CN106396684A - 一种高强、高韧的陶瓷复合材料及其制备 - Google Patents

一种高强、高韧的陶瓷复合材料及其制备 Download PDF

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CN106396684A
CN106396684A CN201610763672.7A CN201610763672A CN106396684A CN 106396684 A CN106396684 A CN 106396684A CN 201610763672 A CN201610763672 A CN 201610763672A CN 106396684 A CN106396684 A CN 106396684A
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谢超
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高强、高韧的陶瓷复合材料及其制备,通过如下重量份的原料制备而成:纳米碳化钛,35‑45份;纳米氮化钛,30‑40份;纳米碳化硅,25‑35份;方解石粉,5‑15份;改性纳米伊里土,5‑15份;去离子水,8‑12份;矿物油,6‑10份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,3‑5份;富马酸,2‑4份;所述改性纳米伊里土的制备方法为:将60‑80重量份的纳米伊里土放入质量分数为20‑30%冰醋酸溶液浸泡3‑5小时后,取出冲洗至中性,50‑60℃烘干至含水量为3‑5%;加入4‑6份蓖麻油混合均匀,再加入3‑5份二巯基丙醇、1‑3份纳米石墨粉,混合研磨,过200目筛即得。本发明提供的陶瓷复合材料硬度、强度和韧度高,且制备方法简易。

Description

一种高强、高韧的陶瓷复合材料及其制备
技术领域
本发明属于材料领域,具体涉及一种高强、高韧的陶瓷复合材料及其制备。
背景技术
复合材料通常具有不同材料相互取长补短的良好综合性能。复合材料兼有两种或两种以上材料的特点,能改善单一材料的性能,如提高强度、增加韧性和改善介电性能等。作为高温结构材料用的陶瓷复合材料,主要用于宇航,军工等部门。此外,在机械、化工、电子技术等领域也广泛采用各种陶瓷复合材料。
陶瓷基复合材料是以陶瓷为基体与各种纤维复合的一类复合材料。陶瓷基体可为氮化硅、碳化硅等高温结构陶瓷。这些先进陶瓷具有耐高温、高强度和刚度、相对重量较轻、抗腐蚀等优异性能,而其致命的弱点是具有脆性,处于应力状态时,会产生裂纹,甚至断裂导致材料失效。而采用高强度、高弹性的纤维与基体复合,则是提高陶瓷韧性和可靠性的一个有效的方法。纤维能阻止裂纹的扩展,从而得到有优良韧性的纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料。陶瓷基复合材料具有优异的耐高温性能,主要用作高温及耐磨制品。
现有陶瓷复合材料的韧性有待提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高强、高韧的陶瓷复合材料及其制备。
本发明的上述目的是通过下面的技术方案得以实现的:
一种陶瓷复合材料,通过如下重量份的原料制备而成:纳米碳化钛,35-45份;纳米氮化钛,30-40份;纳米碳化硅,25-35份;方解石粉,5-15份;改性纳米伊里土,5-15份;去离子水,8-12份;矿物油,6-10份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,3-5份;富马酸,2-4份;所述改性纳米伊里土的制备方法为:将60-80重量份的纳米伊里土放入质量分数为20-30%冰醋酸溶液浸泡3-5小时后,取出冲洗至中性,50-60℃烘干至含水量为3-5%;加入4-6份蓖麻油混合均匀,再加入3-5份二巯基丙醇、1-3份纳米石墨粉,混合研磨,过200目筛即得。
优选地,所述改性纳米伊里土的制备方法为:将70重量份的纳米伊里土放入质量分数为25%冰醋酸溶液浸泡4小时后,取出冲洗至中性,55℃烘干至含水量为4%;加入5份蓖麻油混合均匀,再加入4份二巯基丙醇、2份纳米石墨粉,混合研磨,过200目筛即得。
优选地,所述的陶瓷复合材料通过如下重量份原料制成:纳米碳化钛,40份;纳米氮化钛,35份;纳米碳化硅,30份;方解石粉,10份;改性纳米伊里土,10份;去离子水,10份;矿物油,8份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,4份;富马酸,3份。
优选地,所述的陶瓷复合材料通过如下重量份原料制成:纳米碳化钛,35份;纳米氮化钛,30份;纳米碳化硅,25份;方解石粉,5份;改性纳米伊里土,5份;去离子水,8份;矿物油,6份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,3份;富马酸,2份。
优选地,所述的陶瓷复合材料通过如下重量份原料制成:纳米碳化钛,45份;纳米氮化钛,40份;纳米碳化硅,35份;方解石粉,15份;改性纳米伊里土,15份;去离子水,12份;矿物油,10份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,5份;富马酸,4份。
