CN106367030A - 3,3,3‑三氟丙烯组合物 - Google Patents

3,3,3‑三氟丙烯组合物 Download PDF

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CN106367030A
CN106367030A CN201610670081.5A CN201610670081A CN106367030A CN 106367030 A CN106367030 A CN 106367030A CN 201610670081 A CN201610670081 A CN 201610670081A CN 106367030 A CN106367030 A CN 106367030A
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B.鲍桑德
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Abstract

本发明涉及3,3,3‑三氟丙烯组合物。本申请涉及包括组合物，其包括多元醇酯(POE)或PVE润滑剂和包括3,3,3‑三氟丙烯的制冷剂F。本发明还涉及所述组合物用于制冷、空调和热泵的用途。

Description

3,3,3-三氟丙烯组合物
本申请是申请号为201180055715.1、申请日为2011年08月04日、发明名称为“3,3,3-三氟丙烯组合物”的专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及包含3,3,3-三氟丙烯和至少一种润滑剂的组合物，其可用于制冷、空调(空气调节)和热泵。
在蒙特利尔提出了由损耗大气臭氧层的物质造成的问题，在这里签署了强制减少氯氟烃(CFC)的生产和使用的协议。该协议已成为要求放弃CFC并将规定延伸到包括氢氯氟烃(HCFC)的其它产品的修正案的主题。
制冷工业和空调工业在这些制冷剂的替代方面进行了大量投资，且这是因为氢氟烃(HFC)已经市场化。
在机动车工业中，在许多国家出售的车辆的空调系统已从包含氯氟烃(CFC-12)的制冷剂改变为氢氟烃(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷：HFC-134a)，其对臭氧层是较小有害的。然而，从京都议定书设定的目标的观点来看，HFC-134a(GWP＝1430)被认为具有高的热值(发热量)。通过标准：GWP(全球变暖潜力)量化制冷剂对于温室效应的贡献，所述GWP通过采用对于二氧化碳为1的参考值概括热值。
氢氟烯烃(HFO)具有低的热值，和因此可满足京都议定书设定的目标。文献JP 4-110388公开了作为传热剂的氢氟丙烯。
在工业部门中，最通常使用的制冷机是基于液体制冷剂的蒸发冷却的。在蒸发后，将所述制冷剂压缩并然后冷却以回到液态，并由此继续循环。
所用的制冷剂压缩机为往复式、离心式、涡管式或螺旋式。通常，为了降低活动部件的磨损和加热、使它们完全不漏并保护它们不被腐蚀，压缩机的内部润滑是必需的。
除了具有作为传热剂的良好性能之外，为了使制冷剂商业上被接受，它特别地必须是热稳定的和与润滑剂相容的。这是因为所述制冷剂与在大多数制冷系统中存在的压缩机中使用的润滑剂相容是高度期望的。该制冷剂和润滑剂组合对于所述制冷系统的使用和效力是重要的；特别地，在整个操作温度范围内，所述润滑剂在所述制冷剂中必须是充分可溶的或可混溶的。
因此，已开发在机动车空调中作为HFC-134a的润滑剂的聚亚烷基二醇(PAG)。
在文献WO 2004/037913的实施例3中已描述了1,1,3,3,3-五氟丙烯、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和3,3,3-三氟丙烯与PAG的相容性测试。该文献满足于仅给出在所述测试后样品的外观。
申请人现在已开发可在制冷、空调和热泵中使用的制冷剂和润滑剂配对。该配对具有对于所述润滑剂和/或制冷剂特别稳定的优点。
因此，本申请的目的是包含至少一种基于多元醇酯(POE)或基于聚乙烯基醚(PVE)的润滑剂和包括3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HFO-1243zf)的制冷剂F的组合物。
根据本发明，除HFO-1243zf外，所述制冷剂F还可包括其它氢氟丙烯，如2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)和反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯。
所述制冷剂F还可包括氢氟烃如1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、1,1-二氟甲烷和五氟乙烷。
与其它氢氟丙烯相比，3,3,3-三氟丙烯具有已成为商业产品的优势。
通过多元醇(包含至少两个羟基-OH的醇)与单官能或多官能羧酸或单官能羧酸混合物的反应得到多元醇酯。为了防止逆反应(即水解)，除去在该反应期间形成的水。
根据本发明，优选的多元醇是具有新戊基骨架的那些，例如新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇和二季戊四醇；季戊四醇是优选的多元醇。
所述羧酸可包含2-15个碳原子，碳骨架可为线性或支化的。可特别提及正戊酸、正己酸、正庚酸、正辛酸、2-乙基己酸、2,2-二甲基戊酸、3,5,5-三甲基己酸、己二酸和琥珀酸、以及它们的混合物。
一些醇官能团未被酯化，但它们的比例保持为低的。因此，相对于-CH2-O-(C＝O)-单元，所述POE可包含0-5相对摩尔％的CH2-OH单元。
优选的POE润滑剂是在40℃具有1-1000厘沱(cSt)、优选10-200cSt和有利地30-80cSt的粘度的那些。
所述聚乙烯基醚(PVE)油优选为以下2种单元的共聚物：
可通过改变m/n比例和m+n之和来调节所述油的性能(特别地，所述制冷剂的粘度、溶解度和与所述制冷剂的可混溶性)。优选的PVE油是具有50％-95％重量的单元1的那些。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式，所述润滑剂占所述组合物的10％-50％重量，包括端点。特别优选POE。
所述制冷剂F还可包括添加剂如有气味的(odorous)化合物。
本发明的主题还为上述组合物在如下中的用途：制冷，特别是家庭制冷、商业制冷、冷室、食品工业、加工工业、冷藏运输(卡车、船舶)；空调，特别是家用、商业或工业空调，其中所用设备是冷却器或直接膨胀设备；和热泵，特别是中等温度和高温的热泵。
本发明还包括以下实施方式：
第1项.组合物，包含至少一种基于多元醇酯(POE)或PVE的润滑剂和包括3,3,3-三氟丙烯的制冷剂F。
第2项.第1项的组合物，特征在于所述制冷剂F还包括2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯。
第3项.第1-3项的组合物，特征在于所述POE由具有新戊基骨架的多元醇如新戊二醇、三甲羟基丙烷、季戊四醇和二季戊四醇得到。
第4项.第1-3项任一项的组合物，特征在于所述POE由具有2-15个碳原子的线性或支化羧酸得到。
第5项.第1-4项中任一项的组合物，特征在于所述POE占所述组合物的10％-50％重量。
第6项.第1-5项中任一项的组合物在制冷、空调和热泵中的用途。
试验部分
根据标准ASHRAE 97-2007：“sealed glass tube method to test the chemicalstability of materials for use within refrigerant systems”进行热稳定性测试。
所述测试条件如下：
制冷剂F的重量：2.2g
润滑剂的重量：5g
温度：200℃
持续时间：14天
将润滑剂引入42.2ml的玻璃管中。随后在所述管中抽真空，然后向其加入所述制冷剂F。然后焊接封闭所述管并将其放于200℃的烘箱中14天。
在所述测试结束时，进行多种分析：
—收取气相以通过气相色谱法分析：通过GC/MS(联用的气相色谱法/质谱法)鉴别重要杂质。因此，可将来自所述制冷剂F的杂质和来自所述润滑剂的杂质集合在一起。
—分析所述润滑剂：颜色(通过光谱色度学，Labomat DR Lange LICO220modelMLG131)、含水量(通过Karl Fischer电量分析，Mettler DL37)和酸值(通过使用0.01N甲醇氢氧化钾(氢氧化钾甲醇液，methanolic potassium hydroxide)的定量测定)。
测试三种商业润滑剂：油PAG ND8、油POE Ze-GLES RB68和PVE FVC 68D。
所述制冷剂F基本上包含HFO-1243zf。
注意到，在POE或PVE的存在下，所述酸值较低。此外，在POE的存在下，所述制冷剂的稳定性还改善。

