CN106368608A - Novel method for conducting hot dry rock drilling through liquid nitrogen - Google Patents
Novel method for conducting hot dry rock drilling through liquid nitrogen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106368608A CN106368608A CN201610736667.7A CN201610736667A CN106368608A CN 106368608 A CN106368608 A CN 106368608A CN 201610736667 A CN201610736667 A CN 201610736667A CN 106368608 A CN106368608 A CN 106368608A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- hot dry
- liquid nitrogen
- dry rock
- rock
- drilling
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/16—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using gaseous fluids
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel method for conducting hot dry rock drilling through liquid nitrogen. According to the method, the liquid nitrogen is used as drilling fluid to conduct hot dry rock drilling, tensile stress is generated on the surface of hot dry rock through the low temperature effect of the liquid nitrogen, and microcracks are induced to be produced and extended, so that the strength of the hot dry rock is lowered, and the rock breaking efficiency of a drill bit is improved. After the liquid nitrogen is gasified at a shaft bottom, nitrogen returns from an annulus, and rock debris formed by rock breaking is carried to the ground. According to the novel method, the cold shock effect of the liquid nitrogen and the advantage of nitrogen unbalanced drilling are combined, so that the mechanical drilling speed of hot dry rock drilling is greatly improved, the well leakage problem in hot dry rock drilling is effectively solved, and the hot dry rock drilling cost is greatly lowered. The novel method is expected to provide new technological reserve for development of hot dry rock resources in China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new method carrying out hot dry rock drilling well using liquid nitrogen, belong to Oil-Gas Well Engineering field and underground heat
Development of resources field.
Background technology
Underground heat is that one kind is imbedded in crust deep part, the renewable and clean energy resource being existed with form of thermal energy.Geothermal energy resource is rich
Richness, can be utilized for resident's heating, hot spring exploitation and steam-electric power etc..Geothermal energy has multiple existence forms, wherein most opens
Send out potentiality for hot dry rock.Hot dry rock refers to buried depth in more than 3km, and temperature is between 200～650 DEG C, and is substantially free of natural
The earth's crust rock mass of fluid, lithology is based on gneiss, granite.Statistics show, China's hot dry rock resource potential is huge, and
Co will not be produced in development process2, the pollutant such as dust granules and waste water, therefore reasonably develop this part energy to me
The economy of state and energy resource structure are significant.
Hot dry rock drilling technology is the key of exploitation of geothermal energy resource, and drilling cost is also the important composition portion of totle drilling cost
Point.Because hot dry rock intensity is big, temperature is high, rock mass is unstable and natural fissure is developed, therefore in hot dry rock, drilling well is great
Challenge., based on granite, abrasiveness is strong, and rate of penetration is low for hot dry rock lithology；Conventional drilling liquid is easy in high temperature environments
Degraded is thus lose the function of taking rock, retaining wall and circulation；Additionally, the high specific gravity drilling fluid of routine miss in hot dry rock tighter
Weight, leads to drilling cost to steeply rise.Practice have shown that, carrying out controlled pressure drilling using clear water, aerated mud or pure gas is
A kind of effective method, can reduce drilling fluid leakage to a certain extent and improve rate of penetration.However, these technology are difficult
Fundamentally to solve that rate of penetration in hot dry rock drilling well is low, downhole tool short life the problems such as, seek one kind more efficient
Hot dry rock new methods of drilling still has very big necessity.
Liquid nitrogen is a kind of colorless and odorless, the fluid of temperature extremely low (- 195.8 DEG C), leads to rock with reservoir rock when it is contacted
Stone surface temperature rapid drawdown, causes rock particles to shrink and produces tensile stress, can induce when tension exceedes the intensity of rock
The germinating of microfissure or the extension of initial fissure.Research shows, the cold service of liquid nitrogen can change rock interior pore structure,
Reduce rock strength and improve rock permeability, due to this characteristic of liquid nitrogen, it is in petroleum works fracturing yield increasing field
Obtain application.The present invention is based on background above, proposes a kind of new method carrying out hot dry rock drilling well using liquid nitrogen.High-pressure liquid nitrogen from
Bit nozzle sprays and forms liquid nitrogen injection, carries out hydraulic-mechanical combined-breaking rock with Cutter.Bottom rock is low in liquid nitrogen
Temperature effect is lower to produce microcrack, intensity decreases, can improve the stock-removing efficiency of cutting tooth.Additionally, liquid nitrogen becomes in shaft bottom Quick-gasifying
For nitrogen so that bottom rock is in the underbalance stress state in local, reduce the threshold pressure of broken rock further.Liquid nitrogen gasification
Afterwards, nitrogen takes rock via returning on annular space, reaches the effect of nitrogen gas drilling well, thus can effectively solving circulation problems, improve this
Invent the technological adaptability of proposed method.
