CN106389821A - 一种治疗输血溶血反应的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗输血溶血反应的中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗输血溶血反应的中药制剂,它是由黄芪、红景天、太子参、北沙参、炒白术、茯苓、胡桃仁、白芍、当归、熟地黄、川芎、丹参、红花、续断、炒杜仲、桑寄生、阿胶、鹿角胶、菟丝子、枸杞子、桑葚子、黄明胶、墨旱莲、赤芍、山茱萸、补骨腊、麦冬、大枣、炙甘草按照一定的重量配比组成,具有消肿散瘀、益气生津、燥湿利水、滋阴补血的功效,能够有效治疗输血溶血反应。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药制剂,具体涉及一种治疗输血溶血反应的中药制剂。本发明还涉及该中药制剂的制备方法。
背景技术
输血溶血反应是指在输血过程中或结束后,因输入血液或其制品或所用输注用具而产生的不良反应。输血溶血反应所带来的症状主要有:1、过敏反应。过敏反应包括:荨麻疹、血管神经性水肿、关节痛、胸闷、气短、呼吸困难、低血压休克。2、非溶血性发热反应。输血后短期内或输血过程中即发生寒战、发热,发热者体温可达38℃~41℃,患者均出现恶心、呕吐、皮肤潮红,反应持续1~2小时,然后出汗、退烧。3、输血后紫癜。均在输血后7天左右发病,发病急剧,有明显的畏寒、高热、荨麻疹;时有头痛、胸痛、呼吸困难。有不同部位的出血、皮肤广泛的淤点与淤斑、齿龈出血、鼻出血、黑便。4、移植物抗宿主病。发热、皮肤潮红、皮疹、严重腹泻、肝脾肿大等。5、输血性血色病。临床上出现皮肤色素沉着、肝功能损害、糖尿病、心律不齐、心功能不全、性功能减退。
目前治疗输血溶血反应的多为应急性的,如注入地塞米松、肾上腺素等,这些虽然能快速缓解患者所出现的症状,但是像紫癜、非溶血性发热、血色病等症状,西药往往带来很大的副作用,给患者的身体带来一定的伤害。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种中药制剂,该中药制剂对于治疗输血溶血反应具有见效快,疗效显著,价格低廉,无毒副作用的特点。
本发明的另一目的是提供该治疗输血溶血反应的中药制剂的制备方法。
发明人在多年的临床医疗实践中,观察到输血溶血反应给患者带来的痛苦,根据该病症的发展规律,以及中药的配伍原则,并通过大量的临床验证,反复探索总结出一种治疗输血溶血反应的中药制剂的新配方,本发明选择黄芪、红景天、太子参、北沙参、炒白术、茯苓、胡桃仁、白芍、当归、熟地黄、川芎、丹参、红花、续断、炒杜仲、桑寄生、阿胶、鹿角胶、菟丝子、枸杞子、桑葚子、黄明胶、墨旱莲、赤芍、山茱萸、补骨脂、麦冬、大枣、炙甘草进行组合,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,使之具有消肿散瘀、益气生津、燥湿利水、滋阴补血的功效,从而能够有效治疗输血溶血反应。
本发明中药物的作用:
其中:
黄芪:为豆科植物蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao或膜荚黄芪Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.的干燥根。性味:甘,微温。归肺、脾、肝、肾经。功效:补气升阳、固表敛汗、利水消肿、托疮排脓、通调水道。在《本草汇言》中有记载:“黄芪,补肺健脾,实卫敛汗,驱风运毒之药也。故阳虚之人,自汗频来,乃表虚而腠理不密也,黄芪可以实卫而敛汗;伤寒之证,行发表而邪汗不出,乃里虚而正气内乏也,黄芪可以济津以助汗;贼风之疴,偏中血脉而手足不随者,黄芪可以荣筋骨;痈疡之证,脓血内溃,阳气虚而不敛者,黄芪可以生肌肉,又阴疮不能起发,阳气虚而不愈者,黄芪可以生肌肉。”本品在体外对志贺氏痢疾杆菌、炭疽杆菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、白喉杆菌、假白喉杆菌、肺炎双球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、柠檬色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌等均有抑制作用。黄芪擅长补中益气,为补气升阳的要药,并且补气利尿,以消肿。另外用黄芪治疗慢性肾炎有一定的疗效。
