂质作为对照组。
实施例2
一种藜麦炮制工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)净制:将新鲜藜麦去壳除杂;
(2)预处理:将净制后的藜麦置于50℃干燥5h,使其表面干燥;
(3)发汗:将干燥后的藜麦密闭堆置,并在藜麦上覆盖2-3层纱布保湿;其中密闭堆置温度为20℃,堆置72h,藜麦平铺厚度为0.3m;
(4)晾晒:将发汗后的藜麦摊开,在阴凉处冷却至室温。实施例3
一种藜麦炮制工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)净制:将新鲜藜麦去壳除杂;
(2)预处理:将净制后的藜麦置于60℃干燥6h,使其表面干燥;
(3)发汗:将干燥后的藜麦密闭堆置,并在藜麦上覆盖2-3层纱布保湿;其中密闭堆置温度为30℃,堆置72h,藜麦平铺厚度为0.1m;
(4)晾晒:将发汗后的藜麦摊开,在阴凉处冷却至室温。实验例1炮制后的藜麦中黄酮含量的测定
1、芦丁标准溶液的制备
取经105℃干燥至恒重的芦丁12.30mg,置50mL容量瓶中,加蒸馏水定容,摇匀,即得芦丁标准溶液(芦丁对照品)。
2、最大吸收波长的确定
用移液枪吸取芦丁标准溶液1.0mL置于25mL容量瓶中,然后加入5%的亚硝酸钠溶液1.0mL,摇匀后放置5min,接着加入10%的硝酸铝溶液1.0mL,摇匀后放置5min,再加入4%的氢氧化钠溶液10.0mL,最后加70%的乙醇定容,混匀,静置15min,以不加芦丁标准溶液为空白对照,在200nm-900nm波长范围内扫描,选择吸收度值最大时的波长510nm为芦丁标准溶液的最大特征吸收波长。
3、标准曲线的绘制
用移液枪精密吸取芦丁标准溶液1.0mL、2.0mL、3.0mL、4.0mL、5.0mL、6.0mL分别置于25mL容量瓶中,然后加入5%的亚硝酸钠溶液1.0mL,摇匀后放置5min,接着加入10%的硝酸铝溶液1.0mL,摇匀后放置5min,再加入4%的氢氧化钠溶液10.0mL,最后加70%的乙醇定容,混匀,静置15min,在510nm处测定各个标准品溶液的吸光度,以吸光度Y为纵坐标,浓度X(μg/mL)为横坐标,绘制标准曲线。芦丁对照品不同浓度与吸光度的关系见表1。
表1芦丁对照品浓度与吸光度
由表1可制得标准曲线,标准曲线为Y=0.0228X+0.0491,R2=0.9991,见图1。
4、样品的测定
将炮制后的藜麦粉碎,取粉末1g于100mL锥形瓶中,加入20mL 70%的乙醇溶液,用保鲜膜封好,摇匀,静置0.5h,然后超声提取30min,提取2次后减压抽滤2次,合并滤液,取1mL滤液置于25mL容量瓶中,然后加入5%的亚硝酸钠溶液1.0mL,摇匀后放置5min,接着加入10%的硝酸铝溶液1.0mL,摇匀后放置5min,再加入4%的氢氧化钠溶液10.0mL,最后加70%的乙醇定容,混匀,静置15min,得样品溶液,然后在510nm处测定样品的吸光度,代入标准曲线方程(Y=0.0228X+0.0491),计算出炮制后的藜麦中黄酮含量,结果见表2。
对照组与本发明样品操作步骤一样。
实验例2炮制后的藜麦清除羟自由基的抗氧化活性实验
实验原理:利用Fenton反应产生羟自由基,羟自由基与二甲亚砜反应生成甲醛,甲醛再经2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生后生产相应的腙(HCHO-DNPH),通过高效液相色谱法分析反应体系中加或待测样品时HCHO-DNPH峰面积的变化,测得样品对羟自由基的清除率,以此来衡量样品的抗氧化活性。
一、溶液配置
1、对照品溶液的制备:称取适量37%甲醛,加蒸馏水将其制成332.7nmol/L的溶液即对照品溶液。
2、2,4-二硝基苯肼溶液的制备:称取适量的2,4-二硝基苯肼,添加乙腈将其制成10.0mmol/L的溶液即2,4-二硝基苯肼溶液。
3、Fe2+溶液的制备:称取适量的FeSO4·7H2O,添加蒸馏水将其制成2.0mmol/L的溶液即Fe2+溶液。
4、过氧化氢溶液的制备:称取适量30%过氧化氢,加蒸馏水将其制成107.7nmol/L的溶液即过氧化氢溶液。
5、二甲亚砜溶液的制备:称取适量二甲亚砜,加蒸馏水将其制成225.2nmol/L的溶液即二甲亚砜溶液。
6、待测样品溶液的制备:将炮制后的藜麦粉碎,取藜麦粉20mg于100mL容量瓶中,加乙腈溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,精密量取5mL于10mL容量瓶中,加蒸馏水稀释至刻度,摇匀,制得。
二、色谱条件