上述陶瓷复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤S1,将纳米碳化钛、纳米氮化钛、纳米碳化硅、方解石粉和改性纳米伊里土混合球磨后过200-300目筛,850-950℃煅烧0.5-1.5小时,得混合颗粒;
步骤S2,向步骤S1所得混合颗粒中加入剩余物料后球磨至混合均匀,120-140℃烘干;
步骤S3,1650-1750℃下热压,热压压力为25-35MPa,热压时间为50-60分钟。
本发明的优点:
本发明提供的陶瓷复合材料硬度、强度和韧度高,且制备方法简易。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明的实质性内容,但并不以此限定本发明保护范围。尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
实施例1:陶瓷复合材料的制备
原料重量份比:纳米碳化钛,40份;纳米氮化钛,35份;纳米碳化硅,30份;方解石粉,10份;改性纳米伊里土,10份;去离子水,10份;矿物油,8份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,4份;富马酸,3份。
其中,所述改性纳米伊里土的制备方法为:将70重量份的纳米伊里土放入质量分数为25%冰醋酸溶液浸泡4小时后,取出冲洗至中性,55℃烘干至含水量为4%;加入5份蓖麻油混合均匀,再加入4份二巯基丙醇、2份纳米石墨粉,混合研磨,过200目筛即得。
陶瓷复合材料的制备方法:
步骤S1,将纳米碳化钛、纳米氮化钛、纳米碳化硅、方解石粉和改性纳米伊里土混合球磨后过250目筛,900℃煅烧1小时,得混合颗粒;
步骤S2,向步骤S1所得混合颗粒中加入剩余物料后球磨至混合均匀,130℃烘干;
步骤S3,1700℃下热压,热压压力为30MPa,热压时间为55分钟。
实施例2:陶瓷复合材料的制备
原料重量份比:纳米碳化钛,35份;纳米氮化钛,30份;纳米碳化硅,25份;方解石粉,5份;改性纳米伊里土,5份;去离子水,8份;矿物油,6份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,3份;富马酸,2份。
其中,所述改性纳米伊里土的制备方法为:将70重量份的纳米伊里土放入质量分数为25%冰醋酸溶液浸泡4小时后,取出冲洗至中性,55℃烘干至含水量为4%;加入5份蓖麻油混合均匀,再加入4份二巯基丙醇、2份纳米石墨粉,混合研磨,过200目筛即得。
陶瓷复合材料的制备方法:
步骤S1,将纳米碳化钛、纳米氮化钛、纳米碳化硅、方解石粉和改性纳米伊里土混合球磨后过250目筛,900℃煅烧1小时,得混合颗粒;
步骤S2,向步骤S1所得混合颗粒中加入剩余物料后球磨至混合均匀,130℃烘干;
步骤S3,1700℃下热压,热压压力为30MPa,热压时间为55分钟。
实施例3:陶瓷复合材料的制备
原料重量份比:纳米碳化钛,45份;纳米氮化钛,40份;纳米碳化硅,35份;方解石粉,15份;改性纳米伊里土,15份;去离子水,12份;矿物油,10份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,5份;富马酸,4份。
其中,所述改性纳米伊里土的制备方法为:将70重量份的纳米伊里土放入质量分数为25%冰醋酸溶液浸泡4小时后,取出冲洗至中性,55℃烘干至含水量为4%;加入5份蓖麻油混合均匀,再加入4份二巯基丙醇、2份纳米石墨粉,混合研磨,过200目筛即得。
陶瓷复合材料的制备方法:
步骤S1,将纳米碳化钛、纳米氮化钛、纳米碳化硅、方解石粉和改性纳米伊里土混合球磨后过250目筛,900℃煅烧1小时,得混合颗粒;
步骤S2,向步骤S1所得混合颗粒中加入剩余物料后球磨至混合均匀,130℃烘干;
步骤S3,1700℃下热压,热压压力为30MPa,热压时间为55分钟。
实施例4:陶瓷复合材料的制备
原料重量份比:纳米碳化钛,40份;纳米氮化钛,35份;纳米碳化硅,30份;方解石粉,10份;改性纳米伊里土,8份;去离子水,10份;矿物油,8份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,4份;富马酸,3份。
其中,所述改性纳米伊里土的制备方法为:将70重量份的纳米伊里土放入质量分数为25%冰醋酸溶液浸泡4小时后,取出冲洗至中性,55℃烘干至含水量为4%;加入5份蓖麻油混合均匀,再加入4份二巯基丙醇、2份纳米石墨粉,混合研磨,过200目筛即得。
陶瓷复合材料的制备方法:
步骤S1,将纳米碳化钛、纳米氮化钛、纳米碳化硅、方解石粉和改性纳米伊里土混合球磨后过250目筛,900℃煅烧1小时,得混合颗粒;
步骤S2,向步骤S1所得混合颗粒中加入剩余物料后球磨至混合均匀,130℃烘干;
步骤S3,1700℃下热压,热压压力为30MPa,热压时间为55分钟。
实施例5:陶瓷复合材料的制备
原料重量份比:纳米碳化钛,40份;纳米氮化钛,35份;纳米碳化硅,30份;方解石粉,10份;改性纳米伊里土,12份;去离子水,10份;矿物油,8份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,4份;富马酸,3份。