红景天:为景天科红景天属植物红景天Rhodiola saera(Prain)Fu,以全草入药。性味:甘、涩,寒。功效:补气清肺;益智养心;收涩止血;散瘀消肿。主气虚体弱;病后畏寒;气短乏力;肺热咳嗽;咯血;白带腹泻;跌打损伤;烫火伤;神经症;高原反应。
太子参:为石竹科太子参属(Pseudostellaria)植物太子参的干燥根。性味:甘,微苦,微温。归肺、脾经。功效:补益脾肺,益气生津。治肺虚咳嗽,脾虚食少,心悸,怔忡,水肿,消渴,精神疲乏。配麦冬,补肺并润肺养阴,用治肺阴亏虚的肺虚咳嗽最宜。配黄芪,补益之效大增,常用治劳倦乏力为效。在中医临床上使用非常广泛。一般素有口干、烦躁、心悸、失眠、乏力、食少、手足心热等气阴两虚症状的病人均可使用。太子参药性十分平稳,适合慢性病人长期大量服用,对于那些体虚而经受不住滋养药物峻补人是最佳的选择,并且不会引起血压升高,上火等症状。
北沙参:为伞形科植物珊瑚菜Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq.的干燥根。性味:甘、微苦、微寒。归肺、肾经。功效:养阴清肺、益胃生津。用于肺热燥咳、劳嗽痰血、热病津伤口渴。研究显示:北沙参不仅有解热镇痛的作用,还可以增强人体免疫力。
炒白术:为菊科植物白术Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.的干燥根茎。炒白术为将蜜炙麸皮撒入热锅内,待冒烟时加入白术片,炒至焦黄色、逸出焦香气,取出,筛去蜜炙麸皮。每100kg白术片,用蜜炙麸皮10kg。性味:苦、甘,温。归脾、胃经。功效:健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎,白术和茯苓配合使用,健脾渗湿以资化生之源,助党参益气补脾。白术既能补气健脾,又能燥湿利水,为健脾燥湿的要药。白术甘温补中,能补气健脾,还可固表止汗,和黄芪、太子参配伍,共奏补脾肺之功。同治虚劳,劳倦乏力者。白术抗菌作用明显:水浸液在试管内对絮状表皮癣菌、星形奴卡氏菌有抑制作用。煎剂对脑膜炎球菌亦有抑制作用。白术还具有促进造血的功能。
茯苓:为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos(Schw.)Wolf的干燥菌核。性味:甘、淡、平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。功效:利水渗湿,健脾宁心。本品甘补淡渗,既补又利,作用和缓,性平而无寒热之偏,为利水渗湿之要药。治疗水湿内行的水肿时,常配泽泻、猪苓。茯苓煎剂有明显镇静作用。《药征》:“主治悸及肉瞤筋惕,旁治头眩烦躁。”本品通过益心脾而安心神。多用于心脾两虚,气血不足之心神不安。
胡桃仁:为胡桃科植物胡桃的种仁。性味:甘,温。入肾、肺经。功效:补肾固精,温肺定喘,润肠,治肾虚喘嗽,腰痛脚弱,阳痿,遗精,小便频数,石淋,大便燥结。《医学衷中参西录》:胡桃,为滋补肝肾、强健筋骨之要药,故善治腰疼腿疼,一切筋骨疼痛。为其能补肾,故能固齿牙,乌须发,治虚劳喘嗽,气不归元,下焦虚寒,小便频数,女子崩带诸证。其性又能消坚开瘀,治心腹疼痛,砂淋、石淋杜塞作疼,肾败不能漉水,小便不利。
