CN106397943A - 一种低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106397943A
CN106397943A CN201510464474.6A CN201510464474A CN106397943A CN 106397943 A CN106397943 A CN 106397943A CN 201510464474 A CN201510464474 A CN 201510464474A CN 106397943 A CN106397943 A CN 106397943A
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范嘉骏
李盛祥
范金伟
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HANGZHOU KEJIA PLASTIC AND CHEMICAL Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低烟无卤阻燃料及其制备方法,包括24~30份乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、4~14份低密度聚乙烯、42~50份氢氧化铝、7~15份马来酸酐接枝乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、4~10份聚硅氧烷、2~6份抗氧剂,采用创新性的配方设计及其制备工艺,可获得优异性能的高效低烟无卤阻燃电缆料,其中氧指数≥36%、拉伸强度≥14Mpa、断裂伸长率≥320%、阻燃性能为UL,VW-1,具有配方新颖、技术效果优异、电缆料性能提升显著等特点。

Description

一种低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法
【技术领域】
本发明属于高分子化合物领域,具体涉及一种低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法。
【背景技术】
低烟无卤电缆不仅具有优良的阻燃性能,而且构成低烟无卤电缆的材料不含卤素,燃烧时的腐蚀性和毒性较低,产生极少量的烟雾,从而减少了对人体、仪器及设备的损害,有利于发生火灾时的及时救援。无卤低烟阻燃电缆虽然具有优良阻燃性、耐腐蚀性及低烟浓度,但其机械和电气性能比普通电缆稍差。目前对于无卤阻燃电缆料的开发研究较多,如公开号为CN101981109A、CN1298897A、CN103467818A、CN102153802A、CN102250409A、CN101817952A、CN102634093A、CN103232631A等专利文献,均致力于提升低烟无卤电缆的机械和电气性能。
传统的无卤阻燃电缆料通常选用无机矿物粒子作为阻燃剂,比如氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝等,基体树脂则是选用乙烯基树脂,包括交联聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯/低密度聚乙烯/(乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯)共聚物等体系。在先前研究中存在的问题均是选用单一的阻燃体系,为了达到阻燃效果,需要很高的添加量,阻燃剂在基体树脂中不能均匀分散,导致了材料的力学性能损失很大,因此其应用仍存在问题,同时这些研究大多忽视了由于高填充带来的加工问题。近年来,也有较多文献公开了不同配比的复合阻燃剂,但获得的电缆料仅能实现某一机械或者电气性能的改善,无法同时实现各种性能同时提升的高品质电缆料。
【发明内容】
针对上述现有技术的不足,本发明旨在提供一种多组协同作用的低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法,有效解决了由于大量填充氢氧化铝造成的电缆料力学性能下降的问题,显著改善了电缆料的综合性能,具有成本低、阻燃性好、无烟无毒等特点。
本发明所述的一种低烟无卤阻燃电缆料,其特征在于,其原料包括如下重量份数的组份:
乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物:24~30份;
低密度聚乙烯:4~14份;
氢氧化铝:42~50份;
马来酸酐接枝乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯:7~15份;
聚硅氧烷:4~10份;
抗氧剂:2~6份。
作为优选,各原料重量份数为:
乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物:28份;
低密度聚乙烯:8份;
氢氧化铝:44份;
马来酸酐接枝乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯:10份;
聚硅氧烷:6份;
抗氧剂:4份。
经过大量实验研究,充分考虑基础理论及其制备工艺,确定了上述配方及其原料组份。上述技术方案通过以氢氧化铝为主阻燃剂,聚硅氧烷为协同副阻燃剂,通过多次试验确定电缆料原辅材料的配比制得,马来酸酐接枝乙酸乙烯酯为界面相容剂,强化界面柔性层的脱黏作用,能有效的保证氢氧化铝在基体树脂中均匀分散,从而解决了由于大量填充氢氧化铝造成的电缆料力学性能下降的问题,改善了电缆料的综合性能。相比于现有的复合阻燃剂,本发明的原料组份配比可获得高性能的低烟无卤阻燃电缆料,其中,电缆料的氧指数≥36%,拉伸强度≥14Mpa,断裂伸长率≥320%,阻燃性能为UL,VW-1,现有采用复合阻燃剂的低烟无卤阻燃电缆料或者仅能实现高氧指数、或者仅能实现高拉伸强度、或者仅能实现断裂伸长率、或者仅能实现VW-1的阻燃性能,没有可同时实现上述高性能的电缆料。
制备上述电缆料的方法包括配料、混料、密练、挤出、分切等步骤,具体如下:
(1)将氢氧化铝和聚硅氧烷按照配比混合造粒,以氢氧化铝为主阻燃剂、聚硅氧烷为协同副阻燃剂制备高浓度阻燃剂母粒;
(2)将乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、低密度聚乙烯、马来酸酐接枝乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、抗氧剂上述按照配比混合,以马来酸酐接枝乙酸乙烯酯为界面相容剂;
(3)将阻燃母粒和混合好的配料全部加入到密炼机腔体内,以150~200℃的温度,密炼15~25分钟,使配方料熔解、粘合成块;
(4)将密炼好的配方料块,自动输送至双螺杆挤出机的进料口加入,经过7~9段、180-250℃的高温塑化混炼后;再流入单螺杆的进料口,经过6~8段180-250℃的高温塑化挤出,最后分切成颗粒状、由风冷却后装袋。
该技术方案采用大量实验研究的原料组份配方设计,通过氢氧化铝+聚硅氧烷混合——造粒——制备高浓度阻燃剂母粒+其它电缆料配料——混合——造粒——检验——包装出厂的制备工艺,具有以下有益效果:
1)以氢氧化铝为主阻燃剂,聚硅氧烷为协同副阻燃剂,有效提高了阻燃性能;加入马来酸酐接枝乙酸乙烯酯作为界面相容剂能够强化界面柔性层的脱黏作用,有利于氢氧化铝在基体树脂中均匀分散,从而解决了由于大量填充氢氧化铝造成的电缆料力学性能下降的问题,改善了电缆料的综合性能;
2)采用多步混合造粒工艺,提高阻燃剂与基体材料的相容性;
3)应用聚硅氧烷对无机阻燃剂实施表面包覆处理并添加高分子相容剂,增加无机材料与基体材料的相互作用,保证材料有足够的拉伸强度,有效提高材料的断裂伸长率。
4)在材料中加入少量的表面活性剂,增加复合体系的流动性,提高电缆料挤出后的表面质量。
综上所述,本发明公开的低烟无卤阻燃料及其制备方法,采用创新性的配方设计及其制备工艺,可获得优异性能的高效低烟无卤阻燃电缆料,具有配方新颖、技术效果优异、电缆料性能提升显著等特点。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1
本实施例公开了一种低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法,该电缆料包括乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、低密度聚乙烯、氢氧化铝、马来酸酐接枝乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚硅氧烷与抗氧剂,对应组份的重量份数比为:28:8:44:10:6:4。
制备上述电缆料的方法包括配料、混料、密练、挤出、分切等步骤,具体如下:
(1)将氢氧化铝和聚硅氧烷按照配比混合造粒,以氢氧化铝为主阻燃剂、聚硅氧烷为协同副阻燃剂制备高浓度阻燃剂母粒;
(2)将乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、低密度聚乙烯、马来酸酐接枝乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、抗氧剂上述按照配比混合,以马来酸酐接枝乙酸乙烯酯为界面相容剂;
(3)将阻燃母粒和混合好的配料全部加入到密炼机腔体内,以150~200℃的温度,密炼15~25分钟,使配方料熔解、粘合成块;
(4)将密炼好的配方料块,自动输送至双螺杆挤出机的进料口加入,经过7~9段、180-250℃的高温塑化混炼后;再流入单螺杆的进料口,经过6~8段180-250℃的高温塑化挤出,最后分切成颗粒状、由风冷却后装袋。
实施例2
与实施例1不同的是,本实施例各原料组份为:乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、低密度聚乙烯、氢氧化铝、马来酸酐接枝乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚硅氧烷与抗氧剂,对应组份的重量份数比为:30:12:46:15:8:5,采用多步造粒的制备工艺,获得的低烟无卤电缆料的性能检测如下:

