CN106405728A - 一种掺稀土双包层光纤及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种掺稀土双包层光纤及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106405728A
CN106405728A CN201610895210.0A CN201610895210A CN106405728A CN 106405728 A CN106405728 A CN 106405728A CN 201610895210 A CN201610895210 A CN 201610895210A CN 106405728 A CN106405728 A CN 106405728A
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optical fiber
inner cladding
rare earth
doubly clad
clad optical
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CN106405728B (zh
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杨玉诚
曹蓓蓓
张心贲
黄宏祺
王鹏
岳天勇
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Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于光纤制备技术领域,公开了一种掺稀土双包层光纤,包括掺杂稀土离子的纤芯、内包层以及外包层,其中所述内包层的横截面为包含至少两个弓形缺口的非圆平面。本发明提供的掺稀土双包层光纤能够在不改变制备预制棒工艺及拉丝工艺的情况对预制棒进行光学加工,将内包层设计为横截面为包含至少两个弓形缺口的非圆平面结构,在保持同等包层泵浦光吸收效率的同时,能简化预制棒打磨工艺,降低预制棒多面打磨断裂几率与被加工杂质污染的风险,更好拉丝控制精度,提高光纤的综合性能。本发明还提供了相应的掺稀土双包层光纤的制备方法。

Description

一种掺稀土双包层光纤及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于光纤制备技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种掺稀土双包层光纤及其制备方法。
背景技术
光纤激光器是固体激光器的一种,是使用掺稀土光纤作为激光震荡或放大增益介质的激光器。不同稀土元素的掺杂在相应的波长激发下能辐射不同波长的光,且能覆盖很大的光谱范围。通过在光纤的纤芯中掺杂稀土元素,如镱Yb,铒Er,钕Nd,钬Ho,铥Tm等,获得不同波长的增益激光输出。光纤激光器相较于传统的固体激光器具有更高的散热性能、更高的转换效率、更简单更易于维护的光学系统以及更优的输出光束质量,是近年来在激光技术领域发展最多、关注最广且市场占有比例越来越高的热点技术之一。
早期的光纤激光器所使用的掺稀土光纤使用了单包层设计,对于单模光纤激光器就要求注入纤芯的泵浦光为单模,这个条件极大的限制了泵浦光的注入效率和功率,难以提升光纤激光器的输出功率。直到Sintzer提出包层泵浦和双包层光纤的概念,彻底改变了光纤激光器的格局,极大的促进了光纤激光器技术的发展。随着光纤激光器功率的提升,其在材料加工、医学以及科研包括军事领域的应用愈加广泛。
双包层光纤的设计中使用外层的低折涂层(或是掺氟玻璃层)限制泵浦光在内包层传输,增加内包层的面积,显著提高泵浦光注入功率,但是使用圆形内包层设计会明显降低泵浦光的吸收利用率。这是由于完全对称的圆形内包层中会形成大量的螺旋光,始终无法穿越掺杂纤芯,不能被稀土离子吸收转换。为了提高包层的吸收效率,破坏包层中的螺旋光是行之有效的方法,在当前商用的双包层掺稀土光纤中,如掺Tm,Yb,Ho,Er或是双掺杂如Yb/Er双包层光纤中,内包层的形状一般不采用高度对称的圆形包层,多采用异形非对称的内包层,如采用八边形内包层为最多,也有采用梅花八边形,较少采用的D型包层(如图7所示为传统的D型光纤内包层横截面示意图)、六边形包层以及矩形包层都只在研究中少量使用。非圆内包层可以很大程度的改善光纤对泵浦光的利用效率,减少光纤使用长度,降低非线性效应,降低光纤激光器的制造成本,提升光纤激光器的综合性能。
