CN106378973B - 一种碳纤维基布复合面料及其生产方法 - Google Patents

一种碳纤维基布复合面料及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN106378973B
CN106378973B CN201610747520.8A CN201610747520A CN106378973B CN 106378973 B CN106378973 B CN 106378973B CN 201610747520 A CN201610747520 A CN 201610747520A CN 106378973 B CN106378973 B CN 106378973B
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retardant
carbon fiber
layer
flame
fiber base
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CN106378973A (zh
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蒋生华
蒋秦峰
王建平
许群章
叶宝生
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Wahson Polytron Technologies Inc Zhejiang
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种碳纤维基布复合面料及其生产方法。本碳纤维基布复合面料,包括碳纤维基层,碳纤维基层的两侧面贴覆有PVC层,PVC层的外侧面贴覆有阻燃层,阻燃层的外侧面贴覆有缓冲层;碳纤维基层包括相互交织的碳纤维经纱和碳纤维纬纱;PVC层的两面均具有凹凸部,一面凹凸部对应与碳纤维基层嵌合,另一面凹凸部对应与阻燃层嵌合;阻燃层包括相互交织的阻燃经纱和阻燃纬纱,阻燃经纱为83.30dtex阻燃涤纶长丝,阻燃纬纱为14.76tex阻燃腈纶纱;缓冲层内设置蜂窝孔,蜂窝孔的孔径由外侧向内侧逐渐增大,蜂窝孔的侧壁为弹性支撑壁,弹性支撑壁上开设贯通孔,贯通孔的孔径小于蜂窝孔的孔径。本发明具有阻燃性,稳定性。

Description

一种碳纤维基布复合面料及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域,涉及一种特殊面料,特别是一种碳纤维基布复合面料及其生产方法。
背景技术
传统领域中,面料就是用来制作服装的材料。作为服装三要素之一,面料不仅可以诠释服装的风格和特性,而且直接左右着服装的色彩、造型的表现效果。在现有技术中,通过改变面料的成分及结构,使得面料被赋予更多的特点,以便符合更多场合的需求使用。
复合面料是将一层或多层纺织材料、无纺材料及其他功能材料经粘结贴合而成的一种新型材料。适合做沙发,服装等纺织品,是人们居家生活不可缺少的面料之一。复合面料应用了“新合纤”的高技术和新材料,具备很多优异的性能(与普通合纤相比),如织物表现细洁、精致、文雅、温馨,织物外观丰满、防风、透气,具备一定的防水功能,它的主要特点是保暖、透气性好。该织物还有一个特点是:耐磨性好,超细纤维织物手感柔软、透气、透湿,所以在触感和生理的舒适性方面,具有明显优势,超细纤维织物的抗皱性较差(这是因为纤维柔软,折皱后弹性回复差所致);为了克服这一缺点,故采取了“复合”工艺,这样就大大地改善了超细纤维织物抗皱性差的缺点。
现有用于帆船的帆布,冲浪板外层的包覆布,其在特定的使用环境下,需要复合布体具有相对应的特性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的技术存在上述问题,提出了一种通过多种不同特性的布层相复合,以使同一布体具有多项功能,尤其在外侧增设缓冲层,以利用蜂窝孔对于杂乱受力进行吸收排泄,以提升稳定性的碳纤维基布复合面料及其生产方法。
