CN106414902B - 用于涡轮机中的叶轮和轮叶的热管温度管理系统 - Google Patents
用于涡轮机中的叶轮和轮叶的热管温度管理系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106414902B CN106414902B CN201580018279.9A CN201580018279A CN106414902B CN 106414902 B CN106414902 B CN 106414902B CN 201580018279 A CN201580018279 A CN 201580018279A CN 106414902 B CN106414902 B CN 106414902B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- heat pipe
- alloy
- compressor
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001188 F alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000979 O alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NMLQNVRHVSWEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].[K] Chemical compound [Cl].[K] NMLQNVRHVSWEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XJUDXRXKBMGKAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].[Mn] Chemical compound [Cl].[Mn] XJUDXRXKBMGKAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KJLLNFQBFKXZFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].[Rb] Chemical compound [Cl].[Rb] KJLLNFQBFKXZFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QDIYZGWZTHZFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].[K] Chemical compound [F].[K] QDIYZGWZTHZFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JZJNHPJBZWEHPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].[Na] Chemical compound [F].[Na] JZJNHPJBZWEHPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NOJZFGZMTUAHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Cl] Chemical compound [Li].[Cl] NOJZFGZMTUAHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HMPRYWSTSPTPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[F] Chemical compound [Li].[F] HMPRYWSTSPTPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NAWWHQXEEIDHFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[F].[B] Chemical compound [Na].[F].[B] NAWWHQXEEIDHFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MGLJNWAPJNCNCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[N].[K] Chemical compound [O].[N].[K] MGLJNWAPJNCNCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PYVOUHDMDWNLFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[N].[Na] Chemical compound [O].[N].[Na] PYVOUHDMDWNLFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KMKSSVCAQRUWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rb].[F] Chemical compound [Rb].[F] KMKSSVCAQRUWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FRHOZLBTKXGMDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr].