CN106389964B - 一种奶牛回乳药物组合 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种奶牛回乳药物组合，以重量份计，其组成为：麦芽，11；朴硝，5；升麻，2；柴胡，3；香附，3；薏仁，4；蚕蜕，2；白术，6；黄芩，5；知母，4；苏梗，2；芡实，3；五味子，2.5；蒲公英，2；甘草，1.5。回乳药对高产奶牛促停奶作用效果明显，并可达到预防乳房炎的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种奶牛回乳药物组合。
背景技术
奶牛由于泌乳，机体消耗严重，需要干奶期恢复体质，为下一个泌乳期做充分准备。目前使用的传统回乳方式效果差，容易造成乳房炎、流产等副作用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种奶牛回乳药物组合。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种奶牛回乳药物组合，以重量份计，其组成为：麦芽，11；朴硝，5；升麻，2；柴胡，3；香附，3；薏仁，4；蚕蜕，2；白术，6；黄芩，5；知母，4；苏梗，2；芡实，3；五味子，2.5；蒲公英，2；甘草，1.5。
回乳药对高产奶牛促回乳作用效果明显，并可达到预防回乳期奶牛乳房炎的目的。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，对本发明进行详细说明。
1材料和方法
1.1试验动物：选择四川省某规模化奶牛场半封闭统一舍饲，体重582±41kg、2～4胎中国荷斯坦奶牛150头。从中选取体况良好，乳房、乳汁均正常，即将进入回乳期，产奶量为15.42±0.71kg的妊娠后期健康奶牛80头。随机分为A、B、C、D组，每组20头。各组均采用快速干奶法，回乳当天记为第0天，从第1天开始，A组为对照组，不饲喂中药，B、C、D组每日上午8:00分别饲喂回乳药400g、500g、600g，直至回乳，停止饲喂中药。
1.2试验药物：本发明提供的回乳药物组合，用中药粉碎机制备成0.1～0.3cm大小的颗粒，加入同等重量的水备用。
1.3试验仪器：酶标仪MK3雷勃：THERMO FISHER；洗板机MK2雷勃：THERMO FISHER；离心机英泰TG16：长沙英泰仪器有限公司；恒温箱DH3600A通利信达：天津市通利信达仪器。
1.4试验试剂：牛雌激素(E)、孕激素(P4)、催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)、氢化可的松(HC)和胰岛素(INS)双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附检测均采用美国RD公司ELISA试剂盒。
1.5试验方法
1.5.1血清采集：采集回乳过程中奶牛尾根静脉血10ml，置于未加抗凝剂的离心管中，室温下静置1h，以1500r/min离心10min，转移上层血清于EP管中，-20℃冻存，待检。
1.5.2 ELISA检测：采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附技术(ELISA)，严格按照检测试剂盒说明书进行牛E、P4、PRL、GH、HC和INS的检测。
1.6统计学处理：实验数据以平均数±标准差表示，采用t显著性检验，组间采用多重比较法。
2结果
如表1所示，各组回乳期奶牛产奶量均随时间推移呈下降趋势，回乳期需要时间分别是11天、7天、5天和5天，回乳第0天，各组间产奶量差异均不显著(P＞0.05)；第1天，B组产奶量极显著高于D组(P＜0.01)；第3至5天，A、B组产奶量均极显著高于C、D组(P＜0.01)，且A组产奶量极显著高于B组(P＜0.01)；第7天，A组产奶量极显著高于B组；C、D组产奶量在整个回乳期差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。