白芍:为双子叶植物毛茛科植物芍药Paeonia lactiflora Pall.的干燥根。性味:凉,苦酸,微寒。功效:补血柔肝、平肝止痛,敛阴收汗。炒白芍较之白芍药性稍缓,以养血敛阴为主。炒后长于养血和肝,多用于肝旺脾虚痛泻者,在此方中补血合营,调和脾胃,有利于其他药物的吸收。酒白芍除有生白芍的功效外,酒制后偏于养血活血,血虚兼寒凝血瘀之症最宜。研究表明:白芍中含有的芍药甙有抗菌、解热、抗炎、增加冠状动脉流量、改善心肌营养血流、扩张血管、对抗急性心肌缺血、抑制血小板聚集、镇静、镇痛、解痉、抗溃疡、调节血糖的作用。白芍煎剂能抑制痢疾杆菌、肺炎链球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、溶血性链球菌、绿脓杆菌等。本品能养肝血、敛肝阴、抑肝阳、疏肝气,又能缓挛急、止疼痛,为治疗肝经各种疼痛之良药。《滇南本草》:″泻脾热,止腹疼,止水泻,收肝气逆疼,调养心肝脾经血,舒经降气,止肝气疼痛。″《本经》芍药,虽未分别赤白,二者各有所主。然寻绎其主治诸病,一为补血养肝脾真阴,而收摄脾气之散乱,肝气之恣横,则白芍。
当归:为伞形科植物当归Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels的干燥根。性味:甘、辛、苦,温。归肝、心、脾经。功效:补血;活血;调经止痛;润燥滑肠。当归对中枢神经系统有抑制作用,挥发油有镇静、催眠、镇痛、麻醉等作用。当归能合人参、党参等补气之品,调治气不摄血之伤科杂病,调治骨质疏松症、急性骨萎缩症、股骨头无菌性坏死,促进骨折愈合。用于血虚萎黄、眩晕心悸、虚寒腹痛、风湿痹痛、跌扑损伤、痈疽疮疡。据《本草正》载:“其味甘而重,故专能补血,其气轻而辛,故又能行血,能养营养血,补气生精,安五脏,强形体,益神志,凡有形虚损之病,无所不宜。”现代医学研究证实,当归具有抗菌、消炎作用,当归热水提取物对慢性风湿关节炎急性发作时有明显的抑制作用。
熟地黄:为玄参科植物地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa(Gdertn)Iibosch.exFisch.et Mey.)的块根经加工炮制而成。性味:甘、微温。归肝、肾经。功效:滋阴补血,益精填髓。用于肝肾阴虚,腰膝酸软,骨蒸潮热,盗汗遗精,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,心悸怔忡,月经不调,崩漏下血,眩晕,耳鸣,须发早白。熟地能补血滋阴而养肝益肾,凡血虚阴亏、肝肾不足所致的眩晕,均可应用。补血常与当归、白芍等同用;补肝肾常与山茱萸等同用。此外,如配党参、酸枣仁、茯苓等品,可用于心悸、失眠;配当归、白芍、川芍、香附等药,可用治月经不调;配阿胶、当归、白芍等,可用于崩漏。该品滋肾益阴,适用于肾阴不足所引起的各种病症,常与山茱萸、丹皮等配伍应用;如属阴虚火旺、骨蒸潮热等症,可与龟板、知母、黄柏等同用。
川芎:为伞形科植物川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.的干燥根茎。性味:辛,温。归肝、胆、心经。功效:活血行气,祛风止痛。本品辛散温通,能上行巅顶,下达血海,外彻皮毛,旁通四肢,既能活血又能行气,昔人谓川芎为血中之气药,殆言其寓辛散、解郁、通达、止痛等功能。川芎有明显的镇静作用。抗菌作用等体外试验:川芎对大肠、痢疾(宋内氏)、变形、绿脓、伤寒、副伤寒杆菌及霍乱弧菌等有抑制作用。川芎水浸剂(1∶3)在试管内对某些致病性皮肤真菌也有抑制作用。若心脉瘀阻,胸痹心痛,则常与桂枝、丹参等同用。本品含有川芎嗪能抑制血管平滑肌收缩,扩张冠状动脉,增加冠脉血流量,改善心肌缺氧状况及肠系膜微循环,增加脑及肢体血流量,降低外周血管阻力,还能抑制血小板聚集,可预防血栓的形成,对心脑血管疾病有很好的疗效。
丹参:为双子叶植物唇形科Labiatae鼠尾草属植物丹参Salvia/miltiorrhizaBge的干燥根及根茎。性味:苦,微寒。归经:入心、肝经。功效:活血调经,祛瘀止痛,凉血消痈,清心除烦,养血安神。用于胸肋胁痛,风湿痹痛,症瘕结块。《日华子本草》:养神定志,通利关脉。治冷热劳,骨节疼痛,四肢不遂;排脓止痛,生肌长肉;破宿血,补新生血;安生胎,落死胎;止血崩带下,调妇人经脉不匀,血邪心烦;恶疮疥癣,瘿赘肿毒,丹毒;头痛,赤眼,热温狂闷。近代医学实验证明,丹参还具有抗血小板凝聚、降低血液黏度及调节内外凝血系统的功能,是一种安全又可靠的治疗血栓疾病的天然中药。用于胸肋胁痛,改善肝微循环,能抑制或减轻肝细胞变性、坏死及炎症反应,促进肝细胞再生,并有抗纤维化作用。