[F] Chemical compound [Zr].[F] FRHOZLBTKXGMDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 dichromic acid free radical Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMMUKUYEPRGBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichromic acid Chemical compound O[Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr](O)(=O)=O CMMUKUYEPRGBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FCSCTLGIPUOGOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilver;oxido-(oxido(dioxo)chromio)oxy-dioxochromium Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O FCSCTLGIPUOGOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- YFDWDAIVRZETEB-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy-(hydroxy(dioxo)chromio)oxy-dioxochromium manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Cr](=O)(=O)(O)O[Cr](=O)(=O)O YFDWDAIVRZETEB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003450 rhodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NVKTUNLPFJHLCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium chromate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NVKTUNLPFJHLCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
- F01D25/125—Cooling of bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
- F01D5/081—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades
- F01D5/082—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades on the side of the rotor disc
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
- F01D5/085—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means cooling fluid circulating inside the rotor
- F01D5/088—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means cooling fluid circulating inside the rotor in a closed cavity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
- F01D5/181—Blades having a closed internal cavity containing a cooling medium, e.g. sodium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/06—Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
- F01D9/065—Fluid supply or removal conduits traversing the working fluid flow, e.g. for lubrication-, cooling-, or sealing fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/06—Arrangements of bearings; Lubricating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
- F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
- F02C7/143—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
- F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