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现:一种碳纤维基布复合面料,包括碳纤维基层,所述碳纤维基层的两侧面贴覆有PVC层,所述PVC层的外侧面贴覆有阻燃层,所述阻燃层的外侧面贴覆有缓冲层;所述碳纤维基层包括相互交织的碳纤维经纱和碳纤维纬纱;所述PVC层的两面均具有凹凸部,一面所述凹凸部对应与碳纤维基层嵌合,另一面所述凹凸部对应与阻燃层嵌合;所述阻燃层包括相互交织的阻燃经纱和阻燃纬纱,所述阻燃经纱为83.30dtex阻燃涤纶长丝,所述阻燃纬纱为14.76tex阻燃腈纶纱;所述缓冲层内设置蜂窝孔,所述蜂窝孔的孔径由外侧向内侧逐渐增大,所述蜂窝孔的侧壁为弹性支撑壁,所述弹性支撑壁上开设贯通孔,所述贯通孔的孔径小于所述蜂窝孔的孔径。
本碳纤维基布复合面料中,通过碳纤维基层实现基底支撑作用。通过PVC层实现粘合支撑作用。通过阻燃层实现面料的阻燃效果。通过最外层的缓冲层实现对杂向受力的吸收和排流作用。缓冲层的厚度为8mm至12mm。气流或水流首先由小径的蜂窝孔进入缓冲层内,由此其内部的大空间将气流或水流的瞬时冲击力部分缓冲吸收,再而涌入缓冲层内部的气流或水流,通过侧壁上的贯通孔形成互通,以使得缓冲层内部形成均匀的气膜或水膜,以增强布面整体的受力平衡性与一致性,当气流或水流消失后,缓冲层内的气膜或水膜渐渐排出以减轻布体的重量。
在上述的碳纤维基布复合面料中,所述83.30dtex阻燃涤纶长丝内含有磷系阻燃剂,其极限氧指数LOI为30-34%;所述14.76tex阻燃腈纶纱的极限氧指数LOI为30-34%。
在上述的碳纤维基布复合面料中,所述阻燃经纱和阻燃纬纱的比例是1﹕1~1﹕4。
在上述的碳纤维基布复合面料中,所述贯通孔的周边设置弹性收缩圈,所述贯通孔周边通过弹性纤维将所述弹性收缩圈包覆,所述弹性收缩圈为弹性纤维线圈。通过在贯通孔上设置弹性收缩圈可弹性控制贯通孔的张口大小,在蜂窝孔中压力偏小的时候,贯通孔直径缩小以调节泄压的程度减小;在蜂窝孔中压力偏大的时候,贯通孔直径被扩大以调节泄压的程度增大。由此灵活实现自感可调式泄压,以对应程度消除分支乱流,避免杂乱受力造成不稳定因素。
在上述的碳纤维基布复合面料中,所述PVC层的凹凸部表面具有渗嵌层,所述PVC层通过所述渗嵌层对应与碳纤维基层、阻燃层相贴合;所述阻燃层与缓冲层之间通过胶层粘合。
复合面料的生产方法,包括以下生产步骤:
1)、纤维材料选用:
选用碳纤维长丝作为经线及纬线;选用83.30dtex阻燃涤纶长丝作为经线,14.76tex阻燃腈纶纱作为纬线;
2)、织物规格设计:
经密×纬密采用80根/cm×40根/cm;经纬比例为阻燃经纱﹕阻燃纬纱是1﹕1~1﹕4;组织规格采用五枚缎纹;
3)、织造碳纤维基层:
A、将碳纤维经纱和碳纤维纬纱上机进行织造,经密:90根/㎝;纬密:90根/㎝;
B、在编织成型的碳纤维基层的至少一侧表面均匀喷定型剂;
C、将喷涂有定型剂的碳纤维基层烘干,烘干温度保持在60-150℃;
4)、织造阻燃层:
将阻燃经纱和阻燃纬纱上机进行织造:
经线:原检—染色—色检—倒筒—整经—穿结经—织造;
纬线:原检—倒筒—染色—色检—倒筒—织造;
经密:110根/㎝;纬密:60根/㎝;
5)、将碳纤维基层的两侧通过热贴合贴覆PVC层,并使PVC层在热熔的状态下形成表面的凹凸部以与碳纤维基层的纹理相嵌合;
6)、再通过热贴合在PVC层的外侧贴覆阻燃层,并使PVC层在热熔的状态下形成表面的凹凸部以与阻燃层的纹理相嵌合;
7)、在阻燃层的外侧贴覆缓冲层,并使缓冲层内的大径蜂窝孔朝向内侧,小径蜂窝孔朝向外侧。
在上述的生产方法中,在步骤4)中,向阻燃层中添加磷系阻燃剂,所述磷系阻燃剂的浓度为3%~7%。
在上述的生产方法中,在步骤4)中,阻燃纬纱进行加捻,粗纱捻系数为76.8,捻度为200T.m-1,捻向为Z向。
在上述的生产方法中,在步骤7)中,在阻燃层的外侧涂刷一层胶层,利用胶层的粘性与缓冲层相贴牢固,且通过烘干将胶层即时凝固。
