CN106396769A - Process equipment for composting and rapid aerobic fermentation of sludge, and automatic control scheme for composting and rapid aerobic fermentation process - Google Patents

Process equipment for composting and rapid aerobic fermentation of sludge, and automatic control scheme for composting and rapid aerobic fermentation process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106396769A
CN106396769A CN201610801111.1A CN201610801111A CN106396769A CN 106396769 A CN106396769 A CN 106396769A CN 201610801111 A CN201610801111 A CN 201610801111A CN 106396769 A CN106396769 A CN 106396769A
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fermentation
fermentation tank
control
aeration
sludge
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CN106396769B (en
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阮航
崔积才
阮明义
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YANTAI WEIMING SPACE CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
    • C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/989—Flow sheets for biological or biochemical treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/993—Arrangements for measuring process parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure or humidity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention provides process equipment for composting and rapid aerobic fermentation of sludge and an automatic control scheme for a composting and rapid aerobic fermentation process, belonging to the technical field of composting and aerobic fermentation of sludge. The process equipment and automatic control scheme provide optimal initial process conditions for microbial propagation in composting and aerobic fermentation of sludge, enable composting and aerobic fermentation of sludge to rapidly enter a high-temperature fermentation period, accelerate the processes of fermentation and decomposition, shorten a fermentation period, reduce cost and exert beneficial effect on reduction, harmless treatment and stabilization of sludge. The process equipment comprises a solar photovoltaic power generation system, fermentation tanks with in-ground insulation and heating functions, a gas collecting cover having aeration and heating functions, used for collecting water vapor and stink produced in the process of fermentation and capable of moving up and down, a biological deodorizing system, an air supply and heating system for a workshop in winter, a travelling crane-like manipulator-operated material distribution machine, a composting heap turner, a data acquisition trolley, displace trolleys, a boiler system and an automatic control system for batching of raw and accessory materials and for process flow.

Description

A kind of sludge composting quick aerobic fermentation technological equipment and technical process automatically control Scheme
Technical field
The present invention relates to sludge composting aerobic fermentation technical field, specifically a kind of sludge composting quick aerobic fermentation work Skill equipment and technical process automatic control scheme.
Background technology
High speed development with China's economic construction and the quickening of Development of China's Urbanization, municipal sewage（Including trade effluent and Sanitary sewage）Discharge capacity drastically increase, and in sewage disposal process produce mud also roll up therewith.According to relevant information Statistics, ended for the end of the year 2013, and the wet mud producing moisture content 80% year has broken through 38,000,000 tons it is contemplated that arriving 2020---2025 Mud annual production will break through 60,000,000 tons.Although municipal sewage is administered, if so huge sludge quantity can not be appropriate Conduct oneself well reason be just arbitrarily discharged in nature, by underground water source, surface water, soil and air in interior serious secondary pollution, Bring great harm to urban and rural environment and people's lives health.China's mud has nearly 80% not dealt carefully with present, with Meaning is disorderly fallen, is stacked, and the secondary pollution causing has highlighted, and causes the extensive concern of the whole society and governments at all levels.
Urban sludge treating method mainly has " sanitary landfills ", " building materials utilization ", " burning " and " Land_use change " etc..Health Landfill has small investment, implements the features such as fast, method is simple, treatment scale is big, but this method is not fundamentally to mud In Organic substance processed and controlled, simply mud is simply carried and is kept in, and taken substantial amounts of soil money Source, is a kind of disposal options not capable of circulation.Although sludge building material utilizes can be to utilization of resources, due to currently with dirt The clay brick cost created is too high, and the brick produced difficult to reach building standard itself requires, and Treatment of Sludge factory cannot Bear great number cost and be restricted.Although sludge incineration is processed thoroughly, volume and the weight of mud can be greatly reduced, process Speed is fast, but sludge incineration processing cost is very expensive and toxic and harmful that produce after burning is difficult to process.Compare it Under, after the process of compost aerobic fermentation, to improving, sludge landfill characteristics have small investment to mud, energy consumption is low and operating cost is low The features such as, and the nutrient substance in mud can get recycling, and result of study shows that sludge composting aerobic fermentation is to work as Before most economical, most worthy the processing mode that tallies with the national condition.
Sludge composting aerobic fermentation process process is generally divided into a compost and secondary compost.Wherein one time compost includes former Adjuvant premix, compost aerobic fermentation, turn over the technological operation links such as throwing, aeration oxygen supply, deodorization.And primary sludge compost aerobic fermentation Technical process serves critical effect, and factor ratio to be controlled to sludge reduction, innoxious and stabilizing treatment More, such as moisture, temperature, breathability and ventilation oxygen supply, in factors, the change of mud heap temperature is to weigh sludge composting The whether normal key index of aerobic fermentation, is also whether normally the most direct, the most sensitive index of reflection sludge body fermentation. Requirement to sludge composting heap temperature can be summarized as in a composting fermentation process under normal circumstances, peaceful in early stage temperature Surely, mid-term high temperature maintains temperature change to want appropriateness, latter temperature to decline slowly.One time compost fermentation early stage temperature change must Handle the relation of " fast " and " steady " well, that is, compost fermentation plays temperature and wants fast, but temperature rise can not be too fast, steady as far as possible；Once The temperature change that compost mid-term high temperature maintains is appropriate, is preferably controlled in 550C---650C, does not exceed 700C, the too high meeting of temperature Make compost material ' sintering ', in a word, in sludge composting aerobic fermentation process control, temperature be one most important, the most direct Governing factor, in this export-oriented heap body timely oxygen supply be also promote sludge composting aerobic fermentation during indispensable one important Index.But discuss less, particularly sludge on domestic at present, external technological measure on controlling this two key indexs The initial period of fertile aerobic fermentation（I.e. cloth terminates）, can find quick and stable rise temperature, timely oxygen supply a kind of technological measure also There is no referential experience.At present primary fermentation temperature environment still heats up naturally by compost heap body, and slowly to meet thing biology numerous Grow condition, generally requiring time of 3 days about could enter and be rapidly heated the cycle, which results in the whole compost fermentation cycle Lengthening.And aeration is can not to supply gas in compost temperature-rise period in the case of do not have heating and control device to its temperature Oxygen supply, supplying gas in the temperature rise period to make heap temperature decline rapidly, and fermentation can not be carried out.Aeration supply at present is usually in heap Temperature just starts when reaching the high temperature upper limit of a compost mid-term high temperature fermentation period to blow to heap Invivo oxyger-supply, at this moment send aeration Main purpose be so that heap temperature is lowered the temperature, and the initial period that ferments should be so external by the oxygen content of heap body material itself and heap Boundary's air enters the oxygen brought in heap body to provide the oxygen needed for microbial reproduction naturally, and this just constrains sludge aerobic The source of a large amount of oxygens needing in sweat, because do not send containing fermentation initial temperature in the fermentation initial stage is just to windrow The oxygen supply condition requiring, and do not gradually rise with heap temperature and so that aeration is come also with the technological equipment gradually rising Ensure, lead to the temperature at fermentation initial stage, not the possessing of oxygen supply condition, by naturally rising gentle oxygen supply, can there is sludge composting aerobic Fermentation maturity cycle length, the defect of unstable product quality.Simultaneously because not having timely oxygen supply at the fermentation initial stage, compost material exists Under own wt effect, material can be led to be compacted, the breathability of later stage aeration supply is impacted, be also impact product quality The factors of instability.