红花:为菊科植物红花Carthamus tinctorius L.的筒状花冠。性味:温,辛。归心、肝经。功效:活血通经、散瘀止痛。红花辛散温通,专入血分,能活血祛瘀,通经调脉,常与桃仁、当归、川芎等相须为用。红花有扩张血管作用。红花黄色素可明显延长血浆复钙时间、凝血酶原时间和凝血时间。《本草衍义补遗》:“红花,破留血,养血。多用则破血,少用则养血。”红花水提取物有轻度兴奋心脏、增加冠脉流量的作用,对心肌缺血有减轻作用,并使心率减慢,心电图S-T段抬高的幅度显著下降,还有抑制血小板聚集和增加纤溶作用。
续断:为川续断科植物川续断Dipsacus asperoides C.Y.Cheng et T.M.Ai(或Dipsacus asper Wall)的干燥根。性味:苦、辛、微温。归肝、肾经。功效:补肝肾;强筋骨;调血脉;止崩漏,杜仲与续断均能补肝肾,强筋骨,用于治疗肝肾不足,筋骨不健及痹证日久,常相须为用,但是杜仲兼治肾阳不足之阳痿、小便频数等,而续断又能续折伤,用于跌打损伤、扭挫伤及骨折等。本品甘温助阳,辛温散寒,用治肾阳不足,下元虚冷,阳痿不举,遗精滑泄,遗尿尿频等症,兼有补益肝肾,强健壮骨,通利血脉之功。
炒杜仲:为杜仲科植物杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides Oliver)的干燥树皮。性味:甘,温。归肝、肾、胃经。功效:补益肝肾、强筋壮骨、调理冲任、固经安胎。《本草纲目》:杜仲,古方只知滋肾,惟王好古言是肝经气分药,润肝燥,补肝虚,发昔人所未发也。盖肝主筋,肾主骨,肾充则骨强,肝充则筋健,屈伸利用,皆属于筋。
桑寄生:为桑寄生科植物桑寄生Taxillus chinensis(DC.)Danser的干燥带叶茎枝。性味:苦、甘,平。归肝、肾经。功效:补肝肾,强筋骨,祛风湿,安胎元,药理学研究表明:桑寄生可以降低缺血心肌中的cAMP或阻断其作用的有害环节,可对抗心律失常,减轻心肌缺血的程度,并且对心肌梗塞也有一定的治疗作用。
阿胶:为马科动物驴Equus Asinus L.的皮经煎煮、浓缩制成的固体胶。性味:甘,平。归肺、肝、肾经。功效:补血滋阴,润燥,止血。用于血虚萎黄,眩晕心悸,肌痿无力,心烦不眠,虚风内动,肺燥咳嗽,劳嗽咯血,吐血尿血,便血崩漏,妊娠胎漏。《纲目》:阿胶,大要只是补血与液,故能清肺益阴而治诸证。按陈自明云:补虚用牛皮胶,去风用驴皮胶。成无己云:阴不足者,补之以味,阿胶之甘,以补阴血。杨士瀛云:凡治喘嗽,不论肺虚、肺实,可下可温,须用阿胶以安肺润肺,其性和平,为肺经要药。
鹿角胶:为鹿角经水煎熬、浓缩制成的固体胶。性味:甘、咸,温。归肾、肝经。功效:温补肝肾,益精养血。用于阳痿滑精,腰膝酸冷,虚劳羸瘦,崩漏下血,便血尿血,阴疽肿痛。《本草汇言》:鹿角胶,壮元阳,补血气,生精髓,暖筋骨之药也。前古主伤中劳绝,腰痛羸瘦,补血气精髓筋骨肠胃。虚者补之,损者培之,绝者续之,怯者强之,寒者暖之,此系血属之精,较草木无情,更增一筹之力矣。
菟丝子:为双子叶植物药旋花科植物菟丝子Cuscuta chinensis Lam.的干燥成熟种子。性味:甘、温。归肝、肾经。功效:滋补肝肾,固精随尿,安胎,明目,止泻。适用于肝肾不足的腰膝筋骨酸痛,腿脚软弱无力、阳痿遗精、呓语、小便频数、尿有余沥、头晕眼花、视物不清、耳鸣耳聋以及妇女带下、习惯性流产等症。菟丝子即可补阳,又可益阴,具有温而不燥,补而不滞的特点,为平补肝肾之良药。常配枸杞子,五味子等。
枸杞子:为茄科植物宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L.的干燥成熟果实。性味:甘、平。归肝、肾经。功效:滋补肝肾、益精明目。主治:肝肾亏虚;头晕目眩;目视不清;腰膝酸软;阳痿遗精;虚劳咳嗽;消渴引饮。枸杞子含有丰富的胡萝卜素、维生素A1、B1、B2、C等钙、铁等健康眼睛的必需营养,故擅长明目,所以俗称“明眼子”。历代医家治疗肝血不足、肾阴亏虚引起的视物昏花和夜盲症,常常使用枸杞子。