药物对回乳期奶牛产奶量的检测结果
注：同列肩标有不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)，不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)，有相同大、小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。
如表2所示，各组回乳期奶牛血清E含量均随时间推移呈下降趋势，回乳第0至1天，各组血清E含量差异均不显著(P＞0.05)；第3至7天，A组血清E含量极显著高于B组(P＜0.01)，A、B组血清E含量极显著高于C、D组(P＜0.01)；第9至11天，A组血清E含量极显著高于B、C、D组(P＜0.01)，B、C、D组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05)；C、D组血清E含量在整个回乳期差异性均不显著(P＞0.05)。
表2药物对回乳期奶牛血清E的检测结果(单位：pg/ml)
如表3所示，A组回乳期奶牛血清P4含量随时间推移无明显变化趋势，B、C、D组均呈下降趋势，并在回乳期后上升，回乳第0至1天，各组血清P4含量差异性均不显著(P＞0.05)；第3天，A、B组血清P4含量极显著低于C、D组(P＜0.01)，A组和B组、C组和D组差异性均不显著(P＞0.05)；第5天，A、B组血清P4含量极显著低于C、D组(P＜0.01)；第7至11天，B、C、D组血清P4含量均呈明显下降趋势；C、D组血清P4在整个回乳期差异性均不显著(P＞0.05)。
表3药物对回乳期奶牛血清P4的检测结果(单位：ng/ml)
如表4所示，在奶牛回乳期，各组奶牛血清PRL含量均随时间推移呈下降趋势，回乳第0天，A组血清PRL含量显著低于C、D组(P＜0.05)；第1天，PRL含量在4组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05)；第3至7天，A、B组血清PRL含量均极显著高于C、D组(P＜0.01)，且A组血清PRL含量在第5至7天极显著高于B组(P＜0.01)；第9至11天，A组血清PRL含量极显著高于B、C、D组(P＜0.01)；C、D组血清PRL含量在整个回乳期差异性均不显著(P＞0.05)。
表4药物对回乳期奶牛血清PRL的检测结果(单位：μIU/ml)
如表5所示，在奶牛回乳期，各组血清GH含量均呈下降趋势，并在回乳期后上升，第0至1天，血清GH含量在四组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05)；第3至5天，A、B组血清GH含量均极显著高于C、D组(P＜0.01)，A组血清GH含量极显著高于B组(P＜0.01)；第7天，A组血清GH含量极显著高于B、C、D组(P＜0.01)，B组极显著低于C、D组(P＜0.01)；第9天，A、B组血清GH含量均极显著低于C、D组(P＜0.01)；第11天，A组血清GH含量极显著低于B、C、D组(P＜0.01)，B组血清GH含量显著低于C组(P＜0.05)，B组血清GH含量极显著低于D组(P＜0.01)；C、D组血清GH含量在整个回乳期差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。
表5药物对回乳期奶牛血清GH的检测结果(单位：ng/ml)
如表6所示，在奶牛回乳期，各组血清HC含量均随时间推移呈下降趋势，回乳第0至1天，各组血清HC含量差异均不显著(P＞0.05)；第3至7天，A组血清HC含量极显著高于B、C、D组(P＜0.01)；第9天，A、D组血清HC含量均显著高于C组(P＜0.05)；第11天，A组血清HC含量极显著低于B、C、D组(P＜0.01)，且B组显著低于C、D组(P＜0.05)；C、D组血清HC含量在整个回乳期差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。