- F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
- F02C7/185—Cooling means for reducing the temperature of the cooling air or gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
- F02C7/224—Heating fuel before feeding to the burner
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0275—Arrangements for coupling heat-pipes together or with other structures, e.g. with base blocks; Heat pipe cores
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F23/00—Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/208—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling using heat pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/213—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by the provision of a heat exchanger within the cooling circuit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
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Abstract
一种涡轮机包括构造成压缩在进气部分处接收的空气以形成压缩空气流的压缩机(110)，压缩空气流排出到出口部分中。燃烧器(120)与压缩机可操作地连接，且接收压缩空气流。涡轮(130)与燃烧器可操作地连接，且接收燃烧气流。涡轮具有多个叶轮(131)和多个轮叶(132)。涡轮接收压缩机放出空气以冷却叶轮和轮叶。冷却系统可操作地连接至涡轮。冷却系统包括沿轴向位于叶轮中的至少一个的上游的多个热管(260)。该多个热管可操作地连接至轴承冷却器系统(370)。热管和轴承冷却器系统构造成从压缩机放出空气向一个或多个热交换器(390)传递热。
Description
本发明的背景
本发明的示例性实施例涉及涡轮机领域，并且更具体地涉及用于涡轮机中的叶轮和轮叶的热管温度管理系统。
涡轮机包括可操作地连接至涡轮的压缩机，涡轮继而又驱动另一个机器，诸如发电机。压缩机压缩进入的空气流，其输送至燃烧器以与燃料混合且点燃以形成高温高压的燃烧产物。高温高压的燃烧产物用于驱动涡轮。由于燃烧产物的高温，燃气涡轮叶轮和轮叶需要冷却。已知的材料具有其限制，且冷却允许叶轮和轮叶在这些高温下操作。这种冷却最常见是利用从压缩机获取的空气实现且较不常见利用蒸汽。然而，压缩机空气冷却的负面属性是循环输出能力和效率的降低，而蒸汽冷却的负面属性包括由于复杂性的额外构件成本。因此，存在对于替代的叶轮和轮叶冷却方法的需要。
本发明的简要描述
在本发明的一个方面，一种涡轮机包括压缩机，其构造成压缩在进气部分处接收的空气以形成压缩空气流，压缩空气流排出到出口部分中。燃烧器与压缩机可操作地连接，且燃烧器接收压缩空气流。涡轮与燃烧器可操作地连接。涡轮接收来自燃烧器的燃烧气流。涡轮具有多个叶轮和多个轮叶。涡轮接收压缩机放出空气来冷却该多个叶轮的至少一部分和该多个轮叶的至少一部分。冷却系统可操作地连接至涡轮。冷却系统包括沿轴向位于该多个叶轮中的至少一个的上游的多个热管。该多个热管可操作地连接至轴承冷却器系统。该多个热管和轴承冷却器系统构造成从压缩机放出空气向一个或多个热交换器传递热。
在本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种用于涡轮机的温度管理系统。涡轮机包括压缩机，其构造成压缩在进气部分处接收的空气以形成压缩空气流，压缩空气流排出到出口部分中。燃烧器与压缩机可操作地连接，且燃烧器接收压缩空气流。涡轮与燃烧器可操作地连接，且涡轮接收来自燃烧器的燃烧气流。涡轮具有多个叶轮和多个轮叶。涡轮从压缩机接收压缩机放出空气来冷却多个叶轮中的至少一部分。温度管理系统包括沿轴向位于该多个叶轮中的至少一个的上游的多个热管。该多个热管可操作地连接至轴承冷却器系统。该多个热管和轴承冷却器系统构造成从压缩机放出空气向一个或多个热交换器传递热。
在本发明的还有另一个方面，提供了一种从涡轮机传递热的方法。该方法包括使空气流经过压缩机的经过步骤。压缩机作用在空气流上以产生压缩空气流，且压缩空气流的一部分传送至向涡轮叶轮引导的压缩机放出空气流。获取步骤通过热传导热至多个热管来从压缩机放出空气流获取热。该多个热管与一个或多个热交换器热连通。传导步骤从该多个热管向轴承传导热。轴承具有润滑油，且润滑油向润滑油冷却器传递热。压缩机放出空气流由该多个热管冷却。
附图的简要描述
图1示出了涡轮机的简化示意图。
图2示出了根据本发明的方面的穿过涡轮机的一部分的局部示意性轴向截面视图。
图3示出了根据本发明的方面的穿过涡轮机的一部分的局部示意性轴向截面视图。
图4示出了根据本发明的方面的冷却系统的截面视图。
图5示出了根据本发明的方面的圆形或圆柱形热管的截面形状。
图6示出了根据本发明的方面的椭圆形热管的截面形状。