桑葚子:为桑科落叶乔木植物桑Morus alba L.的干燥果穗。性味:甘、酸、寒。归肝、肾、心经。功效:滋阴养血;生津;润肠。主肝肾不足和血虚精亏的头晕目眩;腰酸耳鸣;须发早白;失眠多梦;津伤口渴;消渴;肠燥便秘;关节不利。现代研究证实,桑葚子中含有丰富的葡萄糖、蔗糖、胡萝卜素、维生素、苹果酸、酒石酸,磷质等丰富的营养成份,并含有丰富的活性蛋白,常吃能显著提高人体免疫力,桑葚子具有延缓衰老、驻容养颜之功效。《本草经疏》:桑椹,甘寒益血而除热,为凉血补血益阴之药,消渴由于内热,津液不足,生津故止渴。五脏皆属阴,益阴故利五脏。阴不足则关节之血气不通,血生津满,阴气长盛,则不饥而血气自通矣。热退阴生,则肝心无火,故魂安而神自清宁,神清则聪明内发,阴复则变白不老。甘寒除热,故解中酒毒。性寒而下行利水,故利水气而消肿。
黄明胶:为牛科动物黄牛的皮所熬的胶。性味:甘,平,无毒。入肺、大肠经。功能主治:滋阴润燥,止血消肿。治虚劳肺痿,咳嗽咯血,吐衄,崩漏,跌扑损伤。痈肿,烫伤。《本草汇言》:黄明胶,止诸般失血之药也。梁心如曰,其性粘腻,其味甘涩,入服食药中,固气敛脱。与阿胶仿佛通用,但其性平补,宜于虚热者也。如散痈肿,调脓止痛,护膜生肌,则黄明胶又迈于阿胶一筹也。
墨旱莲:为菊科植物鳢肠Eclipta prostrata L.的干燥地上部分。性味:甘、酸,寒。归肾、肝经。功效:滋补肝肾,凉血止血。用于牙齿松动,须发早白,眩晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软,阴虚血热、吐血、衄血、尿血,血痢,崩漏下血,外伤出血。
赤芍:为毛茛科植物芍药Paeonia lactiflora Pall.或川赤芍Paeonia veitchiiLynch的干燥根。性味:苦,微寒。归肝经。功效:散瘀止痛,清热凉血,消肿。用于温毒发斑,吐血衄血,目赤肿痛,肝郁胁痛,经闭痛经,症瘕腹痛,跌扑损伤,痈肿疮疡。本品苦降,有活血通经、散瘀消癓、行滞止痛的功效。常配牡丹皮。用于温热病热入血分,本品苦寒,主入肝经,善走血分,能清肝火,除血分郁热而有凉血、止血、散瘀消斑之功。
山茱萸:为山茱萸科植物山茱萸Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.的干燥成熟果肉。性味:酸、涩,微温。归肝、肾经。功效:补益肝肾,涩精固脱。主治头晕目眩,耳聋耳鸣,腰膝酸软,遗精滑精,小便频数,虚汗不止,妇女崩漏。本品能补肾纳气,且有酸敛之功,可免肺气耗散,常与五味子配伍,在补肺纳肾剂中使用,治疗肾气虚喘。治肾阳不足,阳痿、遗精、遗尿,山茱萸可与补骨脂等药同用,以温补肾气,固精缩尿,如《扶寿精方》中的草还丹;治老人小便不节或尿遗不禁,可与益智仁、人参、白术同用,以温肾益气而缩小便;治五更肾泄,可与人参、白术、补骨脂等同用,以温补脾肾,涩肠止泻,如《先醒斋医学广笔记》中的脾肾双补丸;治妇女血崩,可与白芍实肝收敛以藏书,配黄芪、白术、补脾益气而统血,使固冲止血,如《医学衷中参西录》中的固冲汤。
补骨脂:为豆科植物补骨脂Psoralea corylifolia L.的果实。性味:辛、苦,温。归肾、脾经。功效:补肾壮阳,固精缩尿,温脾止泻,纳气平喘。本品能补肾阳、暖脾阳,止泄泻,为治脾肾阳虚之要药。本品辛苦温燥,能温补命门,补肾强腰,壮阳、固精、缩尿,为治肾阳不足、下元不固之要药。近代又研究出,补骨脂中的有效成分具有扩张血管的作用。
麦冬:为百合科植物麦冬(沿阶草)Ophiopogon japonicus(Thunb.)Ker-Gawl.的干燥块根。性味:甘、微苦、微寒。归心、肺、胃经。功效:益胃生津、润肺养阴、清心除烦。麦冬可以养阴清心,除烦安神。用治温热病热入心营、身热夜甚。