色谱柱:十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶柱Diamonsil C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);
流动相:乙腈-水(65:35);
检测波长:365nm;
流速:0.8mL/min;
进样量:20μL。
三、测定方法
取甲醛对照品溶液1.0mL于具塞试管中,然后添加2,4-二硝基苯肼溶液0.1mL,置于60℃水浴中反应20min后取出,冰浴冷却,然后加乙腈定容至5.0mL,摇匀,精密吸取1.0mL,注入液相色谱仪,测定HCHO-DNPH峰的保留时间,确定峰位置。
取待测样品溶液1.0mL,分别添加二甲亚砜溶液、Fe2+溶液、过氧化氢溶液各1.0mL,摇匀,置37℃水浴中反应30min后取出,再添加2,4-二硝基苯肼溶液0.5mL,置于60℃水浴中反应20min后取出,冰浴冷却,然后加乙腈定容至5.0mL,摇匀,精密吸取20μL,注入液相色谱仪,测定HCHO-DNPH峰面积(A1);另不添加待测样品溶液,其余操作同上,测定HCHO-DNPH峰面积(A2),根据下列公式计算羟自由基清除率,结果见表2。
羟自由基清除率(%)=(A2-A1)/A2×100%。
取对照组的藜麦粉20mg于100mL容量瓶中,加乙腈溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,精密量取5mL于10mL容量瓶中,加蒸馏水稀释至刻度,摇匀,然后取1.0mL,剩余操作同上,测定并计算其羟自由基清除率,作为对照。
将对照组中对藜麦的处理换为苦荞,作为对照组2。
表2黄酮含量和羟自由基清除率
实验例3
长期服用未经炮制处理的藜麦的高血糖、高血压、高血脂患者,其症状改善不明显,服用本发明制备的藜麦,对高血糖、高血压、高血脂患者进行调理,效果比较显著,调理过程如下:
患者1:男,39岁,有中度高血压,购买降血压的药物,服用后血压降低,但后期还会复发,服用该产品(实施例1)2-3个月后,血压有所降低,服用6个月后,血压明显降低,半年内没有回升。
患者2:女,43岁,血糖含量较高,购买降血糖的药物,服用后血糖含量降低,但后期还会复发,经服用该产品(实施例1)2-3个月后,检验其血糖含量有所降低,服用6个月后,血糖含量明显降低,半年内没有回升。
患者3:女,51岁,血脂含量较高,服用该产品(实施例3)2-33个月后,血脂含量有所降低,服用6个月后,血脂含量明显降低。
Claims (4)
1.一种藜麦炮制工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)净制:将新鲜藜麦去壳除杂;
(2)预处理:将净制后的藜麦置于50-60℃干燥5-6h;
(3)发汗:将干燥后的藜麦密闭堆置,并在藜麦上覆盖2-3层纱布保湿;其中密闭堆置温度为20-30℃,堆置时间为24-72h,平铺厚度为0.1-0.3m;
(4)晾晒:将发汗后的藜麦摊开,在阴凉处冷却至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的藜麦炮制工艺,其特征在于,步骤(2)中干燥温度为50℃,干燥时间为5h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的藜麦炮制工艺,其特征在于,步骤(3)中堆置温度为25℃,堆置时间为24h,平铺厚度为0.3m。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项炮制工艺制得的藜麦。
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CN108634086A (zh) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-10-12 | 成都大学 | 一种藜麦冰淇淋及其制备方法 |
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CN107439879B (zh) * | 2017-08-23 | 2020-11-10 | 成都大学 | 藜麦青汁饮品的加工方法 |
CN108634086A (zh) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-10-12 | 成都大学 | 一种藜麦冰淇淋及其制备方法 |
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