Content of the invention
The present invention is directed to that hot dry rock drilling well difficulty is big, high cost the problems such as, propose one kind and hot dry rock brill carried out using liquid nitrogen
The new method of well.High-pressure liquid nitrogen jet carries out hydraulic-mechanical combined-breaking rock in shaft bottom with Cutter, improves power auger
Speed；After liquid nitrogen gasification, nitrogen returns cutting carring to ground from annular space, solves the problems, such as that in hot dry rock drilling well, leakage is serious.
For realizing the method, the technical scheme that patent of the present invention is adopted is:
The superficial part water-bearing layer covering for hot dry rock top, is drilled using common drilling technology, is drilled into water-free dry
Surface pipe is adopted to cement the well during hot rock stratum top, cement mortar returns to ground.Enter drill string under subsequently and utilize high pressure nitrogen by pit shaft
Surplus drilling fluid replaces out pit shaft, and drilling fluid displacing carries out the drilling on hot dry rock stratum using liquid nitrogen as drilling fluid after finishing.High
Hydraulic fluid nitrogen is produced by ground liquid nitrogen pump, and pressure reaches as high as 40mpa, and liquid nitrogen flow to drill bit through drilling rod inner passage from well head.
Bite type adopts pdc drill bit or the conventional roller cone drill bit of belt length gage surface, can be adjusted according to actual formation situation.High
Hydraulic fluid nitrogen sprays through bit nozzle, forms Speed High Speed Liquid Nitrogen jet, between 3～6mm, nozzle quantity and diameter are big for nozzle diameter
I is adjusted according to actual well drilled Hydraulics design.
The liquid nitrogen injection ejecting from nozzle carries out hydraulic-mechanical combined-breaking rock with Cutter, overcomes hot dry rock to grind
The shortcoming that mill property is strong, drillability is poor.Hot dry rock bottom hole temperature (BHT) more than 200 DEG C, in the work of high-pressure liquid nitrogen jet (- 195.8 DEG C)
With under bear 400 DEG C about of the temperature difference.Shaft bottom hot dry rock germinates microcrack in cold shock effect lower surface, and pre-existing fracture enters
One step extension is linked up, and rock strength reduces, thus improving the stock-removing efficiency of Cutter.Liquid nitrogen gas after contact bottom rock
It is melted into as nitrogen, make bottom rock be in underbalance stress state, reduce broken rock threshold pressure, improve rate of penetration.
Liquid nitrogen from nozzle ejection after to downhole tool cooling effect, thus extending drilling tool and drill bit in hot dry rock high temperature ring
Working life under border.Nitrogen cutting carring after gasification returns to ground the annular space between pit shaft and drill string, realizes nitrogen
The technical advantage of drilling well, reduces the leakage of drilling fluid and hot dry rock produces loss of energy.Gas drilling and gage protecting bit cooperation, make
Institute's bored borehole regular shape, is conducive to well cementation and the completion practice in later stage.
Beneficial effect
The proposed by the invention new method being carried out hot dry rock drilling well using liquid nitrogen, can effectively be overcome in the drilling well of xeothermic rock stratum
The problems such as rock strength is big, temperature is high, leakage is serious, thus saving drilling cost, and can protect hot dry rock heat storage production capacity.Liquid
The cold shock effect of nitrogen jet and Cutter combine broken bottom rock, change the stress state of bottom rock, improve
Efficiency of breaking rock；After liquid nitrogen gasification, nitrogen returns from annular space and takes rock, can in effectively solving hot dry rock drilling well drilling fluid pernicious leakage
Mistake problem.The exploitation that the present invention is expected to as China's geothermal energy provide new technological reserve.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is construction schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is liquid nitrogen injection-Cutter combined-breaking rock schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that nitrogen annular space takes rock schematic diagram；
In figure: 1- pit shaft；2- drill bit；3- drilling rod；4- liquid nitrogen injection；5- bottom rock；6- liquid nitrogen pump；7- bit cutting
Tooth；8- catalase is cheated；9- landwaste；10- nitrogen.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail:
As shown in figure 1, at high-pressure liquid nitrogen is pumped to shaft bottom drill bit 2 from drilling rod 3 top by liquid nitrogen pump 6, liquid nitrogen passes through drill bit
Nozzle sprays, and forms Speed High Speed Liquid Nitrogen jet 4.Cutter and liquid nitrogen injection 4 cooperate with the surface of shaft bottom hot dry rock 5,
Bottom rock 5 is broken under the synergy of hydraulic-mechanical, and the broken landwaste being formed is carried by nitrogen, from drilling rod 3 and pit shaft 1
Between annular space return to ground.
As shown in Fig. 2 Speed High Speed Liquid Nitrogen jet 4 impact bottom rock 5 surface, make to produce huge temperature at bottom rock 5 surface
Degree gradient and tensile stress, in the presence of tensile stress, bottom rock 5 surface produces microcrack, and pre-existing fracture is further
Develop and extend.Cutter 7 and liquid nitrogen injection 4 cooperate with bottom rock 5, and bottom rock 5 is in thermal stress, jet
Form volumetric fracture hole 8 under the joint effect of impulsive force and cutting tooth active force.