大枣:为鼠李科枣属植物枣Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.inermis(Bunge)Rehd.的干燥成熟果实。性味:甘,温。归脾、胃经。功效:果(大枣):补中益气,养血安神。用于脾虚食少,乏力便溏,妇人脏躁。树皮:消炎,止血,止泻。用于气管炎,肠炎,痢疾,崩漏;外用治外伤出血。根:行气,活血,调经。用于月经不调,红崩,白带。《本经》:主心腹邪气,安中养脾,助十二经。平胃气,通九窍,补少气、少津液,身中不足,大惊,四肢重,和百药。《本草再新》:补中益气,滋肾暖胃,治阴虚。
炙甘草:为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.,胀果甘草GlycyrrhizaInflata Bat.或光果甘草Glycyrrhiza Glabra L.的干燥根及根茎。炙甘草为甘草的蜜烘制加工品。性味:甘,平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。功效:补脾和胃,益气复脉。《日华子本草》:安魂定魄。补五劳七伤,一切虚损、惊悸、烦闷、健忘。通九窍,利百脉,益精养气,壮筋骨,解冷热。
本发明的方解是:方中黄芪补气升阳、利水消肿,红景天收涩止血、散瘀消肿,太子参补益脾肺、益气生津,北沙参养阴清肺,炒白术、茯苓健脾益气、燥湿利水,胡桃仁补肾固精,以上七味共为君药,首先从疾病的临床症状入手,黄芪、红景天等能迅速有效的缓解患者发热、水肿、痉挛等症状,缓解患者的燃眉之急,并且君药中太子参、北沙参等可以帮助患者恢复体质,儒养患者身体,加快患者的恢复。白芍补血柔肝、敛阴收汗,当归、川芎补血活血,熟地黄滋阴补血、益精填髓,丹参、红花活血调经、祛瘀止痛,续断、炒杜仲、桑寄生补益肝肾、调理冲任,以上九味共为臣药,增加君药药效的同时,还具有补血活血、敛阴收汗、益气生津的作用,可以消除患者输血溶血反应引起的紫癜,发热、鼻出血、牙龈出血等不同部位出血,从而达到治疗疾病的目的。阿胶、鹿角胶、黄明胶温补肝肾、益精养血,菟丝子、枸杞子滋补肝肾,桑葚子滋阴养血,墨旱莲滋补肝肾,赤芍散瘀止痛、清热凉血,山茱萸补益肝肾、涩精固脱,补骨脂补肾壮阳、温脾止泻,麦冬益胃生津、润肺养阴,大枣补中益气、养血安神,以上几味共为佐药,加强药物疗效,同时具有清热凉血、养阴生津、清心除烦的功效,使患者心情舒畅,有利于症状的消失。炙甘草引药归经、调和诸药,为使药。此方诸药合用,君臣协力,佐使共辅,具有消肿散瘀、益气生津、燥湿利水、滋阴补血的功效,能够有效治疗输血溶血反应。
本发明药物原料用量是经发明人进行大量摸索总结得出的,各原料用量为在下述重量份范围都具有较好的疗效:黄芪25-35份、红景天10-20份、太子参5-15份、北沙参15-25份、炒白术15-25份、茯苓13-23份、胡桃仁13-23份、白芍10-20份、当归13-23份、熟地黄13-23份、川芎10-20份、丹参15-25份、红花4-14份、续断19-29份、炒杜仲13-23份、桑寄生13-23份、阿胶3-9份、鹿角胶3-9份、菟丝子10-20份、枸杞子10-20份、桑葚子10-20份、黄明胶10-20份、墨旱莲13-23份、赤芍10-20份、山茱萸7-17份、补骨脂10-20份、麦冬10-20份、大枣7-17份、炙甘草3-9份。
其中优选为:黄芪30份、红景天15份、太子参10份、北沙参20份、炒白术20份、茯苓18份、胡桃仁18份、白芍15份、当归18份、熟地黄18份、川芎15份、丹参20份、红花9份、续断24份、炒杜仲18份、桑寄生18份、阿胶6份、鹿角胶6份、菟丝子15份、枸杞子15份、桑葚子15份、黄明胶15份、墨旱莲18份、赤芍15份、山茱萸12份、补骨脂15份、麦冬15份、大枣12份、炙甘草6份。
本发明药物可以采用中药制剂的常规方法制备成任何常规内服制剂,如丸剂、散剂、片剂、口服液等。例如可以将这些原料药研成粉末混合均匀制成散剂冲服;可以用水煎,经过滤得滤液,加入防腐剂制成口服液;必要时也可以直接服用汤剂。
本发明优选的制备方法是汤剂,其制备方法如下:
步骤一:按本发明重量配比,先将胡桃仁、菟丝子用纱布包成药包,放于水中浸泡约45分钟,过滤,备用;