China differs greatly relative to developed countries at the aspect that automatically controls of sludge composting aerobic fermentation, at present at present The large-scale sludge composting aerobic fermentation complete set of equipments of domestic introduction there is high energy consumption, invests big, apparatus expensive and complexity, maintenance are stranded The shortcomings of hardly possible, operating cost are high, and not in full conformity with China's national situation.Find a kind of sludge composting meeting China's fundamental realities of the country fast Fast aerobic fermentation process equipment is problem currently in the urgent need to address, include developing Treatment of Sludge scale greatly, processing speed Hurry up, environmental protection, efficiently, highly integrated, the composting process process of the low sludge composting aerobic fermentation technology of power consumption and domestic external equipment The automatic data collection of data, online data monitor in real time, data analysis, data automatic recording, data automatic archiving and dirt The realization that mud compost aerobic fermentation process process automatically controls is the challenge put in the numerous engineers and technicians of China.
Optimal initial temperature due to sludge composting aerobic fermentation microbial reproduction typically exists（250C---350C）In the range of, This temperature range most beneficial for the growth and breeding of microorganism, how at the compost fermentation initial stage, that is, cloth just terminated just fast Speed meets this technological parameter requirement, so that compost is rapidly entered high temperature fermentation period, to shorten whole fermentation period, reduces cost extremely Close important.In the northern area of China, this technological parameter above-mentioned is even more important, and particularly the northern area of China winter carries out mud Compost aerobic fermentation is worked continuously the importance of above-mentioned initial temperature of just more seeming, winter temperature is too low（100Below C）, can lead Cause sludge composting aerobic fermentation heap internal microorganism decomposes, degradation reaction speed is excessively slow, and quality is unstable, may result in and send out when serious Ferment failure.
China's sludge composting aerobic fermentation process produces at present water vapour and ammonia（The foul smell that i.e. people are commonly called as）Can not Timely and effectively it is collected processing, lead to roofing to drip downwards condensed water, condensed water falls on the material in fermentation tank, to material Fermented quality produces impact, the equipment in heavy corrosion mill construction and fermentation plant.Now commonly used to fermentation plant Interior air-supply, the convulsion of deodoration system effectively can not be collected to water vapour and foul smell, the particularly winter of northern China, be sent into Air in fermentation plant is cold air, temperature in workshop can be caused decline, the cold air being simultaneously fed into is produced with sweat Raw vapourss cross, and more accelerate the generation speed of condensed water, lead to sludge composting aerobic fermentation ecological deterioration.
At present the distributing mode of sludge composting aerobic fermentation is most adopts engineering loader cloth, also have minority using with turn over Throwing machine shares the material distributing machine of same track and belt conveyor coordinates cloth, is often occurred due to department using engineering loader cloth Machine accidentally break fermentation cell wall phenomenon, simultaneously engineering loader deadweight heavier, cloth process is scattering on ground can not and The material of Shi Qingli is compacted, and leads to later stage cleaning difficult, it is unfavorable that aeration is divulged information, and also produces impact to fermentation tank ground, Ground crackle occurs.Although track material distributing machine can overcome the defect of engineering loader, realize automatic distributing and need belt Conveyer coordinates, and in addition from a fermentation tank to another fermentation tank cloth, belt conveyor needs to follow and shifts, and is unfavorable for reality Show automatic distributing process, material distributing machine does not enable self-emptying function simultaneously.
Aerated conduit is to hot fermentation interim excessive temperature lowered the temperature for oxygen supply in fermentation tank and by oxygen supply, its Effect is so that aeration is evenly distributed to inside sludge composting heap body material, maintains the aerobic shape of material inner homogeneous in fermentation tank State, wants to maintain aeration to be evenly distributed and reduce the pressure loss as far as possible it is necessary to lay in aerating pipelines, the pressure of aerating pipelines Loss be mainly derived from pipeline along stroke pressure loss, local pressure loss, pipe diameter is less, the longer pressure loss of length just Bigger, pipeline corner is more, and local pressure loss is bigger.Duct pressure loss accounts for the 80% about of the aerating system pressure loss, And bank body only accounts for 20% about to the pressure loss caused by the resistance of aeration.So reasonable Arrangement aerating pipelines are to minimizing The pressure loss, so that aeration in fermentation tank is uniformly distributed most important.Aerating pipelines are divided into aeration main line and aeration branch pipe road, mistake Go to lay bye-pass along along fermentation tank length direction always, lead to that the pressure loss is big, aeration pressure is uneven in pond, be partially formed and detest Aerobe fermentation, produces a large amount of foul smell, sludge composting aerobic fermentation quality is impacted, unstable product quality.In addition also have many The form of individual fermentation tank central gas supply, lead to a fermentation tank break down shutdown maintenance when cause completely to stop supplying, to whole Individual sludge composting aerobic fermentation impacts, and the design of aerating pipelines system simultaneously does not account for mechanical redundancy yet.Air energy-storage Pressure when air accumulator energy effectively solving aeration continuously supplies, stability of flow, but application is less at present.
With regard to currently available technology, the moving vehicle shifting between fermentation tank for turner, all using Non-follow control, use meat Eye observes whether the moving vehicle track installed above track that for turner run installed above with fermentation tank aligns, even if It is that install travel switch to control be also gross alignment in addition it is also necessary to artificial accurate adjustment just can make the track on fermentation tank and displacement track Road accurate alignment, it is impossible to realize in sweat, turner automatic shift being controlled, reduces turner working performance, increases manually Cost.
Content of the invention
First, the sludge composting quick aerobic fermentation technological equipment of the present invention is made up of several lower several majors：
（1）, compost fermentation tank systems 48：As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, it by fermentation raw material 24, fermentation tank pool wall 25, be arranged on fermentation On groove pool wall 25, the H profile steel 23 of plane, turner 49 data collecting vehicle 46 and running track 22 are constituted.H type 23 steel therein It is arranged on the built-in fitting 26 of plane on pool wall, the guide rail 22 that turner data collecting vehicle is run is arranged on the upper of H profile steel 23 On surface, under motor effect, roller 28 can be walked along along track 22, and the said equipment all fills for turner, data acquisition car In sweathouse 78 workshop；
（2）, compost fermentation oxygen supply aerating system：As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6, it is by aeration main line 44, pad on main line The hardwood cushion block 33 in face, aeration branch pipe road 43, it is laid on above bye-pass and breathes freely with the separated material of fermentation tank bottom ground completely paving and compile Knit curtain 35, energy storage air accumulator 60, ratio flow control valve 65, redundancy pipeline 67 and valve 61, fan outlet valve 62, blower fan 63rd, electric heating heat exchanger 64 and the hot water heating heat exchanger 66 with temp regulating function, the sun of temp regulating function are carried Can photovoltaic generating system 2, the boiler heating system containing boiler room 57 and boiler 58, the valve 56 being arranged on heat supplying pipeline 41 Constitute with the valve 59 being arranged on water return pipeline 42；
（3）, fermentation tank ground inside holding heating system：As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 4, Figure 10 and Figure 11, it is by fermentation plant ground element Soil 36, element soil above do concrete leveling layer 32, heat-insulation layer 31, carbon fiber heating film 30, hot water spiral tube 112, fermentation tank Ground 29, surface temperature detection thermocouple 40 and solar photovoltaic generation system 2 are constituted；
（4）, mud batch mixing, cloth system：As shown in Figures 1 and 2, it is by sludge storage bin 80 and belt conveyor 82, adjuvant material Storehouse 85 and belt conveyor 88, become thoroughly decomposed returns feed bin 97 and belt conveyor 94, batch mixer 90 and belt conveyor 79 are constituted Mixing system.Cloth is constituted together with batch mixing belt conveyor 79 from the running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine 10 with twin beams 14 System, the said equipment is arranged between batch mixing in 92 and sweathouse 78, is arranged in Factory Building 1 with sweathouse between batch mixing.Batch mixing Between 92 with sweathouse 78 be provided with partition wall 75, partition wall 75 is provided with the hole 76 that batch mixing belt conveyor 79 passes through；
（5）, fermentation plant deodorization, supply air system：As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, it by gas skirt 9, deodorization pipeline 5, localized ducting 54, Between connecting pipe 5 and the telescopic soft pipeline 55 of pipeline 54, air-introduced machine 53, biological deodorizing device 52, deodorization, 51, chimney 50 is constituted Deodoration system.By aerator 39, the hot water heat exchanger 37 to air heating, air supply duct 20 and the air-out being connected with air supply duct Mouth 21 constitutes to sweathouse 78 supply air system；
（6）, technological equipment automation control system：As shown in figure 8, it is controlled by host computer touch screen 113, whole technological equipment System main website 114, the slave station controlling for turner（1）115th, it is used for the slave station that data acquisition car controls（2）116th, it is used for going The slave station that vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine controls（3）117th, it is used for the slave station that mixing system controls（4）118th, it is used for the deodorization system that blows The slave station that system controls（5）119th, it is used for the slave station that aeration and heat-exchange system control（6）120 compositions.Touch screen 113 therein is used Automatically record in operator's operation equipment data, the automatic relative analyses of data, data automatic archiving, and main website 114 removes and coordinates Communication between each slave station is outer also to bear the computer heating control to fermentation tank ground for the carbon fiber heating film；
（7）, the data real-time online acquisition system of fermentation technology process：As shown in figure 9, it is by thermocouple 109, compost heap body The ammonia level detection means 110 and being used for that oxygen content detection probe 111, sweat produce install above-mentioned measuring probe and The data acquisition car 46 of device constitutes data real-time online acquisition system；
（8）, the moving vehicle 104 that shifted between fermentation tank for turner 49, data acquisition car 46 is at fermentation tank two ends Each arrangement one, wherein one shifts between fermentation tank for turner, another for data acquisition car fermentation tank it Between displacement, the drive system of moving vehicle is digital closed-loop AC servo driver and AC servo motor, anti-for position The element of feedback be the position encoded system of WCS or LDMS it is ensured that moving vehicle movement position accurately so that moving vehicle top Track be accurately positioned with the track of fermentation tank pool wall top, realize turner, data acquisition car according to technological requirement fermentation Automatic shift between groove.