图7示出了根据本发明的方面的多边形热管的截面形状。
图8示出了根据本发明的方面的带圆角矩形的热管的截面形状。
图9示出了根据本发明的方面的具有多个翼片的圆形或圆柱形热管的截面形状。
图10示出了根据本发明的方面的冷却和热管理系统的示意性展示。
图11示出了根据本发明的方面的用于冷却压缩机放出空气流的方法。
本发明的详细描述
下文将描述本发明的一个或多个特定方面/实施例。在致力于提供这些方面/实施例的简要描述中，可不在说明书中描述实际实现方式的所有特征。应当认识到，在任何这样的实际实现方式的开发中，如在任何工程或设计项目中那样，必须作出许多实现方式特定的决定来达到开发者的例如符合机器相关、系统相关及商业相关的约束的特定目的，其可从一个实现方式变化到另一个实现方式。此外，应当认识到，这样的开发努力可能是复杂和耗时的，但对那些具有本公开内容的益处的普通技术人员来说，这种开发工作将不过是设计、生产和制造的例行任务。
当介绍本发明的各种实施例的元件时，冠词“一个”、“一种”和“该”意在表示存在一个或多个元件。用语“包括”、“包含”和“具有”意在为包含性的，且表示可存在除所列元件之外的额外元件。操作参数和/或环境条件的任何示例并不排除公开的实施例的其它参数/条件。此外，应当理解的是，提到的本发明的“一个实施例”、“一个方面”或“实施例”或“方面”不意在理解为排除也包括所述特征的另外的实施例或方面的存在。
图1示出了涡轮机100的简化图。涡轮机包括可操作地连接至燃烧器120的压缩机110，且燃烧器120可操作地连接至涡轮130。涡轮的排气可操作地连接至余热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)140。HRSG 140生成被引导到蒸汽涡轮150中的蒸汽。在该示例中，所有独立涡轮机以单轴构造配置，且轴160驱动发电机170。将理解的是，用语涡轮机包括压缩机、涡轮或其组合。
图2是根据本发明的方面的穿过涡轮机的一部分的局部示意性轴向截面视图。涡轮机100包括具有进气部分202和出口部分204的压缩机110。压缩机压缩在进气部分202处接收的空气且形成压缩空气流，其从出口部分204排出/排到出口部分204中。燃烧器120与压缩机110可操作地连接，且燃烧器120接收压缩空气流。涡轮130与燃烧器120可操作地连接，且涡轮130从燃烧器120接收燃烧气流。涡轮还包括附接至多个叶轮131的多个轮叶132，以及多个喷嘴134。用语“轮叶”和“叶片”可互换使用，且理解为表示燃气涡轮中的旋转元件。
涡轮机的涡轮130使用从压缩机110获取的空气来将热的金属构件冷却至构件基础金属性质可忍受的温度。涡轮旋转构件(例如，叶轮131和轮叶132)经由内部通路冷却，同时静止构件(例如，喷嘴134)经由外部通路冷却。由于外部通路更易接近，故本领域中已知用于增进静止构件的冷却的若干方法。旋转构件可通过压缩机放出的空气冷却。该压缩机放出空气经由管道240传送至旋转构件(即，叶轮131和轮叶132)。放出空气在叶轮131上经过且穿过轮叶132，从而经由对流热传递来冷却构件。
然而，如果冷却空气的温度降低，则该冷却(或温度管理)过程可改善。根据本发明，冷却系统250包括多个热管260，其沿轴向位于多个叶轮131中的至少一个的上游。作为一个示例，多个热管260可在叶轮131的上游侧周围沿周向定位或配置。热管可附连至转子筒冷却室136的内部。热管260经由线路262可操作地连接至轴承冷却器系统270。线路262也可为热管。轴承冷却器系统270冷却轴承280(有时称作轴承#2)和与轴承280相关联的润滑油。热管260、262和轴承冷却器系统270构造成从压缩机放出空气(从管道240排出)向一个或多个热交换器290传递热。
图3是根据本发明的方面的穿过涡轮机的一部分的局部示意性轴向截面视图。冷却系统350包括多个热管260，其沿轴向位于多个叶轮131中的至少一个的上游。热管260经由线路362可操作地连接至轴承冷却器系统370。线路362也可为热管。轴承冷却器系统370冷却轴承380(有时称作轴承#1)和与轴承380相关联的润滑油。热管260、362和轴承冷却器系统370构造成从压缩机放出空气(从管道240排出)向一个或多个热交换器390传递热。
热管260、262包括热传递介质，其可为液态金属、熔盐或Qu材料。仅作为示例，热传递介质可为以下项中的一者或组合：铝、铍、铍-氟合金、硼、钙、铯、钴、铅-铋合金、液态金属、锂-氯合金、锂-氟合金、锰、锰-氯合金、汞、熔盐、钾、钾-氯合金、钾-氟合金、钾-氮-氧合金、铑、铷-氯合金、铷-氟合金、钠、钠-氯合金、钠-氟合金、钠-硼-氟合金、钠-氮-氧合金、锶、锡、锆-氟合金。作为一个特定示例，热传递介质可为包括钾、钠或铯的熔盐。热管260、262的外部可由能够用于高导热性、高强度和对来自热传递介质的腐蚀的高抵抗性的多个目的的任何适合的材料制成。
热管260、262也可由具有很高导热性的“Qu材料”形成。Qu材料可为设在热管的内表面上的多层涂层的形式。例如，固态热传递介质可在三个基础层中施加到内壁。头两层由暴露于热管的内壁的溶液制备。首先，第一层(其主要包括离子形式的钠、铍、诸如锰或铝的金属、钙、硼和重铬酸自由基的各种组合)吸收到内壁中达到0.008mm至0.012mm的深度。随后，第二层(其主要包括离子形式的钴、锰、铍、锶、铑、铜、B-钛、钾、硼、钙、诸如铝的金属和重铬酸自由基的各种组合)累积在第一层的顶部上，且在热管的内壁上形成具有0.008mm至0.012mm的厚度的膜。最后，第三层为粉末，其包括以下项的各种组合：氧化铑、重铬酸钾、氧化镭、重铬酸钠、重铬酸银、单晶硅、氧化铍、铬酸锶、氧化硼、B-钛和诸如重铬酸锰或重铬酸铝的金属重铬酸盐，它们自身越过内壁均匀地分配。这三层施加到热管，且然后热极化以形成超导热管，其在很少或没有净热损失的情况下传递热能。