Claims (7)

1.一种低烟无卤阻燃电缆料,其特征在于,其原料包括如下重量份数的组份:
乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物:24~30份;
低密度聚乙烯:4~14份;
氢氧化铝:42~50份;
马来酸酐接枝乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯:7~15份;
聚硅氧烷:4~10份;
抗氧剂:2~6份。
2.如权利要求1所述的电缆料,其特征在于,各原料重量份数为:
乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物:28份;
低密度聚乙烯:8份;
氢氧化铝:44份;
马来酸酐接枝乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯:10份;
聚硅氧烷:6份;
抗氧剂:4份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的电缆料,其特征在于,所述的电缆料的氧指数≥36%。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的电缆料,其特征在于,所述的电缆料的拉伸强度≥14Mpa。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的电缆料,其特征在于,所述的电缆料的断裂伸长率≥320%。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的电缆料,其特征在于,所述的电缆料的阻燃性能为UL,VW-1。
7.如权利要求1中所述的电缆料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括配料、混料、密练、挤出、分切等步骤,具体如下:
(1)将氢氧化铝和聚硅氧烷按照配比混合造粒,以氢氧化铝为主阻燃剂、聚硅氧烷为协同副阻燃剂制备高浓度阻燃剂母粒;
(2)将乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、低密度聚乙烯、马来酸酐接枝乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、抗氧剂上述按照配比混合,以马来酸酐接枝乙酸乙烯酯为界面相容剂;
(3)将阻燃母粒和混合好的配料全部加入到密炼机腔体内,以150~200℃的温度,密炼15~25分钟,使配方料熔解、粘合成块;
(4)将密炼好的配方料块,自动输送至双螺杆挤出机的进料口加入,经过7~9段、180-250℃的高温塑化混炼后;再流入单螺杆的进料口,经过6~8段180-250℃的高温塑化挤出;最后分切成颗粒状、由风冷却后装袋。
CN201510464474.6A 2015-07-31 2015-07-31 一种低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法 Pending CN106397943A (zh)

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CN107083065A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2017-08-22 李盛祥 一种耐腐蚀无卤阻燃聚烯烃材料及其制备方法

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