CN106380545A - 一种gma接枝poe薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种gma接枝poe薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106380545A
CN106380545A CN201610870678.4A CN201610870678A CN106380545A CN 106380545 A CN106380545 A CN 106380545A CN 201610870678 A CN201610870678 A CN 201610870678A CN 106380545 A CN106380545 A CN 106380545A
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poe
gma
film
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何军
许世华
严永刚
李靖
马长城
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JIANGSU XUHUA SHENGLUODI BUILDING MATERIAL CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种GMA接枝POE薄膜及其制备方法，将超声波发射装置设置在挤出机机筒或密练机机筒上，加工过程中发射超声波，超声波的空化作用产生强大的冲击力和能量，使得POE形成更多的大分子链自由基，自由基与GMA反应，从而POE的接枝率大大提高，可以应用于太阳能电池板的封装薄膜材料的制造。

Description

一种GMA接枝POE薄膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种POE薄膜，具体涉及一种GMA接枝POE薄膜及其制备方法，属于材料领域。
背景技术
作为可再生能源，太阳能由于无污染，储量无限，受到越来越多的应用。其中太阳能电池板是太阳能发电系统的核心部分，一般太阳能电池板由上层玻璃、EVA薄膜、太阳能电池、EVA薄膜、TPT背板。EVA薄膜起胶粘及阻隔水汽的作用但由于EVA含醋酸乙烯酯，在太阳光照下会老化变黄，影响透光率和粘接性能，进而影响太阳能电池的光电转换效率及使用寿命。故急需一种耐老化，具有持久粘接力的薄膜，提高太阳能电池的使用寿命，尽可能长时间不影响光电效率转换。POE薄膜无羰基、羧基、双键、叁键等易老化基团，被认为可能取代EVA薄膜用于太阳能电池板，但由于POE无极性基团，其和玻璃、太阳能电池、TPT背板的粘接力较差，而GMA中具有环氧基团,可以和玻璃、太阳能电池、TPT背板发生化学反应，故可以用GMA接枝POE薄膜，但由于接枝率较低，一般只有1%左右，粘接力不能满足太阳能电池的使用要求。
发明内容
解决的技术问题：针对EVA薄膜易老化黄变，影响太阳能电池的光电转换率及使用寿命，本发明提供一种接枝率在2%以上的高接枝率GMA接枝POE薄膜及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目标，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种GMA接枝POE薄膜的制备方法，包含如下步骤：S1、以POE和抗氧剂、抗紫外线剂、碳酸钙及滑石粉中的一种或多种制得POE混合物；将DCP溶于混合有丙酮或未混合有丙酮的GMA中得混合溶液，再将所述混合溶液倒入POE或POE混合物中冷混至少3min出料，获得混合后的物料；S2、启动安装在挤出机机筒上的超声波发射装置，将所述混合后的物料加入挤出机中造粒备用；S3、以S2所获得的备用造粒料制造POE薄膜。
优选地，一种GMA接枝POE薄膜的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
S1、以POE和抗氧剂、抗紫外线剂、碳酸钙及滑石粉中的一种或多种制得POE混合物；将DCP溶于混合有丙酮或未混合有丙酮的GMA中得混合溶液；
S2、启动挤出机上的超声波发射装置，将混合溶液加入侧喂料系统，混合溶液均匀注入挤出机中，将POE混合物加入挤出机中造粒备用；
S3、以S2所获得的备用造粒料制造POE薄膜。
优选地，所述制备方法包含如下步骤：
S1、、以POE和抗氧剂、抗紫外线剂、碳酸钙及滑石粉中的一种或多种制得POE混合物；将DCP溶于混合有丙酮或未混合有丙酮的GMA中得混合溶液，再将所述混合溶液倒入POE或POE混合物中冷混至少3min出料，获得混合后的物料；S2、启动密炼机机筒上的超声波发射装置，将混合后的物料加入密炼机中混炼；S3、混炼完成的物料冷却后在破碎机中破碎备用；S4、以S3所获得的备用造粒料制造POE薄膜。
进一步地，将所述备用造粒料加入流延机中制备流延膜，该薄膜被用于制造具有耐候性的太阳能电池。
进一步地，所述一种GMA接枝POE薄膜，包含如下组分且各组分的重量分数分别为：POE：85-98份；GMA：0.5-5份；DCP：0.1-2份；丙酮：0-5份；抗氧剂：0.5-3份；抗紫外线剂：0.5-3份；碳酸钙：0-5份；滑石粉：0-5份。
优选地，所述挤出机的各区温度如下：一区60-160℃，二区90-160℃，三区100-180℃，四区130-200℃，五区150-200℃，六区150-220℃，七区150-250℃，八区150-250℃，九区150-250℃，十区150-200℃。
优选地，所述密炼机温度为150-220℃。
有益效果：本发明将超声波发射装置设置在挤出机机筒或密练机机筒上，加工过程中发射超声波，超声波的空化作用产生强大的冲击力和能量，使得POE形成更多的大分子链自由基，自由基与GMA反应，从而POE的接枝率大大提高，可以应用于太阳能电池板的封装薄膜材料的制造。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
1、配料：将各组分按如下质量份数称重：POE：95.5份；GMA：1份；DCP：0.4份；抗氧剂：1份；抗紫外线剂：2份。将DCP放在GMA中溶解。
2、制备薄膜：将POE、抗氧剂和抗紫外线剂置于混料机中，再将溶解了DCP的GMA溶液倒入混料机中，冷混5分钟出料。开启设置在挤出机第五机筒、第六机筒和第七机筒上的超声波发射装置，超声波功率均为500W，将混合后的物料加入挤出机中造粒，各区温度（单位℃）如下：
一区 二区 三区 四区 五区 六区 七区 八区 九区 十区
70 100 130 150 170 190 200 190 185 180
造粒料最后加入流延机中制备流延膜。
实施例2
1、配料：将各组分按如下质量份数称重：POE：93份；GMA：1份；DCP：0.2份；丙酮：2.8份；抗氧剂：1份；抗紫外线剂：2份。将DCP放在GMA中溶解。
2、制备薄膜：将POE、抗氧剂和抗紫外线剂置于混料机中，再将溶解了DCP的GMA溶液倒入混料机中，冷混5分钟出料。开启设置在挤出机第五机筒、第六机筒和第七机筒上的超声波发射装置，超声波功率均为500W，将混合后的物料加入挤出机中造粒，各区温度（单位℃）如下：
一区 二区 三区 四区 五区 六区 七区 八区 九区 十区
70 100 130 150 170 190 200 190 185 180
造粒料最后加入流延机中制备流延膜。
实施例3
1、配料：将各组分按如下质量份数称重：POE：89.5份；GMA：5份；DCP：0.5份；抗氧剂：2份；抗紫外线剂：3份。将DCP放在GMA中溶解。
2、制备薄膜：将POE、抗氧剂和抗紫外线剂置于混料机中，再将溶解了DCP的GMA溶液倒入混料机中，冷混8分钟出料。开启设置在密练机上的超声波发射装置，超声波功率为800W，温度设置190度，密炼混合4分钟，出料冷却，后放入破碎机中破碎，破碎料最后加入流延机中制备流延膜。
实施例4
1、配料：将各组分按如下质量份数称重：POE：91.5份；GMA：3份；DCP：0.5份；抗氧剂：2份；抗紫外线剂：3份。将DCP放在GMA中溶解。
2、制备薄膜：将POE、抗氧剂和抗紫外线剂置于混料机中，再将溶解了DCP的GMA溶液倒入混料机中，冷混8分钟出料。开启设置在挤出机上的第五机筒、第六机筒、第七机筒和第八机筒上的超声波发射装置，超声波功率为500W，将混合后的物料加入挤出机中造粒，各区温度（单位℃）如下：
一区 二区 三区 四区 五区 六区 七区 八区 九区 十区
70 100 130 150 170 190 200 190 185 180
造粒料最后加入流延机中制备流延膜。
为了更好地说明本发明，采用行业内的标准测试方法对各实施例的流延膜进行接枝率测试，同时，结合对比例进行比较，对比例为市购无超声波处理的GMA接枝POE，测试结果见表1。
表1 实施例1-4及对比例测试结果对比
序号 实施例 接枝率
1 实施例1 1.8%
2 实施例2 2.0%
3 实施例3 2.2%
4 实施例4 2.1%
5 对比例 1.0%
从表1可见，本发明的各实施例制备出的产品，产品的接枝率大大提高，说明超声波改性的产品具有良好的效果。

