CN110466217B - 一种纤维金属层合板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种纤维金属层合板及其制备方法，属于复合材料制备技术领域。本发明的纤维金属层合板是由金属板材和预浸料层叠而成，并且在一定的温度和压力下固化而成的一种超混杂复合材料。该制备方法包括以下步骤：步骤（一）、金属板材表面采用增材制造技术制备出金属表面带有一定高度的“凸起”结构，金属板表面的预处理；步骤（二）、预浸料的剪裁以及在模具内的铺放；步骤（三）预浸料层的预压、表面扎孔以及二次剪裁；步骤（四）金属层和预浸料层的层叠铺放及热压成型。采用该方法制备的纤维金属层合板能够提升金属和复合材料界面的连接强度，抑制分层，同时能够改善纤维金属层合板的层间性能，提高层间剪切强度和损伤容限。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料制备技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种纤维金属层合板及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前航空航天领域对于高性能轻量化复合材料的应用越来越广泛，刺激着先进复合材料制造的发展。而纤维金属层合板由金属和纤维增强复合材料交替铺层后，在一定温度和压力下固化而成的层间混杂复合材料，第一代纤维金属层合板由荷兰代尔夫特理工大学在二十世纪七十年代设计制造，这种层叠材料克服了金属材料和复合材料的缺点，并且结合了复合材料和金属的优点，具有质轻，耐疲劳，耐腐蚀，阻燃性好的特性，被用于机翼材料，而随着技术的发展，一代代的纤维金属层合板克服各种缺陷而相继问世，并且具有高的损伤容限和抗冲击性能，在航空航天领域得到了广泛的应用，而且在汽车、船舶、体育器材等领域也有较大的应用前景。
虽然纤维金属层合板有很多优点，但由于金属与复合材料之间的粘接性能对纤维金属层合板的力学性能有很大的影响，纤维和金属界面之间的结合性能较弱，在使用过程中容易发生分层损伤和剪切损伤，限制了其进一步的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服传统纤维金属层合板纤维层和金属层之间界面结合性能较弱的问题，通过该方法制备的纤维金属层合板界面结合能力显著增强，层合板损伤容限、层间剪切性能显著提升。
本发明的技术方案：
一种纤维金属层合板，包括表面带“凸起”结构的金属板和预浸料层；两金属板间夹有预浸料层，构成三明治结构；两金属板带有“凸起”结构相对且“凸起”结构交叉排列。
一种纤维金属层合板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤（一）金属板的准备：采用“增材技术”在金属板表面制造出不同间距、不同高度的“凸起”结构；
步骤（二）预浸料层的准备：将预浸料放在试验台上，在平板模具上喷涂脱模剂，并且放置隔离布；然后将预浸料铺设在平板模具上，每层铺放完毕后用滚轮进行滚压，防止表面产生褶皱；铺放完毕后包上真空袋，进行抽真空处理；
步骤（三）预浸料层的表面扎孔：将抽真空完毕后的预浸料层取出然后在表面用扎孔钉进行扎孔处理，孔间距与“凸起”结构的间距相对应；
步骤（四）模具表面处理：用砂纸对模具表面进行打磨，使其表面光滑；然后在模具表面内喷涂脱模剂，并放置隔离布；模具尺寸和结构根据待制备的纤维金属层合板尺寸和结构确定；
步骤（五）铺层：将带“凸起”结构的金属板铺放在下模具表面，然后在其“凸起”结构上铺步骤（三）得到的预浸料层，金属板的“凸起”结构嵌入到预浸料层孔内，同理，在预浸料层上再铺一层带“凸起”结构的金属板；然后将模具闭合；
步骤（六）抽真空：将铺层好的试件连同模具放入到真空袋中，保证其密封性良好，并用真空泵对真空袋进行抽真空处理。
步骤（七）热压固化：将抽真空完毕的模具放入热压机中进行热压固化，设置热压机的加热温度为120℃；升温速率为4℃/min；压力为1MPa；加热时间为2h。最后进行自然降温冷却至室温进行脱模。
所述的金属板为金属或合金材料。
所述的“凸起”结构为圆柱形或球头形。
所述的平板模具为金属平板模具。
本发明的有益效果：在本发明中通过采用金属表面的“凸起”结构增加了金属和纤维层之间的界面结合能力，层间剪切性能显著提升，而且耐冲击性能，抗疲劳性能均显著提升。采用热压成型工艺能够使其内部拉伸应力分布均匀，且对模具进行喷涂脱模剂，放置隔离布，保证固化后的纤维金属层合板容易脱模，且该方法制备的纤维金属层合板成本低，性能优越。
附图说明
图1为本发明实例中纤维金属层合板制备流程图。
图2a为本发明实例中所述的“凸起”结构为圆柱形的金属板。
图2b为本发明实例中所述的“凸起”结构为球头形的金属板。