步骤二:按本发明重量配比,将炒白术、熟地黄、炒杜仲研磨粉碎至180目筛,备用;
步骤三:按本发明重量配比,将黄芪、太子参、北沙参、白芍、当归、川芎、丹参、续断、赤芍、麦冬放入砂锅中加步骤一中浸泡后剩余冷水,超过药面3~6厘米,用武火煎沸后,再用文火煎20~30分钟,过滤,得滤液,在剩余药渣中加入4厘米左右的水,然后加入桑寄生、墨旱莲以及步骤一中的药包煎煮约30分钟,之后加入枸杞子、桑葚子、山茱萸、补骨脂、大枣煎煮20分钟,最后加入红景天、红花、炙甘草以及用纱布包好的茯苓,继续煎煮10分钟,过滤,的滤液,备用;
步骤四:将步骤三中的两次滤液合并,趁热将阿胶、鹿角胶、黄明胶烊化,然后加入步骤二中的粉末,混合搅拌均匀,既得本发明所述的治疗输液溶血反应的中药制剂。
本发明药物消肿散瘀、益气生津、燥湿利水、滋阴补血等功效,且见效快,疗效显著,价格低廉,无毒副作用,据对临床260例患者观察统计,使用本发明药物一个疗程总有效率90%,两个疗程总有效率97.7%。
具体实施方式
实施例一、黄芪25份、红景天10份、太子参5份、北沙参15份、炒白术15份、茯苓13份、胡桃仁13份、白芍10份、当归13份、熟地黄13份、川芎10份、丹参15份、红花4份、续断19份、炒杜仲13份、桑寄生13份、阿胶3份、鹿角胶3份、菟丝子10份、枸杞子10份、桑葚子10份、黄明胶10份、墨旱莲13份、赤芍10份、山茱萸7份、补骨脂10份、麦冬10份、大枣7份、炙甘草3份。
步骤一:按本发明重量配比,先将胡桃仁、菟丝子用纱布包成药包,放于水中浸泡约45分钟,过滤,备用;
步骤二:按本发明重量配比,将炒白术、熟地黄、炒杜仲研磨粉碎至180目筛,备用;
步骤三:按本发明重量配比,将黄芪、太子参、北沙参、白芍、当归、川芎、丹参、续断、赤芍、麦冬放入砂锅中加步骤一中浸泡后剩余冷水,超过药面3~6厘米,用武火煎沸后,再用文火煎20~30分钟,过滤,得滤液,在剩余药渣中加入4厘米左右的水,然后加入桑寄生、墨旱莲以及步骤一中的药包煎煮约30分钟,之后加入枸杞子、桑葚子、山茱萸、补骨脂、大枣煎煮20分钟,最后加入红景天、红花、炙甘草以及用纱布包好的茯苓,继续煎煮10分钟,过滤,的滤液,备用;
步骤四:将步骤三中的两次滤液合并,趁热将阿胶、鹿角胶、黄明胶烊化,然后加入步骤二中的粉末,混合搅拌均匀,既得本发明所述的治疗输液溶血反应的中药制剂。
实施例二、黄芪30份、红景天15份、太子参10份、北沙参20份、炒白术20份、茯苓18份、胡桃仁18份、白芍15份、当归18份、熟地黄18份、川芎15份、丹参20份、红花9份、续断24份、炒杜仲18份、桑寄生18份、阿胶6份、鹿角胶6份、菟丝子15份、枸杞子15份、桑葚子15份、黄明胶15份、墨旱莲18份、赤芍15份、山茱萸12份、补骨脂15份、麦冬15份、大枣12份、炙甘草6份。
制备和使用方法同实施例一。
实施例三、黄芪35份、红景天20份、太子参15份、北沙参25份、炒白术25份、茯苓23份、胡桃仁23份、白芍20份、当归23份、熟地黄23份、川芎20份、丹参25份、红花14份、续断29份、炒杜仲23份、桑寄生23份、阿胶9份、鹿角胶9份、菟丝子20份、枸杞子20份、桑葚子20份、黄明胶20份、墨旱莲23份、赤芍20份、山茱萸17份、补骨脂20份、麦冬20份、大枣17份、炙甘草9份。
制备和使用方法同实施例一。
下面是患者使用本发明药物的临床统计资料:
一、一般资料
收治门诊患者260例。其中男性110例,女性150例,男女比例1∶1.3,最大年龄83岁,最小年龄16岁。
二、治疗方法:
按照本发明药物实施例二,以及优选的制备方法制成的汤剂,称取原料药(一日剂量),分两次服用,10日为一个疗程。
三、疗效评定标准
1、治愈:输血溶血反应以及相关症状全部消失,不影响活动及工作,未出现任何后遗症。
2、好转:输血溶血反应以及相关临床症状基本消失,治疗后症状明显减轻,不影响日常生活和工作。
3、未愈:输血溶血反应临床症状没有任何改善甚至加重。
四、治疗结果统计
其中:总有效率=治愈率+好转率