Claims (9)

1.一种GMA接枝POE薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包含如下步骤：
S1、以POE和抗氧剂、抗紫外线剂、碳酸钙及滑石粉中的一种或多种制得POE混合物；将DCP溶于混合有丙酮或未混合有丙酮的GMA中得混合溶液，再将所述混合溶液倒入POE或POE混合物中冷混至少3min出料，获得混合后的物料；
S2、启动安装在挤出机机筒上的超声波发射装置，将所述混合后的物料加入挤出机中造粒备用；
S3、以S2所获得的备用造粒料制造POE薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种GMA接枝POE薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包含如下步骤：
S1、以POE和抗氧剂、抗紫外线剂、碳酸钙及滑石粉中的一种或多种制得POE混合物；将DCP溶于混合有丙酮或未混合有丙酮的GMA中得混合溶液；
S2、启动挤出机上的超声波发射装置，将混合溶液加入侧喂料系统，混合溶液均匀注入挤出机中，将POE混合物加入挤出机中造粒备用；
S3、以S2所获得的备用造粒料制造POE薄膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种GMA接枝POE薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2为：启动密炼机机筒上的超声波发射装置，将混合后的物料加入密炼机中混炼；步骤所述S3为：混炼完成的物料冷却后在破碎机中破碎备用；还具有步骤S4，步骤S4、以S3所获得的备用造粒料制造POE薄膜。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述一种GMA接枝POE薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于：将备用造粒料加入流延机中制备流延膜。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述一种GMA接枝POE薄膜，其特征在于：包含如下组分且各组分的重量分数分别为：POE：85-98份；GMA：0.5-5份；DCP：0.1-2份；丙酮：0-5份。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述一种GMA接枝POE薄膜，其特征在于：包含如下组分且各组分的重量分数分别为：抗氧剂：0.5-3份；抗紫外线剂：0.5-3份；碳酸钙：0-5份；滑石粉：0-5份。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述一种GMA接枝POE薄膜，其特征在于：挤出机的各区温度如下：一区60-160℃，二区90-160℃，三区100-180℃，四区130-200℃，五区150-200℃，六区150-220℃，七区150-250℃，八区150-250℃，九区150-250℃，十区150-200℃。
8.根据权利要求3所述一种GMA接枝POE薄膜，其特征在于：密炼机温度为150-220℃。
9.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述一种GMA接枝POE薄膜，其特征在于：所述GMA接枝POE薄膜被用于制造具有耐候性的太阳能电池。
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