图4示出了根据本发明的另一个方面的冷却系统250的截面视图和示意图。热管260位于转子筒冷却室136中。热管262(其连接至热管260)延伸到轴承280和/或热交换器290且与轴承280和/或热交换器290热连通。热管260围绕转子筒冷却室136沿周向配置。来自压缩机释放的放出空气的热从热管260、262向轴承280和热交换器290传递。
图5示出了根据本发明的方面的圆形或圆柱形热管260的截面形状。圆柱形热管容易利用常规工具制造和安装。图6示出了根据本发明的方面的椭圆形热管660的截面形状。椭圆形热管660相比于圆柱形热管可具有改善的热传递特性。图7示出了根据本发明的方面的多边形热管760的截面形状。多边形形状可包括矩形、六边形、方形或任何其它适合的多边形形状。图8示出了带圆角矩形的热管860的截面形状。由于增大的表面面积，带圆角矩形的形状可具有优于椭圆形热管660的改善的热传递特性。图9示出了根据本发明的方面的带有多个翼片963的圆形或圆柱形热管960的截面形状。翼片963构造成增大热管的热传递能力，可如图所示沿轴向或沿径向配置，且可包括具有高导热性的材料，诸如铜或铝。
图10示出了根据本发明的方面的冷却和热管理系统1000的示意性展示。压缩机放出空气被排出管道240且冲击在叶轮131上。空气也可行进穿过轮叶132。来自放出空气的热由热管260、262吸收且传导或传递到轴承280。轴承润滑油1010从轴承和热管262吸收热，且润滑油冷却器/热交换器1020将吸收的热传递到热传递介质1022，诸如环境空气或水。往回参照图2至图4，热交换器290、390可包括轴承280、油1010和/或热交换器1020中的一些或全部。
图11示出了用于冷却压缩机放出空气流的方法1100。该方法包括使空气流经过压缩机110的步骤1110。压缩空气流的一部分传送至经由管道240向涡轮叶轮131引导的压缩机放出空气流。获取步骤1120通过热传导热至多个热管260、262来从压缩机放出空气流获取热。热管260、262可包括熔盐热传递介质，诸如钾、钠、铯、液态金属或其组合。热管260、262与一个或多个轴承280、380和一个或多个热交换器290、390热连通。传导步骤1130从热管260、262向轴承传导热。压缩机放出空气流在步骤1140中冷却。
本发明的冷却和温度管理系统提供若干优点。涡轮区段轮叶和叶轮可由于较冷压缩机放出空气流而具有改善的寿命。对压缩机放出空气的需要也减少，且压缩空气可重新引导到燃烧器中以用于改善的效率。
该书面描述使用示例来公开本发明，包括最佳模式，并且还使本领域技术人员能够实践本发明，包括制造和使用任何装置或系统以及执行任何包含的方法。本发明可申请专利的范围由权利要求限定，并且可包括本领域技术人员想到的其它示例。如果这些其它示例具有不与权利要求的字面语言不同的结构要素，或者如果它们包括与权利要求的字面语言无实质差异的等同结构要素，则意在使这些其它示例处于权利要求的范围内。
Claims (20)
1.一种涡轮机，包括：
压缩机，其构造成压缩在进气部分处接收的空气以形成压缩空气流，所述压缩空气流排出到出口部分中；
与所述压缩机可操作地连接的燃烧器，所述燃烧器接收所述压缩空气流；
与所述燃烧器可操作地连接的涡轮，所述涡轮接收来自所述燃烧器的燃烧气流，所述涡轮具有多个叶轮和多个轮叶，所述涡轮接收压缩机放出空气以冷却所述多个叶轮的至少一部分和所述多个轮叶的至少一部分；以及
可操作地连接至所述涡轮的冷却系统，所述冷却系统包括沿轴向位于所述多个叶轮中的至少一个的上游的多个热管，所述多个热管可操作地连接至轴承冷却器系统，所述多个热管和所述轴承冷却器系统构造成从所述压缩机放出空气向一个或多个热交换器传递热。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其特征在于，所述多个热管还包括热传递介质，所述热传递介质包括以下项中的一者或组合：
铝、铍、铍-氟合金、硼、钙、铯、钴、铅-铋合金、液态金属、锂-氯合金、锂-氟合金、锰、锰-氯合金、汞、熔盐、钾、钾-氯合金、钾-氟合金、钾-氮-氧合金、铑、铷-氯合金、铷-氟合金、钠、钠-氯合金、钠-氟合金、钠-硼-氟合金、钠-氮-氧合金、锶、锡、锆-氟合金。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其特征在于，所述多个热管还包括熔盐热传递介质，所述熔盐热传递介质包括钾、钠或铯中的一者或组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其特征在于，所述多个热管沿轴向位于第一级涡轮叶轮的上游。
5.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其特征在于，所述多个热管沿轴向位于第一级涡轮叶轮的上游且沿周向围绕第一级转子叶轮。
6.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其特征在于，所述轴承冷却器系统还包括轴承润滑油和润滑油冷却器，所述润滑油冷却器包括构造成冷却所述轴承润滑油的热交换器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的涡轮机，其特征在于，所述轴承冷却器系统定位得：
沿轴向在所述涡轮的下游；或
沿轴向在所述涡轮的上游。
8.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其特征在于，所述多个热管具有一定的截面形状，所述截面形状包括以下项中的至少一者：
圆形、椭圆形、带圆角的矩形，或多边形；或