在上述的生产方法中,采用的织造机械为剑杆织机和4800针电子机。
与现有技术相比,本碳纤维基布复合面料及其生产方法通过多种不同特性的布层相复合,以使同一布体具有多项功能,例如良好的强度与韧性,显著的阻燃性,且质量轻,稳定性好,尤其在外侧增设缓冲层,以利用蜂窝孔对于杂乱受力进行吸收排泄,以提受力的升稳定性与一致性,特别适用于帆船的帆布,冲浪板的外层包裹等。
附图说明
图1是本碳纤维基布复合面料的结构示意图。
图中,1、碳纤维基层;2、PVC层;3、阻燃层;4、缓冲层。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
如图1所示,本碳纤维基布复合面料,包括碳纤维基层1,碳纤维基层1的两侧面贴覆有PVC层2,PVC层2的外侧面贴覆有阻燃层3,阻燃层3的外侧面贴覆有缓冲层4;碳纤维基层1包括相互交织的碳纤维经纱和碳纤维纬纱;PVC层2的两面均具有凹凸部,一面凹凸部对应与碳纤维基层1嵌合,另一面凹凸部对应与阻燃层3嵌合;阻燃层3包括相互交织的阻燃经纱和阻燃纬纱,阻燃经纱为83.30dtex阻燃涤纶长丝,阻燃纬纱为14.76tex阻燃腈纶纱;缓冲层4内设置蜂窝孔,蜂窝孔的孔径由外侧向内侧逐渐增大,蜂窝孔的侧壁为弹性支撑壁,弹性支撑壁上开设贯通孔,贯通孔的孔径小于蜂窝孔的孔径。
本碳纤维基布复合面料中,通过碳纤维基层1实现基底支撑作用。通过PVC层2实现粘合支撑作用。通过阻燃层3实现面料的阻燃效果。通过最外层的缓冲层4实现对杂向受力的吸收和排流作用。缓冲层4的厚度为8mm至12mm。气流或水流首先由小径的蜂窝孔进入缓冲层4内,由此其内部的大空间将气流或水流的瞬时冲击力部分缓冲吸收,再而涌入缓冲层4内部的气流或水流,通过侧壁上的贯通孔形成互通,以使得缓冲层4内部形成均匀的气膜或水膜,以增强布面整体的受力平衡性与一致性,当气流或水流消失后,缓冲层4内的气膜或水膜渐渐排出以减轻布体的重量。
83.30dtex阻燃涤纶长丝内含有磷系阻燃剂,其极限氧指数LOI为30-34%;14.76tex阻燃腈纶纱的极限氧指数LOI为30-34%。
阻燃经纱和阻燃纬纱的比例是1﹕1~1﹕4。
贯通孔的周边设置弹性收缩圈,贯通孔周边通过弹性纤维将弹性收缩圈包覆,弹性收缩圈为弹性纤维线圈。通过在贯通孔上设置弹性收缩圈可弹性控制贯通孔的张口大小,在蜂窝孔中压力偏小的时候,贯通孔直径缩小以调节泄压的程度减小;在蜂窝孔中压力偏大的时候,贯通孔直径被扩大以调节泄压的程度增大。由此灵活实现自感可调式泄压,以对应程度消除分支乱流,避免杂乱受力造成不稳定因素。
PVC层2的凹凸部表面具有渗嵌层,PVC层2通过渗嵌层对应与碳纤维基层1、阻燃层3相贴合;阻燃层3与缓冲层4之间通过胶层粘合。
复合面料的生产方法,包括以下生产步骤:
1)、纤维材料选用:
选用碳纤维长丝作为经线及纬线;选用83.30dtex阻燃涤纶长丝作为经线,14.76tex阻燃腈纶纱作为纬线;
2)、织物规格设计:
经密×纬密采用80根/cm×40根/cm;经纬比例为阻燃经纱﹕阻燃纬纱是1﹕1~1﹕4;组织规格采用五枚缎纹;
3)、织造碳纤维基层1:
A、将碳纤维经纱和碳纤维纬纱上机进行织造,经密:90根/㎝;纬密:90根/㎝;
B、在编织成型的碳纤维基层1的至少一侧表面均匀喷定型剂;
C、将喷涂有定型剂的碳纤维基层1烘干,烘干温度保持在60-150℃;
4)、织造阻燃层3:
将阻燃经纱和阻燃纬纱上机进行织造:
经线:原检—染色—色检—倒筒—整经—穿结经—织造;
纬线:原检—倒筒—染色—色检—倒筒—织造;
经密:110根/㎝;纬密:60根/㎝;
5)、将碳纤维基层1的两侧通过热贴合贴覆PVC层2,并使PVC层2在热熔的状态下形成表面的凹凸部以与碳纤维基层1的纹理相嵌合;
6)、再通过热贴合在PVC层2的外侧贴覆阻燃层3,并使PVC层2在热熔的状态下形成表面的凹凸部以与阻燃层3的纹理相嵌合;
7)、在阻燃层3的外侧贴覆缓冲层4,并使缓冲层4内的大径蜂窝孔朝向内侧,小径蜂窝孔朝向外侧。