2nd, the technical process of the sludge composting quick aerobic fermentation of the present invention automatically control as follows：
（1）, for sludge composting aerobic fermentation microbial reproduction create optimal initial technological parameter implement automatically control；
（2）, for the automatic data collection of sludge composting aerobic fermentation process process, data automatic recording, data automatically to score Analysis data automatic archiving is implemented to automatically control；
（3）, for sludge composting aerobic fermentation batch mixing, cloth, discharging implement automatically control；
（4）, automatically control for the air-supply of sludge composting aerobic fermentation workshop, air-inducing deodorization, gas skirt up and down motion enforcement；
（5）, fermentation tank between shift to data collecting vehicle operation, turner operation with for data acquisition car, turner Moving vehicle is implemented to automatically control.
3rd, for achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows：
（1）, in order to reach sludge composting aerobic fermentation become thoroughly decomposed that speed is fast, bottom is cut in harmless treatment and composting production steady quality, Shorten fermentation period and reduce the purpose of cost, present invention employs inside a kind of fermentation tank ground with insulation construction, With the heating of carbon fiber heating film（Spring, summer, autumn use）With the heating of hot water spiral tube（Use in winter）And aeration oxygen supply band There is the trough type fermentation slot structure of heat-exchange system.Simultaneously improve aerating pipelines laying form, by the aeration branch pipe curb in past The laying of fermentation tank length direction is changed to aeration main line and lays along fermentation tank length direction, and bye-pass spreads along fermentation tank width And if being provided with accumulation of energy air accumulator.Its objective is to make whole fermentation tank along cell body length direction uniform air distribution, pressure stability beneficial Effect.Improve cause because bye-pass is long along stroke pressure loss is big and pipeline the turns round local pressure loss excessively causing, Improve the uneven shortcoming of supply in fermentation tank；
（2）, this trough type fermentation slot structure can improve sludge composting aerobic fermentation initial process conditions, such as just to bottom land before cloth Ground is heated, and compost material cloth can be provided with uniform temperature aeration into fermentation tank rapidly after terminating, reach rapid oxygen supply purpose, After cloth, heap body also not because ventilation oxygen supply is just implemented in material deadweight compacting, can improve the air permeability of material, make thing Material microorganism reaches the initial process conditions of optimal reproduction speed；
（3）, the aeration electrical heating heat exchanger of the present invention and fermentation tank bottom adopt carbon fiber heating film electrical heating, all using saving Energy, the solar photovoltaic generation system of environmental protection are powered, and can substantially reduce the energy consumption of mud quick aerobic fermentation.Ground heating, exposure Gas heating adopts two kinds of heat forms, and spring, summer, autumn adopt solar photovoltaic generation system to carbon fiber heating film, electrical heating Heat exchanger is powered, and winter can reach ground and aeration heating using boiler hot-water to ground spiral tube, hot water heat exchanger heat supply Purpose.The aeration temperature sent into fermentation tank raises with the rising of fermentation materials temperature, when sludge fermentation heap temperature is close 400It is possible to power-off is heated to aeration heating, carbon-fiber film during C（Spring, summer, autumn）, winter can be supplied by valve closing The hot water of spiral tube, simultaneously closes off the hot water of hot water heat exchanger and stops aeration supply, micro- by sludge composting aerobic fermentation itself Biological decomposition, the heat energy of degraded generation just can rapidly enter hot stage（550C---650C）；
（4）When the electric up-down gas skirt of the present invention terminates in cloth, heap body material does not carry out turning over polishing working, can drop to Beneficial to the specified altitude assignment of gas collection, coordinate the water vapour that workshop air-supply, deodorization induced draught system can produce in effective control sweat And foul smell（I.e. ammonia）To fermentation plant internal diffusion, reduce the generation of condensed water, and it is by hot water that winter blows into workshop Send into after heat exchanger heating in workshop it is ensured that the air of feeding is 20 into fermentation plant0More than C, can be prevented effectively from cold The water vapour that air is produced with fermentation crosses, and is effectively reduced the generation of condensed water in workshop, improves yeasting, reduces to factory Room structure and the corrosion of equipment；
（5）, the present invention adopt running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine automatic distributing, longitudinally walked by travelling crane truck and walking exist Horizontal dolly side-to-side movement in big car crossbeam and the up and down motion in crossbeam little in-car mechanical arm, had both enabled running vehicle type machine Tool handss material distributing machine pinpoints feeding, and follow procedure controls to fermentation tank cloth, can also be realized certainly using this mechanical hand material distributing machine simultaneously Dynamic discharging.Effectively reduce the collision to fermentation tank pool wall for the engineering loader, reduce the cleaning difficulty after the material compacting of ground and right The seminess that ground generation is occurred due to the change of load, overcomes track material distributing machine and coordinates feeding with belt conveyor When, the inconvenience needing movable belt conveyor to bring in different fermentation tank clothes due to track material distributing machine；
（6）, the present invention control system adopt Siemens S7-1500 or S7-300 station as whole technical process control master control System, i.e. referred to as main website 114, it is provided with power module, CPU module, analog input and output module, digital quantity in main website 114 defeated Enter output module and communication module, running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine in Factory Building, turner, data acquisition car, mixing system, send ET200SP or ET200M matching used with S7-1500 or S7-300 is equipped with wind deodoration system and aeration heat-exchange system From station control system, the data exchange of main website 114 and slave station according to on-site actual situations can using PROFIBUS-DP bus or PROFINET EPA and wireless communication mode, can greatly reduce the trouble of laying communication cable and inconvenience in Factory Building.System System host computer is the touch screen 113 of Siemens, can real-time automatic recording be derived from data acquisition car data and automatically with set in advance Fixed data is analyzed and is automatically filed data, provides reference number to groping optimised process process control parameters According to；
（7）The device driver system of the present invention adopts the digital frequency conversion AC Driving System of external import, and this system is applied and exposed The motor of gas blower fan, the motor pumping wind system, turner movable motor, turner cylinder rotary electric machine, data acquisition garage Walk and carry out frequency control on motor and all belt conveyor motors, and running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine is fast due to the speed of service, Position accuracy demand is high, is also the core machinery for cloth, discharging in whole fermentation plant simultaneously, running vehicle type mechanical hand cloth Machine longitudinally, laterally with the drive system of mechanical arm moving up and down and motor all using complete-digital closed-loop AC synchronous sampling System and AC servo motor.Be equally used for turner, moving vehicle that data acquisition car is shifted between fermentation tank, due to Position accuracy demand is high, for enable turner, data acquisition car between fermentation tank automatic shift it is desirable to moving vehicle top Automatic centering answered by the track of track and fermentation tank pool wall top, thus also use digital closed-loop AC servo drive system and AC servo motor, for servo drive system position feedback elements all using the position encoded system of WCS or laser ranging, position Put feedback element Real-time Collection actual motion distance, achievable adverse circumstances normally detect work, so in whole fermentation plant Interior achievable running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine and displacement vehicle speed, positional precision reliability control, again can according to practical situation with When adjust kinematic parameter, really realize production process Flexible Control require.Due to used main in whole sweat Equipment all employs digital frequency conversion governing system, and this system is a kind of energy saving system, and energy-saving effect is notable, can substantially reduce The energy consumption of sludge composting aerobic fermentation process, reduces the operating cost of whole sweat.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is fermentation Factory Building 1 elevation；Main signal foul smell gas skirt 9, running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine 10, fermentation tank Wall 25, treat air supply duct 20 in fermentation raw material 24, turner 49, turn over throwing cylinder 27, fermentation plant 78 and air outlet 21 and too Sun can electro-optical package 2.