As shown in figure 3, liquid nitrogen injection 4 gasifies on annular space between drilling rod 3 and pit shaft 1 for the nitrogen 10 being formed in shaft bottom
Return.The landwaste 9 being formed in drilling process returns to ground in annular space described in the effect of dragging lower edge of nitrogen 10 from shaft bottom.
The foregoing is only the schematic specific embodiment of the present invention, and be not used to limit the practical range of the present invention.
Any those skilled in the art, the equivalent variations made on the premise of the design without departing from the present invention and principle and modification,
Protection scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of by the use of liquid nitrogen carry out hot dry rock drilling well new method it is characterised in that: the method by the use of liquid nitrogen as drilling fluid,
Crept in hot dry rock stratum.Described liquid nitrogen temperature is -195.8 DEG C, is sprayed by bit nozzle and forms liquid nitrogen injection work
For described hot dry rock surface.Cutter and described liquid nitrogen injection carry out hydraulic-mechanical combined-breaking rock to described hot dry rock,
Reach the purpose improving rate of penetration and reducing drilling fluid leakage.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of using liquid nitrogen carry out hot dry rock drilling well new method it is characterised in that: described hot dry rock
Temperature, more than 200 DEG C, bears 400 DEG C about of temperature difference in the presence of described liquid nitrogen, leads to described hot dry rock surface to be sprouted
Give birth to microcrack and pre-existing fracture further expands and links up.The growth in described crack and communication lead to described hot dry rock intensity fall
Low, thus improving the stock-removing efficiency of Cutter.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of using liquid nitrogen carry out hot dry rock drilling well new method it is characterised in that: described liquid nitrogen exists
Shaft bottom is gasificated as nitrogen so that described hot dry rock is in underbalance stress state, improves efficiency of breaking rock and power auger further
Speed.Described nitrogen returns by annular space between pit shaft and drill string, and carries the landwaste of broken rock formation and return to ground.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610736667.7A CN106368608A (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2016-08-26 | Novel method for conducting hot dry rock drilling through liquid nitrogen |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610736667.7A CN106368608A (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2016-08-26 | Novel method for conducting hot dry rock drilling through liquid nitrogen |
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| CN106368608A true CN106368608A (en) | 2017-02-01 |
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| CN201610736667.7A Pending CN106368608A (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2016-08-26 | Novel method for conducting hot dry rock drilling through liquid nitrogen |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106761393A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-31 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of special category space gas-liquid cycle drilling method and device |
| CN106837176A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-06-13 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of laser rock fragmenting method and apparatus for drilling well |
| CN110173246A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-27 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of water-liquid nitrogen method that alternately heating rate is adopted in tired pressure break hot dry rock raising |
| CN112377162A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-02-19 | 重庆交通大学 | Method and spray head for crushing hot dry rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet |
| US11029062B2 (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2021-06-08 | Strabo Engineering, LLC | Geothermal heat mining system |
| CN113090189A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Drilling system and method and application thereof |
| CN113185956A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2021-07-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Application of natural gas condensate as circulating medium |
| WO2022043947A1 (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-03 | Eavor Technologies Inc. | Cooling for geothermal well drilling |
| CN117266820A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2023-12-22 | 太原理工大学 | Hydraulic fracture propagation azimuth control method based on liquid nitrogen cooling reservoir |
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| CN104863506A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-08-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Jet temperature fracturing device |
| CN105507811A (en) * | 2014-09-27 | 2016-04-20 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Method for freezing formation water in gas drilling process |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106761393A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-31 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of special category space gas-liquid cycle drilling method and device |
| CN106761393B (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2018-11-06 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of special category space gas-liquid cycle drilling method and device |
| CN106837176A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-06-13 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of laser rock fragmenting method and apparatus for drilling well |
| CN106837176B (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2023-10-03 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Laser rock breaking method and device for drilling |
| CN110173246A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-27 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of water-liquid nitrogen method that alternately heating rate is adopted in tired pressure break hot dry rock raising |
| US11428441B2 (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2022-08-30 | Strabo Engineering, LLC | Geothermal heat mining system |
| US11029062B2 (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2021-06-08 | Strabo Engineering, LLC | Geothermal heat mining system |
| CN113090189A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Drilling system and method and application thereof |
| CN113090189B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2023-08-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Drilling system and method and application thereof |
| CN113185956A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2021-07-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Application of natural gas condensate as circulating medium |
| WO2022043947A1 (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-03 | Eavor Technologies Inc. | Cooling for geothermal well drilling |
| CN112377162B (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-10-28 | 重庆交通大学 | Method and spray head for crushing hot dry rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet |
| CN112377162A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-02-19 | 重庆交通大学 | Method and spray head for crushing hot dry rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet |
| CN117266820A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2023-12-22 | 太原理工大学 | Hydraulic fracture propagation azimuth control method based on liquid nitrogen cooling reservoir |
| CN117266820B (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-01-23 | 太原理工大学 | Hydraulic fracture propagation azimuth control method based on liquid nitrogen cooling reservoir |
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Application publication date: 20170201 |