现有商用双包层光纤中多使用八边形内包层结构,少数使用梅花形内包层结构,两种内包层结构能明显的优化双包层光纤的泵浦效率,但都存在一定的不足。例如梅花形内包层的双包层光纤泵浦利用效率高,但是对石英预制棒进行光学加工打磨的技术要求却较高,不容易控制内凹的形状,打磨精度控制难。而八边形内包层的加工难度虽小,但是八个面单独打磨,需确保打磨不偏心,而且光学加工八个面磨抛次数多,时间长,由于预制棒存在一定的应力,打磨开裂的机率也较大,且打磨需要使用金刚砂或磨抛粉等颗粒物,可能造成表面的不洁净,使得拉制光纤后的损耗增加。八边形或梅花形打磨棱角分明,加工困难,而且对拉丝后的光纤强度有不利的影响。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述不足,本发明提供了一种掺稀土双包层光纤及其制备方法,该光纤具有非圆异形内包层设计,能够在保持原有预制棒制备工艺不变的前提下,简化预制棒的光学加工抛磨工艺,降低抛磨时间,减少抛磨面,改善光纤强度。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种掺稀土双包层光纤,包括掺杂稀土离子的纤芯、内包层以及外包层,其中所述内包层的横截面为包含至少两个弓形缺口的非圆平面,其中所述至少两个弓形缺口互不相连。
本发明的一个实施例中,所述纤芯部分折射率n1与内包层折射率n2之间的关系为:(n1 2-n2 2)1/2的范围在0.01-0.25之间。
本发明的一个实施例中,所述内包层折射率n2与外包层折射率n3之间的关系为:(n2 2-n3 2)1/2的范围在0.2-0.5之间。
本发明的一个实施例中,所述纤芯掺杂的稀土离子,包括Tm、Yb、Ho和Er中的一种或两种。
本发明的一个实施例中,所述内包层为石英基质,折射率为1.4573,测试波长为632nm。
本发明的一个实施例中,所述内包层的横截面为包含四个相同弓形缺口的非圆平面。
本发明的一个实施例中,所述四个相同弓形缺口对称分布在所述非圆平面上。
本发明的一个实施例中,所述弓形缺口高度与内包层的圆直径之比为0.01-0.05。
按照本发明的另一方面,还提供了一种掺稀土双包层光纤的制备方法,包括:
采用气相沉积法或溶液法或溶胶凝胶法制备掺杂有稀土元素的圆形石英预制棒;
调节圆形石英预制棒的直径,使其满足预设纤芯直径与内包层直径比例;
在圆形石英预制棒的侧面进行光学加工打磨,得到横截面为包含至少两个弓形缺口的非圆形状的石英预制棒;
将所述石英预制棒拉丝,并在玻璃外涂覆涂料形成外包层,得到掺稀土双包层光纤。
本发明的一个实施例中,所述石英预制棒的横截面为包含四个相同且对称分布的弓形缺口的非圆平面,所述弓形缺口高度与内包层的圆直径之比为0.01-0.05。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)传统的D型光纤,需要在圆形光纤的基础上磨削掉的部分较大,而本发明提供的双包层光纤只需要在圆形光纤抛磨掉少量的部分,具有与D型光纤一样的破坏螺旋光的功能,在包层泵浦光的吸收利用效率接近,具有同等水平;
(2)传统的正八边形光纤,需要在圆形光纤预制棒的侧面打磨形成8个面使得预制棒截面成为正八边形,进行8个面的抛磨增加了研磨抛光时间,增大污染光纤的风险,增加预制棒打磨因应力炸裂的风险,同时8个面保持同样的公差,维持掺杂区域不偏心对打磨夹具,旋转角度等要求高,而本发明双包层光纤仅需要在两个垂直的面打磨多个平面即可,更少的打磨次数,更短的打磨时间能提高成棒的效率,降低由于打磨带来的预制棒炸裂和被污染的风险;且具有和正八边形光纤一样的破坏螺旋光的功能,在包层泵浦光的利用效率接近,具有同等水平;本发明光纤外沿没有正八边形棱角分明,拉丝过程中丝径测量仪测试更准,波动更小,精度更好控制,拉丝稳定性高于正八边形光纤;
(3)传统的梅花形包层,需要在圆形光纤预制棒的基础上进行细致的不规则面打磨抛光,对于光学加工的要求太高,精度控制难度大,而本发明双包层光纤仅需要在预制棒侧面打磨形成不连续的2至8个平面即可,更少的打磨次数,更短的打磨时间能提高成棒的效率,降低由于打磨带来的预制棒炸裂和被污染的风险,工艺控制简单,成本低;且其包层泵浦光吸收效率与正八边形光纤相当;
(4)本发明相对现有商用的双包层光纤,可靠性和光学性能进行了优化,制造成品率有明显优势,简化了光纤的制备工艺,适用于规模化的生产;
(5)对于本发明实施例提供的4D型双包层光纤,仅需要在两个垂直的面打磨4个平面即可,并且具有对称性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中双包层光纤折射率剖面示意图;
图2为本发明实施例中4D内包层横截面示意图(中心圆形部分为掺稀土纤芯,a2/a3=0.924,对应弓形缺口高度与内包层的圆直径之比为0.038);
图3为本发明实施例中4D内包层横截面示意图(中心圆形部分为掺稀土纤芯,a2/a3=0.90,对应弓形缺口高度与内包层的圆直径之比为0.05);