Fig. 2 is fermentation Factory Building 1（A-A）Section plane layout drawing；Main illustrate aerating system main line 44, bye-pass 43 and 51 and biological deodorizing device 52, chimney between its perforate 45, batch mixer 90 and its charging equipment, boiler room 57 and boiler 58, deodorization 50th, air-introduced machine 53, air inducing pipeline 54, collecting pipe 5 are docked with air inducing pipeline 54 soft pipeline 55, fermentation plant pressure fan 39, Air water-heating exchanger 37, it is arranged on into the valve 38 on water and water return pipeline and to workshop air supply duct 20.
Fig. 3 is fermentation Factory Building 1（A-A）Section plane layout drawing；Main schematic data collecting vehicle 46, turner 49 are overlooked Figure, moving vehicle 104 and its ground rail 100 of moving vehicle that turner, data acquisition car shift between individual each fermentation tank.
Fig. 4 is Fig. 1 section partial enlargement M1 view；Main illustrate fermentation plant ground element soil 36, aeration main pipeline 44 and Hardwood cushion block 33 on main pipeline for the pad, aeration branch pipe road 43, concrete leveling floor 32, heat-insulation layer 31, carbon fiber heating film 30th, fermentation tank ground 29, the ventilative weaving curtain 35 of separated material being completely layered on aeration branch pipe on fermentation tank ground.
Fig. 5 is Fig. 1（B-B) profile；The main steel wire rope 4 and 7 illustrating gas skirt to move up and down, cable drum 6, cunning Wheel 3, shaft coupling 106, shaft coupling 107 and the reducing motor 108 for driving gas skirt motion.
Fig. 6 is Fig. 2 partial enlarged drawing M2；Main signal aeration oxygen supply blower fan 63, Fan pipeline valve 62, accumulation of energy air accumulator 60th, be arranged on redundancy pipeline 67 between aerating pipelines and its valve 61, electric heating heat exchanger 64, hot water heating heat exchanger 66 with And flow-control proportional control valve door 65, two kinds of heat exchangers are all with automatic temperature control system.
Fig. 7 is Fig. 2 partial enlarged drawing M3；Main signal is arranged on the grab bucket of mechanical arm in running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine 17th, the motor 70 that mechanical arm moves up and down and its gear 69 being arranged in driving motor output shaft and nibbling with gear 69 are driven The tooth bar 68 being arranged on mechanical arm of conjunction, the directive wheel 12 of mechanical arm up and down motion, mechanical arm entirety transverse shifting Dolly 71, transverse shifting trolley idler wheels 13, the motor 73 driving horizontal dolly movement and its a pair of pitch wheel 72, its In a gear be arranged on motor 73 output shaft, another gear is arranged on the power transmission shaft of roller 13.
Fig. 8 is whole sludge fermentation technological equipment control system figure；Mainly illustrate in sweat data automatic Record, data analysis, the touch screen 113 of data automatic archiving, system control main website 114, control turner work from Stand（1）115th, the slave station of control data collecting vehicle（2）116th, control the slave station of running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine（3）117th, control and mix The slave station of material system（4）118th, control the slave station of air-supply deodoration system（5）119th, control the slave station of aeration and heat-exchange system（6） 120.
Fig. 9 is Data Detection car；Oxygen content detection probe 111, compost heap body material temperature in main signal compost heap body Degree detection probe 109 and ammonia detector 110.
Figure 10 is the ground laying relation between each Rotating fields from top to bottom in fermentation tank, to shown in should scheming be from a left side to The right corresponding relation schematic diagram with laying structure.
Figure 11 is the structural representation laying hot water disc coil 112 heat form on carbon fiber heating film 31.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings（1-11）Describe the specific implementation process of this technical scheme, the problem to be solved in the present invention in detail It is to be automatically controlled by implementing a kind of sludge composting quick aerobic fermentation technological equipment and its technical process, find sludge composting good The aerobe fermentation process initial stage（Cloth terminates）, promote the optimal initial technological parameter of microbial reproduction and obtain this technological parameter Automatic control scheme to technological equipment, realize data real-time automatic collecting, automatically record, automatically analyze, automatic archiving and big Scale mechanical operation process automatically controls.Meanwhile can shorten the sludge composting aerobic fermentation cycle, reduce artificial in a large number Cost, by this technological equipment and its technical process are automatically controlled reach quickly realize Treatment of Sludge minimizing, innoxious, The purpose of stabilisation.
Want whole sludge composting quick aerobic fermentation technological equipment is implemented to automatically control, its most important condition is automatization Control system must have System self-test function, whether is in normal operating conditions by main website control system to all control slave stations Carry out automatic detection, and " system is normal " condition prompting is shown by touch screen, after only whole control system is in normal condition Automatic Control can be implemented by each technological equipment to sludge composting, if certain control slave station of system detectio is problematic, touch screen meeting Automatically propose problematic from station number, and fault cues are provided according to program fault alarm set in advance, so that maintainer There is target to be keeped in repair, shorten Maintenance Downtime.
