CN106393705A - 一种塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法 - Google Patents

一种塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106393705A
CN106393705A CN201610590686.3A CN201610590686A CN106393705A CN 106393705 A CN106393705 A CN 106393705A CN 201610590686 A CN201610590686 A CN 201610590686A CN 106393705 A CN106393705 A CN 106393705A
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China
Prior art keywords
metal
plastic
interface
laser
plastic components
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Pending
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CN201610590686.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
张婧
张成聪
封小松
张崇印
熊艳艳
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Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co Ltd
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Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610590686.3A priority Critical patent/CN106393705A/zh
Publication of CN106393705A publication Critical patent/CN106393705A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/44—Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
    • B29C65/8246—Pressure tests, e.g. hydrostatic pressure tests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
    • B29C66/00143—Active gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0246—Cutting or perforating, e.g. burning away by using a laser or using hot air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/026—Chemical pre-treatments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1242—Tongue and groove joints comprising interlocking undercuts
    • B29C66/12423—Dovetailed interlocking undercuts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12449—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being asymmetric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12469—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being asymmetric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2422—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being circular, oval or elliptical
    • B29C66/24221—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being circular, oval or elliptical being circular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30321—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30322—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined in the form of rugosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法，包括以下步骤：S1、对待连接的金属部件表面进行激光毛化处理，使金属部件表面产生局部凸起和凹陷，并形成金属氧化物层；S2、对经过激光毛化处理的金属部件和待连接的塑料部件进行热压，使金属部件和塑料部件粘合在一起；S3、使用离焦激光束穿透塑料部件，到达塑料部件和金属部件的界面上，使界面处的塑料部件局部熔化。本发明提供的塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法操作简单，通过在金属表面形成所需的局部凸起和凹陷及界面处的局部加热及控温来提升塑料与金属的机械咬合及化学键合程度，促进塑料和金属界面的紧密结合，从而提高塑料和金属异质结构的界面结合强度及气密性。