图3a为本发明实例中所述的下模具。
图3b为本发明实例中所述的下模具。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1所示，该纤维金属层合板由上下表面带“凸起”结构，中间预浸料层构成。本发明所示的纤维金属层合板的制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤（一）：采用3D打印技术打印出带“凸起”结构的金属薄板，如图2a所示，金属板的尺寸为80×80×1mm，“凸起”结构为圆柱体，“凸起”结构的直径为1.5mm，高度为2mm，“凸起”结构的间距为10mm，该金属板采用线切割方式，将其切成尺寸为80×10×1mm的试样。
步骤（二）：预浸料采用的是T300平纹编制预浸料，将预浸料在工作台上进行剪裁，剪裁尺寸为90×15mm，共十层。在200×150mm的平板模具上喷涂脱模剂，并放置隔离布。然后将十层预浸料层叠铺放在平板模具上，每层铺放完毕后用滚轮在其表面进行滚压，使其表面贴合紧密且无褶皱。然后包真空袋进行抽真空处理。
步骤（三）：将抽真空完毕的预浸料取出后对其进行剪裁，剪裁尺寸为80×10mm，然后用扎孔钉在预浸料表面扎孔，孔间距为10mm，孔直径为1.5mm。
步骤（四）：铺设该纤维金属层合板的模具如图3a,图3b所示，下模具和上模具都有五个凹腔结构，凹腔尺寸为90×10mm×2mm，凹腔间距为5mm。首先用酒精对模具表面进行清洗，然后用细砂纸对模具表面进行打磨，使其表面光滑。
步骤（五）：首先将模具凹槽内喷涂脱模剂，并且放置隔离布，然后将80×10mm的带“凸起”结构的金属板放入凹槽内，然后在其上方放上剪裁完毕且扎孔的预浸料层。其中孔与“凸起”结构的位置一一对应。然后再铺一层带“凸起”结构的金属板，其中上下金属板“凸起”位置交叉排列，如图1所示。
步骤（六）铺层完毕后，上下模具进行合模，确保上下金属板均在上下模具的凹槽内，然后将模具包真空袋，并用真空泵进行抽真空处理，保证其气密性良好。
步骤（七）将抽真空完毕的模具放入热压机内进行热压固化，设置热压机的加热温度为120℃；升温速率为4℃/min；压力为1MPa；加热时间为2h。最后进行自然降温冷却至室温进行脱模。
以上内容详细描述了纤维金属层合板的制备方法，但是本发明并不局限于上述实施方案中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思中，可以对本发明的内容进行多种简单的变化，这些变化均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种纤维金属层合板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的纤维金属层合板包括表面带“凸起”结构的金属板和预浸料层；两金属板间夹有预浸料层，构成三明治结构；两金属板带有“凸起”结构相对且“凸起”结构交叉排列；
包括以下步骤：
步骤（一）金属板的准备：采用“增材技术”在金属板表面制造出“凸起”结构；“凸起”结构为圆柱体，直径为1.5mm，高度为2mm，“凸起”结构的间距为10mm；
步骤（二）预浸料层的准备：将预浸料放在试验台上，在平板模具上喷涂脱模剂，并且放置隔离布；然后将预浸料铺设在平板模具上，每层预浸料铺放完毕后用滚轮进行滚压，防止表面产生褶皱；铺放完毕后包上真空袋，进行抽真空处理；
步骤（三）预浸料层的表面扎孔：将抽真空完毕后的预浸料层取出然后在表面用扎孔钉进行扎孔处理，孔间距与“凸起”结构的间距相对应；
步骤（四）模具表面处理：用砂纸对模具表面进行打磨，使其表面光滑；然后在模具表面内喷涂脱模剂，并放置隔离布；模具尺寸和结构根据待制备的纤维金属层合板尺寸和结构确定；
步骤（五）铺层：将带“凸起”结构的金属板铺放在下模具表面，然后在其“凸起”结构上铺步骤（三）得到的预浸料层，金属板的“凸起”结构嵌入到预浸料层孔内，同理，在预浸料层上再铺一层带“凸起”结构的金属板；然后将模具闭合；
步骤（六）抽真空：将铺层好的试件连同模具放入到真空袋中，保证其密封性良好，并用真空泵对真空袋进行抽真空处理；
步骤（七）热压固化：将抽真空完毕的模具放入热压机中进行热压固化，设置热压机的加热温度为120℃；升温速率为4℃/min；压力为1MPa；加热时间为2h；最后进行自然降温冷却至室温进行脱模。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的金属板为金属或合金材料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的平板模具为金属平板模具。
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