Constitute the optimal breeding of sludge composting aerobic fermentation microorganism main initial technological parameter have temperature, oxygen content and The moisture content of material water ratio, wherein material is to control sludge moisture content（80%）Left and right, then by mud with adjuvant, become thoroughly decomposed material Mix according to a certain percentage, reach sludge composting aerobic fermentation mixing after material water ratio 60% about requirement, general mud The initial technological parameter of the optimal microbial reproduction of aerobic fermentation is that temperature exists（250C---350C）In the range of, material water ratio exists 60% about, oxygen content exists（10%---20%）In the range of/VOL.Because material water ratio is control strict in mixing process, Fermentation temperature and oxygen content is so controlled just to become two main technique of the optimal microbial reproduction of sludge composting aerobic fermentation Parameter.Can be seen that from Fig. 1, Fig. 4 of the present invention and be provided with heat-insulation layer below sludge composting aerobic fermentation trough face 29, can be effectively anti- Only in sludge composting initial stage temperature-rise period, temperature spreads below ground to bottom land, the initial temperature-rise period of impact bank body, with When fermentation tank be provided with carbon fiber heating film 30 below ground and hot water spiral tube 112 heats to ground, by photovoltaic The electric energy sending is powered to carbon fiber heating film 30 by energy storage device（Spring, summer, autumn）, winter is from hot water to spiraling Pipe heat supply, makes fermentation tank bottom ground 29 temperature reach（250C---350C）In the range of, measuring this temperature parameter is by subsurface Embedded thermocouple 40 detection surface temperature, and the data of detection is sent to control main website 114 in real time, main website 114 controls carbon The supply current of fiber heating film, constitutes PID closed loop control, and winter can control electromagnetic valve on spiral tube hot water line to control Opening or closing of water heating, enables temperature stable in the temperature range setting（250C---350C）Interior, in addition after cloth terminates, lead to Cross aeration blower 63 to blow to accumulation of energy air accumulator 60, heat aeration through electric heating heat exchanger 64（Spring, summer, autumn）, winter Heat aeration with hot water heat exchanger, by the air vent 45 that opens up on aeration main line 44, bye-pass 43 and bye-pass to sending out In ferment groove 48, material 24 send warm braw and reaches timely oxygen supply purpose, and air temperature control exists（280C---380C）In the range of, control Air themperature is inside heat exchanger（Electrical heating, water heating）Carry temperature controlling function realization.Through above-mentioned to carbon fiber heating film 30 supply electrical heating ground 29（Spring, summer, autumn）, winter by spiral tube 112 supplying hot water heat ground 29 and heating aeration this Two measures, constitute and reach the process conditions that initial temperature and oxygen supply are most preferably bred in sludge composting aerobic fermentation microorganism, make heap Internal microorganism can be bred rapidly under initial process conditions, and with the process of material fermentation process, microorganism is constantly needed to oxygen Point, required oxygen is gathered by the oxygen detection head 111 installed on data acquisition car, by the control slave station of control data collecting vehicle （2）Data is returned to main website 114 by 116 in real time, from main website 114 to the slave station controlling aeration and heat-exchange system（6）120 send Control instruction, by slave station（6）120 control blower variable frequency devices make blower motor improve rotating speed, open big flow ratio simultaneously and control Valve 65, increases air output to fermentation tank, and aeration temperature raises with the rising of heap body temperature, and this is main website 114 in real time to exposure Gas and heat-exchange system control slave station（6）120 transmission control instructions, by slave station（6）120 control aeration heat exchangers automatically adjust, When heap temperature is close to 400During C, be to bottom land carbon fiber heating film 30 power-off（Spring, summer, autumn）, winter will stop to spiraling Supplying hot water in pipe, at this moment leans on the heat that microbial decomposition in heap body material, degraded produce so that heap temperature is steadily raised rapidly, makes Fermentation energy rapidly enters mid-term hot stage（550C---650C）, heap temperature is by the thermocouple 109 on data acquisition car Collection, by the slave station of control data collecting vehicle（2）116 send the data to main website 114, then control carbon fiber by main website 114 Heating film 30 power-off（Spring, summer, autumn）, winter is by controlling the closed electromagnetic valve on hot water spiral tube pipeline, main website 114 simultaneously To the slave station controlling aerating system（6）120 send control instruction, by slave station（6）120 control aeration heating heat exchangers 64（Spring, Summer, autumn）, aerator 63 power-off simultaneously close flow proportion valve 65.When temperature of charge reaches a high temperature the fermentation temperature upper limit （650C）, into fermentation tank, aerating system supplies natural wind（Spring, summer, autumn）, winter can exist for heating-up temperature into fermentation tank 250The hot blast of more than C, hot blast source carries out heat by the hot water of boiler 58 supply in boiler room 57 through hot water heat exchanger 66 and air Exchange, temperature is realized by the regulating system carrying inside hot water heat exchanger, it is to avoid winter directly send cold wind into fermentation vat（100C Below）, to impact to microbial reproduction.Aeration air-supply or out-of-blast control process are to be gathered by data acquisition car The hot fermentation temperature of material, and implement to send the data to main website 114, from main website 114 to the slave station controlling aerating system（6） 120 send instruction, when temperature of charge reaches a high temperature the upper limit, by slave station（6）120 control blower fans energising and by flow proportion valve 65 Reach maximum, when temperature reaches a high temperature fermentation lower limit, by slave station（6）120 control blower fan power-off simultaneously close flow proportion valve 65. Repeatedly the stable temperature in hot fermentation of material can be made to blower fan energising or power-off, opening or closing of flow proportion valve（550C--- 650C）In the range of.
Each charging equipment in 92 between batch mixing is automatically controlled with mixing equipment：As shown in Figure 2, sludge composting aerobic fermentation Technique is provided with 92 between batch mixing, 92 between batch mixing in be provided with sludge storage bin 80 and belt conveyor 82, adjuvant feed bin 85 and Belt Conveying Machine 88, become thoroughly decomposed feed bin 97 and belt conveyor 94, batch mixer 90 and belt conveyor 79, and sludge composting aerobic fermentation is raw materials used Mud, adjuvant straw, the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed are sufficiently mixed according to a certain percentage, send in fermentation tank 48 and are fermented, be after mixing Three kinds of supplementary materials are enable uniformly to send in proportion in the elevating hopper 93 of batch mixer 90, door opening is certain under three feed bins Under the premise of, because the motor of each belt conveyor is frequency control, control the transmission speed of each belt conveyor, just can make three Plant in the elevating hopper 93 that batch mixer 90 uniformly sent into by a certain percentage by material, by the slave station of mixing system（4）118 timer Timing is carried out to feeding, can reliably control the material sending into batch mixer 90 how many, and be adapted with the batch mixing ability of batch mixer, when On batch mixer 90 during full with substance, control slave station（4）118 control the door 81,87 and 96 closing the respective bottom of 3 feed bins simultaneously, Simultaneously give drive 3 belt conveyors motor 84,95,99 power-off make it out of service, 3 feed bin doors be turned on and off be Realized by 3 cylinders 83,86 and 98, batch mixer 90 is just already powered on before 3 feed bin feedings, is that batch mixing is prepared, Under the driving of motor 89, material in machine is sufficiently mixed, by slave station（4）118 timing controls to determine that batch mixing is No abundant, when mixing time arrives, batch mixer bottom door 105 is automatically opened up by lower cylinder 91, start batch mixing belt simultaneously Conveyer 79 sends into material in the grab bucket 17 of the running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine that specified location waits, and batch mixer 90 completes Mixing process.According to grabbing bucket 17 volumes and each batch mixing amount of batch mixer 90 determines that batch mixer 90 conveys thing into grab bucket 17 The number of times of material, the number of times of conveying is by slave station（4）118 enumerator is realized counting, and can be opened by batch mixing belt conveyor 79 Counting how many times feeding number of times, when counts arrive, running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine can be sent into material in the fermentation tank 48 specified, So that grab bucket 17 is opened by hydraulic cylinder 16, material poured into after fermentation tank 48, under hydraulic cylinder 16 effect, so that grab bucket 17 is closed, Then running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine returns filling position and waits batch mixing belt conveyor 79 feeding, completes through circulation for several times Cloth process, whole batch mixing and cloth process are all to send various instructions coordinate running vehicle type mechanical hand cloth under main website 114 controls Material machine controls slave station（3）117 and mixing system control slave station（4）118 realize each mechanical action, automatically complete according to preset program Become.