Description

一种塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法
技术领域
本发明涉及异质结构连接领域，特别涉及一种塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法。
背景技术
塑料/金属异质密封结构可以充分发挥塑料及金属的特性、满足强度和密封性等各方面的要求，已经较为广泛的应用于航天、航空、汽车、通讯电子等领域的阀芯密封结构、流体传感器密封件等。
塑料/金属异质密封结构中塑料与金属部件的连接一般有两种方式：冷压粘胶方法及热压方法。其中，采用冷压粘接方法时，粘胶完成后胶水需进行常温固化或高温固化，生产效率低。而且，目前可获得的粘接性能较差，胶水在服役过程中易于出现破裂，无法保证产品的密封性能。采用热压方法主要依靠的是熔化的塑料填入金属表面的微观凸起及凹陷内形成机械咬合。为增强塑料与金属的机械咬合，在热压前通常需要对金属表面进行表面机械喷砂处理，但机械喷砂可获得的表面粗糙度有限（最高10μm），特别是对于硬度较大的金属部件，比如钢制部件，由于基体较硬，采用机械喷砂可获得的粗糙度非常低，致使塑料与金属在界面的机械咬合效应弱，难以满足实际产品中的强度、气密性等指标。而且机械喷砂得到的金属表面形貌具有随机性和不可控性，导致产品性能分散度大，可靠性难以保证。而且，由于塑料的熔点较低，为防止塑料整体过热导致的性能恶化，热压成型时温度一般控制的偏低，而金属导热系数远大于塑料，因此常常导致界面处塑料熔化不充分，无法充分填入金属表面的微观凸起及凹陷内，因此，这种方式形成的塑料/金属界面结合通常较弱。
激光毛化技术作为一种非接触性的毛化技术，具有毛化点形状和分布可控，形貌排列有序，粗糙度可大范围调整，重复性好，毛化效果不依赖于喷砂颗粒与材料表面相对硬度等诸多优势。现已广泛应用于冷轧钢板及轧辊领域，且在汽车、航空航天、电子等领域具有广泛的推广应用价值和前景。但目前该项技术尚未有应用于塑料/金属异质密封结构的先例。
塑料与金属异质结构激光连接的原理是塑料与金属搭接在一起，当激光穿过上部透光的塑料材料而被下部吸光的金属所吸收，在界面处产生热量使上下两种材料发生熔化形成精密、牢固和密封的界面连接。塑料与金属界面连接机理主要有两种：一是二者的机械咬合，二是塑料中的活性官能团与金属中的某些化学元素及金属氧化物形成的化学键合。根据报道，Al、Mg、Si、Zn及不锈钢中的Cr及Cr的氧化物等等，均能与塑料中的羟基及羧基等形成Me-O-C键（Me为金属元素）。特别是这些金属元素形成的氧化物，与活性基团形成化学键的倾向更强。采用激光毛化后，一方面，机械咬合程度可以加大；另一方面，毛化后形成的金属表面凸起及凹陷增大了化学键合的面积，表面形成的金属氧化物也有利于促进化学键合的形成。
综上，传统的冷压粘胶及机械喷砂+热压方法难以满足塑料/金属异质密封结构的强度、气密性等指标。为提升此类结构的性能及可靠性，增强塑料与金属在界面的结合是关键。采用塑料/金属异质结构的激光辅助热压连接方法是提升界面结合的有效途径。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：提供一种塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法，包括以下步骤：S1、对待连接的金属部件表面进行激光毛化处理，使所述金属部件表面产生局部凸起和凹陷，并形成金属氧化物层；S2、对所述经过激光毛化处理的金属部件和待连接的塑料部件进行热压，使所述金属部件和塑料部件粘合在一起；S3、使用离焦激光束穿透所述塑料部件，到达所述塑料部件和金属部件的界面上，使所述界面处的塑料部件局部熔化。
进一步地，所述激光毛化处理完成后，采用表面形貌仪进行测量，以考察金属表面凸起和凹陷高度差和毛化形貌密度。
进一步地，所述金属部件表面激光毛化处理后，凸起和凹陷高度差≥20μm，毛化形貌密度≥1/mm2。
进一步地，所述界面区域温度高于所述塑料部件的熔点，低于所述塑料部件的分解温度。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
1、相比机械喷砂手段，金属表面激光毛化后可形成大的表面粗糙度，增强塑料与金属在界面处的机械咬合，有助于提高界面结合强度及气密性；
2、金属表面激光毛化后形成的凸起及凹陷增大了塑料与金属的化学键合面积，表面形成的金属氧化物也有利于促进化学键合的形成，从而进一步提高界面结合强度及气密性；
3、可根据实际需求，灵活调节激光毛化工艺参数，在金属表面创造不同的微观“凸起”及“凹陷”形貌特征，即可针对不同产品结构及性能需求实现对塑料/金属界面的微观结构设计，增大塑料/金属异质密封结构产品的可控性及灵活性；
4、对塑料与金属进行激光连接，可以实现对界面的局部加热，有效避免热压过程中塑料构件整体受热导致的性能恶化，还可以有效避免界面处塑料熔化不足导致的界面结合不良；
5、采用塑料与金属激光连接取代粘胶接，可有效避免胶水在服役过程中的破裂问题，可靠性高；
6、对塑料与金属进行激光连接时，由于激光的非接触特性，塑料制品不会发生污染，并极大地减小了连接过程中产生的振动应力和热应力，还可以进行三维复杂曲面的高速连接，生产效率高、有利于大规模的工业应用。
附图说明
下面结合附图对发明作进一步说明：
图1是本发明实施例的塑料和金属异质结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例的对金属部件表面进行激光毛化的过程示意图；
图3是本发明实施例的金属部件表面激光毛化后的金属表面；
图4是本发明实施例的对塑料和金属异质结构热压接头进行激光连接的过程示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明提出的塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法作进一步详细说明。需说明的是，附图均采用非常简化的形式且均使用非精准的比率，仅用以方便、明晰地辅助说明本发明实施例的目的。