多个翼片，所述多个翼片构造成增大所述多个热管的热传递能力。
9.一种用于涡轮机的温度管理系统，所述涡轮机包括：压缩机，其构造成压缩在进气部分处接收的空气以形成压缩空气流，所述压缩空气流排出到出口部分中，与所述压缩机可操作地连接的燃烧器，所述燃烧器接收所述压缩空气流，以及与所述燃烧器可操作地连接的涡轮，所述涡轮接收来自所述燃烧器的燃烧气流，所述涡轮具有多个叶轮和多个轮叶，所述涡轮从所述压缩机接收压缩机放出空气以冷却所述多个叶轮的至少一部分，所述温度管理系统包括：
沿轴向位于所述多个叶轮中的至少一个的上游的多个热管，所述多个热管可操作地连接至轴承冷却器系统，所述多个热管和所述轴承冷却器系统构造成从所述压缩机放出空气向一个或多个热交换器传递热。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，所述多个热管还包括热传递介质，所述热传递介质包括以下项中的一者或组合：
铝、铍、铍-氟合金、硼、钙、铯、钴、铅-铋合金、液态金属、锂-氯合金、锂-氟合金、锰、锰-氯合金、汞、熔盐、钾、钾-氯合金、钾-氟合金、钾-氮-氧合金、铑、铷-氯合金、铷-氟合金、钠、钠-氯合金、钠-氟合金、钠-硼-氟合金、钠-氮-氧合金、锶、锡、锆-氟合金。
11.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，所述多个热管还包括熔盐热传递介质，所述熔盐热传递介质包括钾、钠或铯中的一者或组合。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述多个热管沿轴向位于第一级涡轮叶轮的上游。
13.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述多个热管沿轴向位于第一级涡轮叶轮的上游且沿周向围绕第一级转子叶轮。
14.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于，所述轴承冷却器系统还包括轴承润滑油和润滑油冷却器，所述润滑油冷却器包括构造成冷却所述轴承润滑油的热交换器。
15.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其特征在于，所述轴承冷却器系统定位得：
沿轴向在所述涡轮的下游；或
沿轴向在所述涡轮的上游。
16.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其特征在于，所述多个热管具有一定的截面形状，所述截面形状包括以下项中的至少一者：
圆形、椭圆形、带圆角的矩形，或多边形；或
多个翼片，所述多个翼片构造成增大所述多个热管的热传递能力。
17.一种从涡轮机传递热的方法，所述方法包括：
使空气流经过压缩机，所述压缩机作用于所述空气流上以产生压缩空气流，所述压缩空气流的一部分传送至向涡轮叶轮引导的压缩机放出空气流；
通过热传导热至多个热管来从所述压缩机放出空气流获取热，所述多个热管与一个或多个热交换器热连通；
从所述多个热管向轴承传导热，所述轴承具有润滑油，所述润滑油向润滑油冷却器传递热；且
其中所述压缩机放出空气流由所述多个热管冷却。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个热管还包括熔盐热传递介质，所述熔盐热传递介质包括钾、钠或铯中的一者或组合。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个热管沿轴向位于第一级涡轮叶轮的上游。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述轴承定位得：
沿轴向在所述涡轮的下游；或
沿轴向在所述涡轮的上游。
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| PCT/US2015/024128 WO2016160023A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 | 2015-04-02 | Heat pipe temperature management system for wheels and buckets in a turbomachine |
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| CN112796843B (zh) * | 2021-01-21 | 2022-04-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | 低熔点金属作为流动工质的涡轮导向器叶片冷却装置 |
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| EP3277940B1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
| JP6585073B2 (ja) | 2019-10-02 |
| JP2018515705A (ja) | 2018-06-14 |
| US10598094B2 (en) | 2020-03-24 |
| WO2016160023A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
| EP3277940A1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
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