Running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine 10, batch mixing belt conveyor 79 and gas skirt 9 cooperate, and realize to fermentation tank 48 Automatic distributing：As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 7, present invention employs running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine 10 and batch mixing Belt Conveying Machine 79 cooperates and realizes automatically controlling to fermentation tank 48 cloth.The wheel at running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine cart two ends passes through Along track 19 lengthwise movement, track 19 is arranged in the upper plane of crane beam 18 motor 74, and crane beam 18 is arranged on and carries On the column of bracket 15, transverse shifting dolly 71 passes through motor 73, a pair of pitch wheel 72 driving rolls 13 edge Double crossbeams 14 and do left and right transverse movement, one of gear is contained on the output shaft of motor 73, another is contained in roller 13 On power transmission shaft, the mechanical arm 11 of running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine is in motor 70, the gear that is contained on motor 70 output shaft 69 move up and down with the tooth bar 68 driving mechanical arm 11 engaging, and tooth bar 68 is contained on mechanical arm, on mechanical arm 11 Lower motion is guided for it by directive wheel 12, so can achieve that the grab bucket 17 being contained on mechanical arm can be taken up an official post in three coordinate directions Meaning motion, can implement cloth to any fermentation tank 48 by the motion in this 3 directions.Running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine first Grab bucket 17 moves to and waits splicing at belt conveyor 79 discharging of batch mixer, controls the feeding number of times of belt conveyor 79 Control the material in grab bucket 17 whether upper full, when the feeding of conveyer 79 is counted to, conveyer 79 stops feeding, running vehicle type machinery Handss material distributing machine 10 carries out cloth according to the fermentation tank 48 that program is specified, after running vehicle type robot movement is to specified cloth discharge position, Drive grab bucket 17 to open by hydraulic cylinder 16, material poured in fermentation tank, then running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine 10 return mixed Splicing at material belt conveyor 79, at this moment grab bucket is driven by hydraulic cylinder 16 and closes, and is iteratively repeated above-mentioned action, until cloth Till end.Running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine 10 is in slave station（3）117 control the various program behaviors of lower execution, and batch mixing belt is defeated Machine 79 is sent to be to control slave station in mixing system（4）118 control the various program behaviors of lower enforcement, slave station（3）117 and slave station（4）118 The device action controlling each administration is to be uniformly coordinated by main website 114 follow procedure, and that is, main website 114 is to slave station（3）117 send control refers to Order, by slave station（3）117 control running vehicle types machinery manual tasks, beam back feedback signal when release to main website 114, and by leading Stand 114 to slave station（4）118 send control instruction, thus realizing to batch mixing belt conveyor 79 operation, by above-mentioned control Journey achieves the automatic distributing process of running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine, running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine and belt conveyor 79 and The cooperation of mixing system is automatically performed under program.Discharging controls lower coordination to control slave station also in main website 114 （3）117 press preset program controls running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine, is grabbed, using mechanical arm grab bucket 17, the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed in fermentation tank 48 Go out, deliver in transport vehicle, delivered to the position specified by transport vehicle and complete discharging process.Above-mentioned cloth, discharging fully achieve certainly Dynamic control, has been really achieved do mechanization operation.Operating personnel can be greatly reduced, reduce specific resistance to filtration operating cost.It is expert at Vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine 10 to before fermentation tank cloth, from main website 114 to slave station（5）119 transmission control instructions, then by slave station （5）119 control gas skirts 9 are raised to extreme higher position, with without prejudice to robot movement as principle, running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine 10, The action that cooperates of batch mixing belt conveyor 79 and gas skirt 9 is all to finish control program in advance according to technological requirement to download to In main website 114 system, slave station is controlled to complete the technological action specified by main website unification accordingly according to programme-control.
The air-supply of workshop air-supply deodoration system, air inducing automatically control：As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 8, in sludge composting aerobic fermentation During, there is chemolysis, degradation reaction in microorganism, produce heat and ammonia therewith, and ammonia and heat produce with fermentation Water vapour outwards distribute together, ammonia is a kind of odorous gas, sweat produce ammonia be by data acquisition car Ammonia detection device 108 is installed detected, when ammonia has been detected and distributing, by the control slave station of data acquisition car（2） 116 send instruction to main website 114, from control main website 114 to the control slave station of air-supply deodoration system（5）119 send startup workshop Air-supply aerator 39 works together with deodorization air-introduced machine 53, and ammonia is passed through gas skirt 9, collecting pipe 5, concentrates collecting pipe 54th, the gas collection bellows 55 of connecting pipe 5 and pipeline 54 and air-introduced machine 53 introduce between deodorization 51 biological deodorizing device 52, lead to It is discharged in air by chimney 50 after crossing biological deodorizing device deodorizing process.Because aerator and air-introduced machine are frequency control The rotating speed of motor, aerator and air-introduced machine increases the concentration with detection ammonia by controlling slave station（5）119 pairs of 2 Fans Carry out stepless speed regulation, and improve the rotating speed of two Fans with the increase of ammonia concentration, thus realizing to ammonia, steam treatment Automatically control.
Turner 49, the automatically controlling of gas skirt 9：As shown in 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 8, when material heap temperature is in hot fermentation Reach higher limit in cycle and continued to heat up, when air-supply does not have cooling purpose, main website 114 control system is to control turner The slave station of operation（1）115 send instruction, by slave station（1）115 control turners 49 carry out turning over polishing working to material, enable material Lowered the temperature comprehensively and extensively contacted with air and reached oxygen supply purpose, a large amount of water vapour of internal accumulation outwards can be dissipated simultaneously Send out, at the end of turning over polishing working, turner automatically returns to original position, waits the job instruction next time sending.Turner Whether operation is to be determined by the temperature data that the thermocouple 109 on data acquisition car gathers, when temperature of charge is completely negative in blower fan During lotus air-supply, temperature still remains high and has during continuation intensification trend it is necessary to implement to turn over polishing working.Because data acquisition car is Temperature in Real-time Collection fermented product stockpile body, by slave station（2）116 send the data to main website 114 in real time, so implement Turning over polishing working is to automatically control under the programme-control finished in advance.Before turner 49 preparation work, from main website 114 to by Slave station（5）119 send control instruction makes gas skirt 9 rise to specified altitude assignment to be defined not affect turner 49 operation, work as gas collection Cover 9 passes through slave station after rising（5）119 feed back signal to main website 114, and main website is to the slave station controlling turner 49 operation（1）115 Go out instruction, by slave station（1）115 control turner 49 operations.After turner 49 end of job returns in situ, by slave station（1）115 to Main website 114 backtracking end signal, controls slave station by main website 114（5）119 make gas skirt 9 drop to home position.Gas skirt 9 raising and lowering is to control slave station（5）119 control the motor 108 driving gas skirt motion, pass through shaft coupling by motor 108 107th, 106 driving cable drum 6, wherein steel wire rope 7 is directly wound on reel 6 and is connected with gas skirt suspension ring 8, steel wire rope 4 Bypass pulley 3 to be connected with gas skirt suspension ring 8.The rising of gas skirt 9, whereabouts will coordinate running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine cloth in a word Material, turner turn over polishing working to carry out, and the coordinative operation of all these is all to carry out preprogramming under technological requirement, by journey Sequence downloads in main website 114, controls corresponding slave station to be automatically performed the technological action of requirement by main website 114.