通过治疗结果的统计表明,本发明中药在治疗输血溶血反应方面具有良好的临床效果,能有效提高治疗的治愈率,值得在临床应用上推广。
典型病例及疗效:
病例一、齐某,男,34岁,患者在工作中受伤,紧急送往医院,由于患者失血过多,需要紧急输血,患者在输入第三袋血的过程中,突然出现呼吸急促,紫癜,发热等现象,护士立即给患者停止输血,患者症状有所减轻,由于患者身体还需要继续输血,医院采用近似血源,经过医院的治疗,患者脱离了生命危险,但是患者所出现的输血溶血反应扔没有得到缓解,患者采用本发明实施例二中所制汤剂,患者服用两个疗程后,发热、皮疹等现象完全消失,并未出现其他并发症,痊愈。
病例二、邓某,男,18岁,患者在医院输血是引起输血溶血反应,患者出现高烧不退、紫癜、过敏性皮疹等症状,虽然患者出院,但是这些并发症严重影响了患者的生活,后采用本发明实施例二中所制汤剂,患者服用两个疗程后,感觉症状明显减轻,高烧、皮疹现象逐渐好转,患者继续服用一个疗程,患者身体症状得到明显的好转,去医院检查血液情况正常,并未出现其他并发症,痊愈。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗输血溶血反应的中药制剂,其特征在于,该中药制剂是由以下重量份的药物组成:黄芪25-35份、红景天10-20份、太子参5-15份、北沙参15-25份、炒白术15-25份、茯苓13-23份、胡桃仁13-23份、白芍10-20份、当归13-23份、熟地黄13-23份、川芎10-20份、丹参15-25份、红花4-14份、续断19-29份、炒杜仲13-23份、桑寄生13-23份、阿胶3-9份、鹿角胶3-9份、菟丝子10-20份、枸杞子10-20份、桑葚子10-20份、黄明胶10-20份、墨旱莲13-23份、赤芍10-20份、山茱萸7-17份、补骨脂10-20份、麦冬10-20份、大枣7-17份、炙甘草3-9份。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的治疗输血溶血反应的中药制剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的药物组成:黄芪30份、红景天15份、太子参10份、北沙参20份、炒白术20份、茯苓18份、胡桃仁18份、白芍15份、当归18份、熟地黄18份、川芎15份、丹参20份、红花9份、续断24份、炒杜仲18份、桑寄生18份、阿胶6份、鹿角胶6份、菟丝子15份、枸杞子15份、桑葚子15份、黄明胶15份、墨旱莲18份、赤芍15份、山茱萸12份、补骨脂15份、麦冬15份、大枣12份、炙甘草6份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的治疗输血溶血反应的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂为汤剂。
4.一种治疗输血溶血反应的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,制备方法如下:步骤一:按本发明重量配比,先将胡桃仁、菟丝子用纱布包成药包,放于水中浸泡约45分钟,过滤,备用;步骤二:按本发明重量配比,将炒白术、熟地黄、炒杜仲研磨粉碎至180目筛,备用;步骤三:按本发明重量配比,将黄芪、太子参、北沙参、白芍、当归、川芎、丹参、续断、赤芍、麦冬放入砂锅中加步骤一中浸泡后剩余冷水,超过药面3~6厘米,用武火煎沸后,再用文火煎20~30分钟,过滤,得滤液,在剩余药渣中加入4厘米左右的水,然后加入桑寄生、墨旱莲以及步骤一中的药包煎煮约30分钟,之后加入枸杞子、桑葚子、山茱萸、补骨脂、大枣煎煮20分钟,最后加入红景天、红花、炙甘草以及用纱布包好的茯苓,继续煎煮10分钟,过滤,的滤液,备用;步骤四:将步骤三中的两次滤液合并,趁热将阿胶、鹿角胶、黄明胶烊化,然后加入步骤二中的粉末,混合搅拌均匀,既得本发明所述的治疗输液溶血反应的中药制剂。
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