图4为本发明实施例中4D内包层横截面示意图(中心圆形部分为掺稀土纤芯,a2/a3=0.98,对应弓形缺口高度与内包层的圆直径之比为0.01);
图5为比较例中八边形内包层横截面示意图(中心圆形部分为掺稀土纤芯);
图6为本发明实施例为具有不同弓形缺口高度的4D型20/130掺镱双包层光纤,915nm的泵浦光在纤芯的归一化能量分布百分比;
图7为传统的D型光纤内包层横截面示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
为方便介绍本发明技术方案,首先对本发明中的相关术语进行定义和解释如下:
芯层:是光纤中间折射率较高的部分,为圆形,是光纤中信号光的导光层,折射率为n1
内包层:紧靠纤芯的部分,折射率为n2,一般为石英基质,折射率为1.4573;
外包层:光纤中靠近内包层的低折射率部分,为低折射率涂层或掺氟层,折射率为n3
a1:芯层直径,单位为微米(μm);
a2:本发明实施例中以4D形内包层为例,两平行平面之间的距离为a2,单位为微米(μm);
a3:内包层圆形直径为a3,单位为微米(μm)。
如图1所示为本发明实施例中双包层光纤折射率剖面示意图,如图所示,芯层、内包层及外包层的折射率的关系为:n1>n2>n3
如图2所示,本发明提供了一种掺稀土双包层光纤,包括掺杂稀土离子的纤芯、内包层以及外包层,其中所述内包层的横截面为包含至少两个弓形缺口的非圆平面,其中所述至少两个弓形缺口互不相连。
其中,所述光纤纤芯部分折射率为n1,内包层折射率为n2,一般为石英基质,折射率为1.4573,测试波长632nm。(n1 2-n2 2)1/2的范围在0.01-0.25之间,其中纤芯掺杂稀土离子,包括Tm,Yb,Ho,Er或是双掺杂如Yb/Er等。
所述光纤外包层折射率为n3,一般为掺F石英或者是塑料涂层,(n2 2-n3 2)1/2的范围在0.2-0.5之间。
所述光纤最外层为保护层,一般折射率为1.5左右。
泵浦光主要在内包层传输,现有技术中的D型内包层是指双包层光纤的内包层有且仅有一面为平面,其余均为圆形。如图2所示,在本发明实施例中,所述内包层的横截面为包含四个相同弓形缺口的非圆平面(简便起见,本发明实施例中将所述光纤称为4D双包层光纤),并且所述四个相同弓形缺口对称分布在所述非圆平面上。需要说明的是,包括不同纤芯掺杂离子的所有的4D双包层光纤,以及类推的3D、5D、6D、7D等均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
所述内包层的横截面上弓形缺口高度与内包层的圆直径之比为0.01-0.05。此处弓形缺口高度即弓形的弦高(从圆心向弦作垂线,垂线被弦和弧所截的线段的长,称为弓形的高)。
进一步地,为了制备上述掺稀土双包层光纤,可以对现有制备工艺进行改进,具体地,包括:气相沉积法或溶液法或溶胶凝胶法制备掺杂有稀土元素的圆形石英预制棒;调节圆形石英预制棒的直径,使其满足预设纤芯直径与内包层直径比例;在圆形石英预制棒的至少两个任意垂直面通过光学加工打磨,得到横截面为包含至少两个弓形缺口的非圆平面的石英预制棒;将所述石英预制棒拉丝,并在玻璃外涂覆涂料形成外包层,得到掺稀土双包层光纤。
下面为一制备4D双包层光纤掺稀土双包层光纤的具体工艺过程,包括:采用气相沉积法,溶液浸泡法制备有掺杂稀土元素包括Tm,Yb,Ho,Er或是双掺杂如Yb/Er等的圆形石英预制棒;经过套管水平或者垂直拉伸,腐蚀等工艺调节圆形预制棒直径,是预制棒满足特定纤芯直径与内包层直径比例的预制棒;在圆形预制棒的两个任意垂直面通过光学加工打磨,抛光的方法打磨出4个相同的平面,且精确控制互相平行的两面间距;经过拉丝塔高温拉丝,并在玻璃外涂覆折射率为n3的内层涂料,形成4D型双包层掺稀土光纤。
如图6,以20/130的双包层光纤为例,不同弓形缺口与内包层的圆直径之比,波长为915nm的泵浦光在20um的纤芯中归一化能量分布占比测试结果,由结果可知,图5中八边形包层对应弓形缺口与内包层的圆直径之比0.025,波长为915nm的泵浦光在20um的纤芯中归一化能量分布占比为10.374%,与4D包层的差异很小,说明4D在破坏螺旋泵浦光的作用与八边形一致,甚至更优。如图3,2,4分别是弓形缺口高度与内包层的圆直径之比分别为0.05,0.038,0.005的示意图。
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种掺稀土双包层光纤,其特征在于,包括掺杂稀土离子的纤芯、内包层以及外包层,其中所述内包层的横截面为包含至少两个弓形缺口的非圆平面。