The automatic shift between each fermentation tank is realized in turner 49, data acquisition car 46 and transverse shift car 104 cooperation Control：As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 8, sludge composting aerobic fermentation typically will process sludge quantity according to fermentation period and day How many outfit fermentation tanks, fermentation tank is typically in the majority to process one day sludge quantity, for saving equipment manufacturing cost investment, general root Turn over polishing working ability according to turner and day processes how many outfit turner quantity of sludge quantity, to medium-scale mud handling capacity （200t---300t/d）For, it is in the majority to be commonly equipped with 2 turners, so that one when breaking down, does not affect whole production line Stop production.The present invention is respectively equipped with the moving vehicle 104 for turner, the displacement of data acquisition car, wherein 1 displacement at fermentation tank two ends Car supplies the shift cycle detection between fermentation tank 48 of data acquisition car, and another is shifted between each fermentation tank 48 for turner Row turns over polishing working, and the motion of moving vehicle is directly controlled by main website, for ensureing above moving vehicle track above 102 and fermentation tank Track 22 precise alignment positions, and the drive system of moving vehicle employs digital closed-loop control system.Data acquisition car 46 is root Terminate rear and fermentation period length according to each fermentation tank 48 cloth and at least line number is entered to the material 24 in each fermentation tank 48 daily Secondary temperature, oxygen content and ammonia detection, the time difference control data collecting vehicle 46 according to each detection operation is in each fermentation tank 48 touring jobs scheduling, finish control program, by the control slave station of control system main website 114 and control data collecting vehicle 46（2） 116 cooperate, and control data collecting vehicle 46 and moving vehicle 104 are realized automatically being shifted between each fermentation tank 48.Data When collecting vehicle will be shifted, moving vehicle under driving servomotor 103 to drive, transport along track 100 by moving vehicle roller 101 first Move the fermentation tank position at data car place, make upper track 102 and fermentation cell wall track above 22 automatic aligning of moving vehicle, On the track 102 that data acquisition car 46 moves to moving vehicle along fermentation tank track above 22, according still further to the program finished in advance To the fermentation tank 48 specified, after putting in place, data acquisition car 46 rolls moving vehicle specifying to fermentation tank away to the mobile moving vehicle 104 of instruction Position carries out data acquisition, and at this moment moving vehicle original place waits data acquisition car operation, so that data acquisition car is in fermentation tank next time Between shift.The data that data acquisition car 46 gathers in each fermentation tank 48 controls slave station by data acquisition car（2）116 is real-time It is sent to control system main website 114 online, and data is carried out with main website 114 by touch screen 113 and automatically exchange, touch screen 113 Slave station can be controlled by real-time automatic recording data acquisition car（2）116 data issuing main website 114, and with the data being previously set It is compared analysis, real-time adjustment process control procedure, and data is carried out automatic archiving, to carry out with actual process parameter Relatively, create beneficial effect for further replenishment of process parameter.Turner 49 and moving vehicle 104 coordinate between each fermentation tank 48 With the displacement of data acquisition car as, simply turner 49 is warm according to the fermentation that reaches a high temperature of the material of certain fermentation tank 48 for displacement When spending the upper limit and remaining high, the material of this fermentation tank 48 will carry out turning over polishing working, and moving vehicle 104 just will be turner 49 Deliver to and need fermentation tank 48 there carrying out turning over polishing working to go, turn over the cylinder 27 that polishing working is turner and rotate, by cylinder Throw tooth and material is carried out turning over throwing, while cylinder rotates, turner turns over polishing working along the mobile realization of track 22, and turner is in fermentation Shift control process between groove is identical with the shifting process of data acquisition car 46.
Invent adopted technological equipment and its technical process to automatically control be that domestic external equipment has been carried out high integration, Control system adopts Siemens S7-1500 or S7-300 as master control system, referred to as main website 114, joins according to controlling requirement Have matched 6 ET200SP or ET200M control slave station, with touch screen 113 as control system host computer, main website 114 with the data communication of slave station according to field condition can using PROFIBUS-DP bus or PROFINET EPA and Wireless data transmission form matches, and touch screen 113 implements unified management as host computer to control system, it is possible to achieve to setting Standby Non-follow control and the mutual conversion automatically controlling, it is right to be switched by the remote manual control of each equipment under manual control Equipment carries out Non-follow control respectively.Touch screen 113 can send back data with real-time recorded data car, and with the technique being previously set Parameter is compared analysis, and the data energy automatic archiving by record in real time, provides reference frame for further replenishment of process.Right In the capital equipment of technological equipment, such as the motor of turner, data acquisition car, batch mixer and belt conveyor is using external Import digital drive converter and alternating-current variable frequency motor, for the fast running vehicle type machine of control position accuracy demand height, movement velocity The all motors of tool handss material distributing machine, moving vehicle motor all using external import complete-digital closed-loop AC servo driver and AC servo motor, to ensure the safety and reliability that key equipment critical piece uses, remaining part is all using production domesticization Part.And for other mechanical parts used by turner, data acquisition car, moving vehicle, batch mixer, belt conveyor, blower fan All using domestic making.External high-end devices and home equipment can be carried out high integration by this allocation plan, can significantly drop The construction costs of low whole Introduced From Abroad import equipment.To promoting China's sludge treatment technique equipment, there is beneficial effect.
Whole production line needs the operation of manual work to only have the ventilative weaving curtain of separated material to need after fermentation tank discharging manually Cleared up, because when mechanical hand material distributing machine carries out discharging to fermentation tank, being always left one layer of very thin material can not clean out Go, labor cleaning need to be carried out, after having cleared up material, weaving curtain be rolled, deliver to outdoor appointed place and tapped, make to stick Material on weaving curtain is cleaned out, weaving curtain can play material do not contact with aeration branch pipe road blocking passage effect again The equally distributed effect of aeration can be played.Above aeration main line, the hardwood block 33 of pad is in order that laying the cement ditch of main line Play a flat effect with fermentation tank ground, in order to avoid weaving curtain sinks in ditch.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of sludge composting quick aerobic fermentation technological equipment and technical process automatic control scheme it is characterised in that：Pass through Implement sludge composting quick aerobic fermentation technological equipment and technical process automatically controls, obtain sludge composting aerobic fermentation microorganism The optimal initial technological parameter of breeding, temperature control exists（250C---350C）In the range of, oxygen content controls（10%--- 20%）In the range of/VOL, described sludge composting quick aerobic fermentation technological equipment and technical process automatically control including：
（1）, fermentation tank, fermentation tank ground insulating layer, fermentation tank ground zone of heating, there is Redundancy Design and phase in each fermentation tank To independent aeration feed system with heat exchange and accumulation of energy air accumulator and ratio flow control, on aerating pipelines and full The separated material that is laid on fermentation tank ground is breathed freely weaving curtain, running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine, turner, data acquisition car and be used for turning over Moving vehicle, mixing equipment and belt conveyor that throwing machine data collecting vehicle shifts between fermentation tank and cooperation complete batch mixing mistake The attached feed bin of journey and belt conveyor, workshop are blown odor removal and the gas skirt that can move up and down, boiler heat supplying device, too Sun can generate electricity and for coordinating the automatic control system of technological equipment operation；
（2）, the automatic control system of technical process by host computer touch screen, control main website and control the distributed control that constitutes of slave station System processed completes.
2. according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Fermentation tank ground insulating layer be clipped in fermentation tank floor leveling layer and with Treat a kind of one layer between the ground of fermentation materials contact insulation material with heat-proof quality；Including：
（1）, be styrofoam for heat-insulated insulation layer material；
（2）, be polyurethane sheet or be sprayed on the polyurethane foaming layer above screed-coat for heat-insulated insulation layer material；
（3）, be extruded sheet for heat-insulated insulation layer material；
（4）, be perlite for heat-insulated insulation material and cement water mixing stirs into pasty state and is layered on above floor leveling layer one Layer heat-preserving complex material.
3. according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Fermentation tank ground zone of heating is clipped in heat-insulation layer upper surface and treats fermented product Between the ground of material contact one layer has two kinds of components of heating function；Including：
（1）, using electrically heated carbon fiber heating film to ground heat（Spring, summer, autumn）；
（2）, with hot water along fermentation tank ground spiral pipeline circulation heating to ground heat（Winter）.