实施例1：如图1所示的某种塑料/金属异质密封结构，由金属部件1及塑料部件2组成，本发明提供一种塑料/金属异质密封结构的激光辅助热压连接方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、如图2所示，对金属部件1表面进行激光毛化处理，采用脉冲激光3，在喷嘴4中喷出的辅助气体5作用下，在金属表面所需部位产生图3中所需的局部凸起和凹陷6；
S2、塑料部件2与金属部件1的激光连接，如图4所示，离焦激光束3穿透塑料到达塑料/金属界面上，激光能量在界面处为金属所吸收，产生热量，并由金属经界面向塑料传导，造成界面处塑料的局部区域发生熔化7，充填金属表面的凸起和凹陷，形成二者的机械咬合，并促进塑料中活性基团与金属及金属氧化物的化学键合，从而加强塑料与金属基体在界面处的结合。必要时，可采取适当的加压手段促进界面结合。
对在上述条件下进行激光毛化后的金属表面采用表面形貌仪进行测量，以考察金属表面凸起和凹陷高度差，以及毛化形貌密度；对毛化后金属表面横截面金相观察以考察氧化膜厚度；并对塑料/金属激光连接后的界面进行气密性测试。
激光毛化时选用母材为不锈钢，采用光纤激光器，聚焦光斑直径为0.6mm，激光功率为300W～1500W，扫描速度在2.4m/m～36m/min范围内，脉冲频率为100Hz～1000Hz，占空比在50%～75%之间，辅助气体为Ar、Ar+CO2,侧吹角度25%～45%，气流量为15～25L/min，激光扫描次数可为单次或多次，对应得到的毛化凸起和凹陷高度差在5μm～200μm之间可调，氧化膜厚度为0~5μm。优选的，所述金属表面毛化的凸起和凹陷高度差不低于20μm，密度不低于1/mm2。
塑料/不锈钢激光连接时，选用塑料基体为PA、PET及PA6，采用光纤激光器，聚焦光斑直径为0.6mm，激光功率为400W～1000W，离焦量为50mm～150mm，扫描速度为400～1000mm/min。优选的，激光连接工艺参数需严格控制以促进塑料在界面处熔化与流动的同时，不造成塑料的热损伤（界面区域温度控制在塑料的熔点以上，分解温度以下）。经测试，采用激光辅助热压连接可将此密封构件气密性合格率提升至85%以上，高于机械喷砂+热压方法（低于35%）。
实施例2：针对实施例1中所述的塑料/金属异质密封结构，并采用与实施例1相同的表面形貌及气密性测试方法。选用母材为铝合金，采用光纤激光器，聚焦光斑直径为0.6mm，激光功率为1500W～3000W，扫描速度在2.4m/m～36m/min范围内，脉冲频率为100Hz～1000Hz，占空比在50%～75%之间，辅助气体为Ar,侧吹角度20%～30%，气流量为10～15L/min，激光扫描次数为单次，对应得到的毛化凸起和凹陷高度差在5μm～30μm之间可调，氧化膜厚度为0~10μm。优选的，所述金属表面毛化的凸起和凹陷高度差不低于15μm，密度不低于1/mm2。
塑料/铝合金激光连接时，选用塑料基体为PA、PET及PA6，采用光纤激光器，聚焦光斑直径为0.6mm，激光功率为600W～2000W，离焦量为30mm～100m，扫描速度为400～1000mm/min。优选的，激光连接工艺参数需严格控制以促进塑料在界面处熔化与流动的同时，不造成塑料的热损伤（界面区域温度控制在塑料的熔点以上，分解温度以下）。经测试，采用激光辅助热压连接可将此密封构件气密性合格率提升至95%以上，高于机械喷砂+热压方法（低于85%）。
由上述实施例可知，本发明的方法操作简单，采用金属表面激光毛化+塑料/金属的激光连接相结合的方法，通过在金属表面形成所需的局部凸起和凹陷及界面处的局部加热及控温来提升塑料与金属的机械咬合及化学键合程度，促进塑料/金属界面的紧密结合，从而提高塑料/金属异质密封结构的界面结合强度及气密性。
本说明书中对于实施例公开的系统而言，由于与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变形而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (5)

1.一种塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、对待连接的金属部件表面进行激光毛化处理，使所述金属部件表面产生局部凸起和凹陷，并形成金属氧化物层；
S2、对所述经过激光毛化处理的金属部件和待连接的塑料部件进行热压，使所述金属部件和塑料部件粘合在一起；
S3、使用离焦激光束穿透所述塑料部件，到达所述塑料部件和金属部件的界面上，使所述界面处的塑料部件局部熔化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，所述激光毛化处理使用脉冲激光。
3.根据权利要求1所述的塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，所述激光毛化处理完成后，采用表面形貌仪进行测量，以考察金属表面凸起和凹陷高度差和毛化形貌密度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，所述金属部件表面激光毛化处理后，凸起和凹陷高度差≥20μm，毛化形貌密度≥1/mm2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的塑料和金属异质结构的连接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3中，所述界面区域温度高于所述塑料部件的熔点，低于所述塑料部件的分解温度。
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CN115122650A (zh) * 2021-03-25 2022-09-30 亨弗劳恩(江苏)复合材料研发有限公司 一种金属部件和塑料部件的焊接方法及由其获得的产品
CN115851142A (zh) * 2022-11-24 2023-03-28 歌尔科技有限公司 金属表面处理方法以及金属粘接件
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