2.如权利要求1所述的掺稀土双包层光纤,其特征在于,所述纤芯部分折射率n1与内包层折射率n2之间的关系为:(n1 2-n2 2)1/2的范围在0.01-0.25之间。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的掺稀土双包层光纤,其特征在于,所述内包层折射率n2与外包层折射率n3之间的关系为:(n2 2-n3 2)1/2的范围在0.2-0.5之间。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的掺稀土双包层光纤,其特征在于,所述纤芯掺杂的稀土离子,包括Tm、Yb、Ho和Er中的一种或两种。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的掺稀土双包层光纤,其特征在于,所述内包层为石英基质,折射率为1.4573,测试波长为632nm。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的掺稀土双包层光纤,其特征在于,所述内包层的横截面为包含四个相同弓形缺口的非圆平面,其中所述至少两个弓形缺口互不相连。
7.如权利要求6所述的掺稀土双包层光纤,其特征在于,所述四个相同弓形缺口对称分布在所述非圆平面上。
8.如权利要求7所述的掺稀土双包层光纤,其特征在于,所述内包层的横截面上弓形缺口高度与内包层的圆直径之比为0.01-0.05。
9.如权利要求1至8任一项所述掺稀土双包层光纤的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
采用气相沉积法制备掺杂有稀土元素的圆形石英预制棒;
调节圆形石英预制棒的直径,使其满足预设纤芯直径与内包层直径比例;
在圆形石英预制棒的侧面进行光学加工打磨,得到横截面为包含至少两个弓形缺口的非圆平面的石英预制棒;
将所述石英预制棒拉丝,并在玻璃外涂覆涂料形成外包层,得到掺稀土双包层光纤。
10.如权利要求9所述的掺稀土双包层光纤,其特征在于,所述石英预制棒的横截面为包含两个或以上相同且均匀分布的弓形缺口的非圆平面,所述弓形缺口高度与内包层的圆直径之比为0.01-0.05。
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US10838143B2 (en) 2016-10-12 2020-11-17 Yangtze Optical Fibre And Cable Joint Stock Limited Company Rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber and preparation method thereof
CN109143464A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2019-01-04 中聚科技股份有限公司 一种稀土掺杂玻璃光纤及其制备方法
CN109143464B (zh) * 2018-11-29 2019-03-12 中聚科技股份有限公司 一种稀土掺杂玻璃光纤及其制备方法
CN111517637A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-08-11 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 掺稀土多芯光纤、光纤预制棒及其制备方法和应用
CN111517637B (zh) * 2020-05-22 2021-04-27 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 掺稀土多芯光纤、光纤预制棒及其制备方法和应用
CN112068243A (zh) * 2020-08-13 2020-12-11 创昇光电科技(苏州)有限公司 大模场三包层光纤、其制备方法及光纤激光器
CN112068243B (zh) * 2020-08-13 2022-11-18 创昇光电科技(苏州)有限公司 大模场三包层光纤、其制备方法及光纤激光器
CN111983748A (zh) * 2020-08-20 2020-11-24 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 一种能量匀化光纤及其制备方法
CN114573226A (zh) * 2022-03-28 2022-06-03 浙江热刺激光技术有限公司 一种有源光纤及其制备方法
CN114573226B (zh) * 2022-03-28 2024-04-30 浙江热刺激光技术有限公司 一种有源光纤及其制备方法

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