4. according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：The aeration being supplied to fermentation tank by aerating pipelines is in fermentation initial period It is by electric heating heat exchanger（Spring, summer, autumn use）, hot water heating heat exchanger（Use in winter）Aeration is heated, makes Its temperature control exists（280C---380C）In the range of, controlled by ratio flow control valve to the gas supply flow in fermentation tank, pass through Flow is controlled oxygen content to be existed reaching material fermentation process（10%---20%）The requirement of/VOL scope, each fermentation tank by Each relatively independent air supply system is constituted；Including：
（1）, the relatively independent air supply system of each fermentation tank adds by aerator, valve, accumulation of energy air accumulator, electric heating heat exchanger, water Heat exchanger, flow proportion valve, aeration main line, aeration branch pipe road are constituted；
（2）, aeration supply air line one bye-pass of two neighboring fermentation tank（67）It is together in parallel and adds a valve（61）Make Two aerating pipelines are switched on or switched off composition aeration Redundancy Design；
（3）, aeration heating-up temperature exists（280C---380C）In the range of, slightly above sludge composting aerobic fermentation microbial reproduction is Good technological parameter（250C---350C）It is therefore an objective to aeration can produce heat-energy losses when supplying along pipeline to fermentation tank, to ensure The fermentation initial stage（Cloth terminates）Aeration in supply fermentation tank is in the optimal initial temperature range of microbial reproduction and with fermentation The temperature of material raises and controls aeration temperature following to raise；
（4）, aeration main line be laid on the center line of fermentation tank width along fermentation tank length direction, along fermentation well width side Outwards draw aeration branch pipe road to from main line, venthole is uniformly distributed perforate along bye-pass, this paving mode is effectively reduced Main line, bye-pass bending excessively use more pipe connecting piece, also reduce pipeline that is excessive due to bending and producing simultaneously Local pressure loss and bye-pass are laid along fermentation tank length direction and are damaged along stroke pressure due to the pipeline of the relatively long generation of pipeline Lose；
（5）, aeration autonomous system accumulation of energy air accumulator is set it is ensured that in fermentation tank the aeration pressure of supply uniformly, flow Stable beneficial effect.
5. according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：It is laid on above aerating pipelines and is completely layered on and can roll up on fermentation tank ground The ventilative weaving curtain of separated material rising is a kind of corrosion resistant nonmetallic materials, and weaving curtain both can isolate material not blocking aeration arm The effect of road passage, can make aeration in the equally distributed effect in fermentation tank bottom again；Including：
（1）, weaving curtain be with packing cratess packing plastic tape braiding form；
（2）, weaving curtain be with packing cratess packing nylon tape braiding form.
6. according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Turner, data acquisition car are along fermentation cell wall longitudinal direction installed above Track runs, and fermentation tank two ends are provided with the moving vehicle shifting the displacement of data collecting vehicle for turner, the wherein displacement of one end Car is used for turner and is displaced to another fermentation tank from a fermentation tank, and the moving vehicle of the other end is used for data acquisition car from one Fermentation tank is displaced to another fermentation tank, and the motor control of moving vehicle is using digital Full-closed loop servo control system, position therein Putting feedback element is the position encoded system of WCS or laser ranging, to meet position accuracy demand, to realize automatically controlling.
7. according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：The cloth of each fermentation tank, discharging are complete by running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine Become, the motor control of running vehicle type mechanical hand material distributing machine is using digital Full-closed loop servo control system, position feedback elements therein For the position encoded system of WCS or laser ranging, to meet position accuracy demand, to realize automatically controlling.
8. according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Run for cooperation fermentation plant air-supply odor removal, be conducive to thing In material sweat, the water vapour producing, foul smell are effectively excluded, and are provided with moving up and down of motor-driven above fermentation tank Gas skirt, the air that winter is sent into workshop is through the heated air of heat exchanger, and heating and temperature control is 200More than C, It is effectively reduced the condensed water that the water vapour that cold air and sweat produce crosses and produces, to reducing mill construction and workshop Beneficial effect is played in the corrosion of equipment.
9. according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：It is provided with solar energy power generating, institute's generated energy removes supply above Factory Building Outside some processes facilities use, unnecessary electricity feeds back to electrical network.
10. according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Whole sludge composting quick aerobic fermentation technological equipment and technique mistake Journey automatically controls and is completed by the automation control system of complete set；Including：
（1）, control main website, it is the control heart of whole sludge composting aerobic fermentation process equipment, coordinates each slave station and carries out reality When data exchange and to slave station send control instruction, then by from the respective equipment of stand control press technological requirement execution；
（2）, whole control system by touch screen as host computer, can achieve manually and automatically control, use touch screen record data Collecting vehicle slave station feeds back to the data of main website, the automatic record of achievable data, the automatically number with the setting of touch screen internal reservoir According to being analyzed and in real time send data to main website, then slave station is controlled to send control instruction from main website to corresponding, by phase Answer from stand control corresponding equipment execution, sweat can be realized with automatic archiving with the data of touch screen record Automatic data collection, automatically record, automatically with the date comprision being previously set, automatic archiving storage so that according to fermentation Become thoroughly decomposed the final mass adjusting process parameter of product；
（3）, control main website and each data communication controlling between slave station to adopt PROFIBUS-DP according to field apparatus deployment scenarios Bus or PROFINET EPA and wireless data communication form are realized, and reduce the trouble of field wiring.
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CN108225426A (en) * 2018-01-10 2018-06-29 中国农业大学 A kind of Portable membrane compost intellectual monitoring control device and its application method
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CN107853190A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-03-30 江苏省农业科学院 Fermentation bed facility for the liftoff raising of livestock and poultry
CN108043166A (en) * 2017-12-19 2018-05-18 大连理工大学 A kind of damp and hot exhaust gas dehumidification deodorizing process device and method of biological treatment process
CN108225426A (en) * 2018-01-10 2018-06-29 中国农业大学 A kind of Portable membrane compost intellectual monitoring control device and its application method
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CN108467283A (en) * 2018-04-28 2018-08-31 南充禾香生物科技有限公司 A kind of box deodoration system
CN109851399A (en) * 2019-01-25 2019-06-07 福州创源同方水务有限公司 Sewage Sludge in Composting processing method
CN110204369A (en) * 2019-05-16 2019-09-06 蒋兰琴 Sludge fermentation fertilizer process units
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CN112521199A (en) * 2019-08-27 2021-03-19 王树岩 Organic solid waste zero-additive auxiliary material aerobic fermentation integrated system
CN110885262A (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-03-17 哈尔滨盛世康虹生物技术有限公司 Cold region intelligent straw bio-fertilizer ferment promoting fertilizer dual fermentation tank
CN110862279A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-03-06 华中农业大学 Crawler-type unmanned organic fertilizer turner based on laser radar navigation
CN111320494A (en) * 2020-02-27 2020-06-23 孙鹏 Novel high-efficient full-automatic composting equipment
CN111732460A (en) * 2020-07-06 2020-10-02 西原环保工程(上海)有限公司 Sludge compost odor control method and system
CN112457080A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-09 河北绿土洁生物科技有限公司 Regulation and control type compost fermentation process
CN113511930A (en) * 2021-07-09 2021-10-19 北京四良科技有限公司 Container type compost fermentation workshop
CN114315450A (en) * 2021-11-09 2022-04-12 金华市惠君农业科技有限公司 Aeration system for organic fertilizer compost
CN114538978A (en) * 2022-03-17 2022-05-27 甘肃省科学院生物研究所 Circulating heat compensation type organic fertilizer fermentation device in cold area and use method thereof
CN114956883A (en) * 2022-05-31 2022-08-30 北京中持绿色能源环境技术有限公司 Intelligent control system and method for aerobic composting
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