表6药物对回乳期奶牛血清HC的检测结果(单位：ng/ml)
如表7所示，在奶牛回乳期，各组奶牛血清INS含量均随时间推移呈上升趋势，回乳第0至1天，各组血清INS含量差异均不显著(P＞0.05)；第3至5天，A组血清INS含量极显著低于B、C、D组(P＜0.01)，B组显著低于C组(P＜0.05)；第7天，A、B组血清INS含量极显著低于C、D组(P＜0.01)，A组极显著低于B组(P＜0.01)；第9天，A组血清INS含量极显著低于B、C、D组(P＜0.01)，B组显著低于C、D组(P＜0.05)；第11天，A组极显著低于B、C组(P＜0.01)，A组显著低于D组(P＜0.05)；C、D组血清INS含量在整个回乳期均差异性不显著(P＞0.05)。
表7药物对回乳期奶牛血清INS的检测结果(单位：nIU/ml)
3讨论
3.1目前，人医运用麦芽口服，芒硝外敷等回乳方式已不少见。现有回乳方中多有麦芽，且已经人工合成麦角衍生物——卡麦角林对PRL的生成明显抑制，进而控制泌乳。然而，中药运用于奶牛回乳还未见研究报道，本试验结果显示，在奶牛回乳过程中，各组奶牛产奶量均随时间推移呈降低趋势，回乳第1天，400g组产奶量极显著高于500g组(P＜0.01)；第3至5天，对照组和400g组产奶量极显著高于500g、600g组(P＜0.01)，且对照组产奶量极显著高于400g组(P＜0.01)，表明了回乳药具有较好回乳效果，可能是回乳药以炒麦芽消食、回乳；升麻、柴胡、香附、白术疏肝理气；黄芩、知母、苏梗安胎；五味子、蒲公英固精敛阴，清热解毒，统筹全局，断其生化之源，使肝气调达四运，有效抑制乳汁分泌而回乳，500g、600g组产奶量在整个回乳期差异均不显著(P＞0.05)，表明回乳药在达到500g时，效果即可达到最佳。
3.2 E是卵巢和胎盘合成和分泌的一种类固醇激素，是乳腺发育、泌乳启动与维持必不可少的激素之一。乳腺发育早期，E和生长因子协同调控导管上皮末端终芽增生，乳腺发育中、后期，E促进乳腺导管生长，诱导P4受体表达，促进乳腺发育，提高乳腺上皮组织PRL水平，并与E受体(estrogen receptor，ER)结合直接发挥促乳功能，提高泌乳量。同时，E可诱导生长激素活性，影响胰岛素敏感性，间接调控乳腺泌乳。本研究发现，在奶牛回乳过程中，对照组奶牛血清E含量下降较中药组缓慢，回乳药400g组血清E含量在第3至7天极显著高于500g、600g组(P＜0.01)，第9至11天，400g组与500g、600g组差异不显著(P＞0.05)，500g组和600g组在整个回乳期差异不显著(P＞0.05)，说明回乳药对降低回乳期奶牛E含量效果明显，饲喂500g/日即可达到最佳效果，且中药组E含量在回乳期后无明显变化，可能是由于奶牛停止泌乳引起。表明回乳药能够使奶牛血清E降低，明显缩短回乳持续时间，从而降低回乳期乳房炎发病率。
3.3 P4是介于内分泌和免疫系统交互作用的重要因子，具有促进乳腺小叶及腺泡发育，维持妊娠等作用。在E刺激乳腺导管发育的基础上，P4能使乳腺发育更充分，刺激豚鼠乳腺增生，本研究结果显示，回乳药能够极显著提高回乳期奶牛血清P4含量(P＜0.01)，400g组在奶牛回乳期P4含量升高趋势较500g、600g组慢，且500g、600g组P4含量在整个回乳期差异均不显著(P＞0.05)，表明回乳药500g和600g饲喂量对奶牛回乳期血清P4含量影响一致，在停止饲喂回乳药后，P4含量有一定程度的下降，但各中药组仍极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01)，表明奶牛回乳期饲喂回乳药能够提高奶牛血清P4含量，以500g为佳，可能是由于回乳药中黄芩、苏梗、白术等中药提高妊娠奶牛体内P4含量引起，P4含量的升高使子宫内膜和子宫肌松弛，从而保证胎犊宫内生长发育。