其中,所述改性纳米伊里土的制备方法为:将70重量份的纳米伊里土放入质量分数为25%冰醋酸溶液浸泡4小时后,取出冲洗至中性,55℃烘干至含水量为4%;加入5份蓖麻油混合均匀,再加入4份二巯基丙醇、2份纳米石墨粉,混合研磨,过200目筛即得。
陶瓷复合材料的制备方法:
步骤S1,将纳米碳化钛、纳米氮化钛、纳米碳化硅、方解石粉和改性纳米伊里土混合球磨后过250目筛,900℃煅烧1小时,得混合颗粒;
步骤S2,向步骤S1所得混合颗粒中加入剩余物料后球磨至混合均匀,130℃烘干;
步骤S3,1700℃下热压,热压压力为30MPa,热压时间为55分钟。
实施例6:对比实施例,纳米伊里土不改性
原料重量份比:
纳米碳化钛,40份;纳米氮化钛,35份;纳米碳化硅,30份;方解石粉,10份;纳米伊里土,10份;去离子水,10份;矿物油,8份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,4份;富马酸,3份。
陶瓷复合材料的制备方法:
步骤S1,将纳米碳化钛、纳米氮化钛、纳米碳化硅、方解石粉和纳米伊里土混合球磨后过250目筛,900℃煅烧1小时,得混合颗粒;
步骤S2,向步骤S1所得混合颗粒中加入剩余物料后球磨至混合均匀,130℃烘干;
步骤S3,1700℃下热压,热压压力为30MPa,热压时间为55分钟。
实施例7:效果实施例
分别测试实施例1-6制备的陶瓷复合材料的硬度、强度和韧度,结果见下表:
维氏硬度(GPa) 抗弯强度(MPa) 断裂韧度(MPa·m1/2)
实施例1 125 1290 20
实施例6 118 1240 6
实施例2-5与实施例1基本一致,不再一一罗列。
结果表明,本发明提供的复合材料硬度、强度和韧度高,且制备方法简易。
上述实施例的作用在于说明本发明的实质性内容,但并不以此限定本发明的保护范围。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种陶瓷复合材料,其特征在于,通过如下重量份的原料制备而成:纳米碳化钛,35-45份;纳米氮化钛,30-40份;纳米碳化硅,25-35份;方解石粉,5-15份;改性纳米伊里土,5-15份;去离子水,8-12份;矿物油,6-10份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,3-5份;富马酸,2-4份;所述改性纳米伊里土的制备方法为:将60-80重量份的纳米伊里土放入质量分数为20-30%冰醋酸溶液浸泡3-5小时后,取出冲洗至中性,50-60℃烘干至含水量为3-5%;加入4-6份蓖麻油混合均匀,再加入3-5份二巯基丙醇、1-3份纳米石墨粉,混合研磨,过200目筛即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷复合材料,其特征在于,所述改性纳米伊里土的制备方法为:将70重量份的纳米伊里土放入质量分数为25%冰醋酸溶液浸泡4小时后,取出冲洗至中性,55℃烘干至含水量为4%;加入5份蓖麻油混合均匀,再加入4份二巯基丙醇、2份纳米石墨粉,混合研磨,过200目筛即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷复合材料,其特征在于,通过如下重量份原料制成:纳米碳化钛,40份;纳米氮化钛,35份;纳米碳化硅,30份;方解石粉,10份;改性纳米伊里土,10份;去离子水,10份;矿物油,8份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,4份;富马酸,3份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷复合材料,其特征在于,通过如下重量份原料制成:纳米碳化钛,35份;纳米氮化钛,30份;纳米碳化硅,25份;方解石粉,5份;改性纳米伊里土,5份;去离子水,8份;矿物油,6份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,3份;富马酸,2份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷复合材料,其特征在于,通过如下重量份原料制成:纳米碳化钛,45份;纳米氮化钛,40份;纳米碳化硅,35份;方解石粉,15份;改性纳米伊里土,15份;去离子水,12份;矿物油,10份;硅烷偶联剂KH560,5份;富马酸,4份。
6.权利要求1-5任一所述陶瓷复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤S1,将纳米碳化钛、纳米氮化钛、纳米碳化硅、方解石粉和改性纳米伊里土混合球磨后过200-300目筛,850-950℃煅烧0.5-1.5小时,得混合颗粒;
步骤S2,向步骤S1所得混合颗粒中加入剩余物料后球磨至混合均匀,120-140℃烘干;
步骤S3,1650-1750℃下热压,热压压力为25-35MPa,热压时间为50-60分钟。
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