在步骤4)中,向阻燃层3中添加磷系阻燃剂,磷系阻燃剂的浓度为3%~7%。
在步骤4)中,阻燃纬纱进行加捻,粗纱捻系数为76.8,捻度为200T.m-1,捻向为Z向。
在步骤7)中,在阻燃层3的外侧涂刷一层胶层,利用胶层的粘性与缓冲层4相贴牢固,且通过烘干将胶层即时凝固。
采用的织造机械为剑杆织机和4800针电子机。
本碳纤维基布复合面料及其生产方法通过多种不同特性的布层相复合,以使同一布体具有多项功能,例如良好的强度与韧性,显著的阻燃性,且质量轻,稳定性好,尤其在外侧增设缓冲层4,以利用蜂窝孔对于杂乱受力进行吸收排泄,以提受力的升稳定性与一致性,特别适用于帆船的帆布,冲浪板的外层包裹等。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
尽管本文较多地使用了碳纤维基层1;PVC层2;阻燃层3;缓冲层4等术语,但并不排除使用其它术语的可能性。使用这些术语仅仅是为了更方便地描述和解释本发明的本质;把它们解释成任何一种附加的限制都是与本发明精神相违背的。

Claims (5)

1.一种碳纤维基布复合面料,其特征在于,包括碳纤维基层,所述碳纤维基层的两侧面贴覆有PVC层,所述PVC层的外侧面贴覆有阻燃层,所述阻燃层的外侧面贴覆有缓冲层;所述碳纤维基层包括相互交织的碳纤维经纱和碳纤维纬纱;所述PVC层的两面均具有凹凸部,一面所述凹凸部对应与碳纤维基层嵌合,另一面所述凹凸部对应与阻燃层嵌合;所述阻燃层包括相互交织的阻燃经纱和阻燃纬纱,所述阻燃经纱为83.30dtex阻燃涤纶长丝,所述阻燃纬纱为14.76tex阻燃腈纶纱;所述缓冲层内设置蜂窝孔,所述蜂窝孔的孔径由外侧向内侧逐渐增大,所述蜂窝孔的侧壁为弹性支撑壁,所述弹性支撑壁上开设贯通孔,所述贯通孔的孔径小于所述蜂窝孔的孔径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维基布复合面料,其特征在于,所述83.30dtex阻燃涤纶长丝内含有磷系阻燃剂,其极限氧指数LOI为30-34%;所述14.76tex阻燃腈纶纱的极限氧指数LOI为30-34%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维基布复合面料,其特征在于,所述贯通孔的周边设置弹性收缩圈,所述贯通孔周边通过弹性纤维将所述弹性收缩圈包覆,所述弹性收缩圈为弹性纤维线圈。
4.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维基布复合面料,其特征在于,所述PVC层的凹凸部表面具有渗嵌层,所述PVC层通过所述渗嵌层对应与碳纤维基层、阻燃层相贴合;所述阻燃层与缓冲层之间通过胶层粘合。
5.根据权利要求1所述复合面料的生产方法,其特征在于,包括以下生产步骤:
1)、纤维材料选用:
选用碳纤维长丝作为经线及纬线;选用83.30dtex阻燃涤纶长丝作为经线,14.76tex阻燃腈纶纱作为纬线;
2)、织造碳纤维基层:
A、将碳纤维经纱和碳纤维纬纱上机进行织造,经密:90根/㎝;纬密:90根/㎝;
B、在编织成型的碳纤维基层的至少一侧表面均匀喷定型剂;
C、将喷涂有定型剂的碳纤维基层烘干,烘干温度保持在60-150℃;
3)、织造阻燃层:
将阻燃经纱和阻燃纬纱上机进行织造:
经线:原检—染色—色检—倒筒—整经—穿结经—织造;
纬线:原检—倒筒—染色—色检—倒筒—织造;
经密:110根/㎝;纬密:60根/㎝;
4)、将碳纤维基层的两侧通过热贴合贴覆PVC层,并使PVC层在热熔的状态下形成表面的凹凸部以与碳纤维基层的纹理相嵌合;
5)、再通过热贴合在PVC层的外侧贴覆阻燃层,并使PVC层在热熔的状态下形成表面的凹凸部以与阻燃层的纹理相嵌合;
6)、在阻燃层的外侧贴覆缓冲层,并使缓冲层内的大径蜂窝孔朝向内侧,小径蜂窝孔朝向外侧。
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