3.4 PRL是垂体分泌的一种蛋白质激素，主要受神经内分泌调节，具有促进乳腺生长、启动和维持泌乳的作用。妇女哺乳期大量分泌PRL，其与乳腺中受体结合，激活JAK2激酶，通过JAK2/STAT5信号通路刺激乳腺发育，增强乳蛋白合成，促进乳汁生成、启动和维持。另有研究表明，通过抑制奶牛PRL可促使奶牛回乳。本研究结果发现，回乳期奶牛血清PRL含量随时间推移降低，第3至11天，空白对照组PRL含量均极显著高于中药组(P＜0.01)，且400g中药组下降趋势较500g、600g组缓慢，而500g、600g组PRL含量差异性不显著(P＞0.05)；在停喂回乳药后，各中药组血清PRL含量差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。表明在奶牛回乳过程中，回乳药能显著降低血清中PRL含量，且在回乳药500g时即可达到最佳，可能是麦芽与其它中药成分共同作用，刺激垂体降低PRL的分泌。
3.5 GH是由脑垂体分泌的一种单一肽链的蛋白质激素，有促进生长发育，调控泌乳等作用。运用牛生长素可调节奶牛机体物质代谢，提高饲料转化率，增加产奶量，对早期泌乳奶牛注射GH可增加产奶量，其主要通过JAK2/STAT5信号通路、IGF-I和GH受体等增加乳腺血流量，使营养成分向乳腺聚集，促进乳腺发育。本研究表明，在奶牛回乳过程中，对照组血清GH含量在回乳第1至11天均呈下降趋势，且在第3至7天，对照组血清GH含量极显著高于中药组(P＜0.01)，400g组在第3至5天极显著高于500g、600g组(P＜0.01)，随后，中药组GH含量均上升，且500g与600g组在整个回乳期差异性不显著(P＞0.05)。说明回乳药对回乳期奶牛降GH含量效果明显，每日饲喂500g即可达到最佳效果，且在回乳期后，中药组GH含量回升，推测回乳药对胎儿生长发育有促进作用，而对照组GH在回乳期呈现逐渐下降趋势，可能是由于对照组奶牛回乳速度较慢，GH还未达到回升期。表明回乳药能够使奶牛快速回乳，减少GH低含量持续时间，进而间接促进胎犊生长发育。
3.6 HC是哺乳动物肾上腺皮质分泌的主要糖皮质激素之一，近年来，关于HC对提高奶牛泌乳量及改善乳品质逐渐成为研究热点。HC与乳腺细胞胞内核受体结合，启动并调控泌乳相关基因表达和乳蛋白合成，通过基因组机制实现其生理和药理功能。HC能够增强PRL对酪蛋白mRNAs累积，进而对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖起重要调控。本研究发现，在奶牛回乳过程中，回乳药各组均可极显著降低血清HC含量(P＜0.01)，说明回乳药降HC含量效果明显，在回乳期后，中药组HC明显回升，且各中药组间差异性不显著(P＞0.05)，可能是由于奶牛及胎犊对糖、脂肪和蛋白质等代谢调节需求HC，而对照组继续下降，可能是由于对照组回乳持续时间较长，致使HC还未达到回升期，综上所述，奶牛在回乳期HC明显降低，并在回乳期后回升，表明各组回乳药降奶牛血清HC含量均有良好效果。
3.7 INS具有加强糖原合成、维持血糖恒定并调控泌乳等作用。其可激活胰岛素亚基受体I，通过配体约束力和自动磷酸化的诱导，促使生成INS受体蛋白位点，从而调控乳腺上皮细胞乳糖、乳脂的生物合成。但INS对反刍动物乳腺发育的作用仍存在争议，本研究显示，在奶牛回乳过程中，回乳药能够极显著提高回乳期奶牛INS含量(P＜0.01)，400g组在奶牛回乳期INS含量升高趋势较500g、600g组慢，且500g、600g组P4含量在整个回乳期差异均不显著(P＞0.05)，可能是回乳药中黄芩和知母等可提升INS含量，促进机体糖脂沉积，减少产奶量，表明回乳药500g和600g饲喂量对奶牛回乳期血清INS含量影响一致。
应当理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种奶牛回乳药物组合，其特征在于，以重量份计，其组成为：麦芽，11；朴硝，5；升麻，2；柴胡，3；香附，3；薏仁，4；蚕蜕，2；白术，6；黄芩，5；知母，4；苏梗，2；芡实，3；五味子，2.5；蒲公英，2；甘草，1.5。
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