Claims (7)

1.组合物，包含至少一种基于多元醇酯(POE)的润滑剂和包括3,3,3-三氟丙烯的制冷剂F，其中多元醇酯在40℃具有1-1000厘沱的粘度。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物，其中多元醇酯在40℃具有10-200厘沱的粘度。
3.根据权利要求1或2的组合物，其中多元醇酯在40℃具有30-80厘沱的粘度。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的组合物，特征在于所述制冷剂F还包括2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯。
5.权利要求1-4任一项的组合物，特征在于所述POE由具有2-15个碳原子的线性或支化羧酸得到。
6.权利要求1-5任一项的组合物，特征在于所述POE占所述组合物的10％-50％重量。
7.权利要求1-6任一项的组合物在制冷、空调和热泵中的用途。
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FR1057484A FR2964977B1 (fr) 2010-09-20 2010-09-20 Composition a base de 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
FR1057484 2010-09-20
CN201180055715.1A CN103221504B (zh) 2010-09-20 2011-08-04 3,3,3-三氟丙烯组合物
PCT/FR2011/051870 WO2012038630A1 (fr) 2010-09-20 2011-08-04 Composition a base de 3,3,3-trifluoropropene

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FR2957083B1 (fr) 2010-03-02 2015-12-11 Arkema France Fluide de transfert de chaleur pour compresseur centrifuge
FR2959999B1 (fr) 2010-05-11 2012-07-20 Arkema France Fluides de transfert de chaleur et leur utilisation dans des echangeurs de chaleur a contre-courant
FR2959997B1 (fr) 2010-05-11 2012-06-08 Arkema France Fluides de transfert de chaleur et leur utilisation dans des echangeurs de chaleur a contre-courant
FR2964975B1 (fr) 2010-09-20 2012-08-24 Arkema France Composition a base de 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
FR2964976B1 (fr) 2010-09-20 2012-08-24 Arkema France Composition a base de 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
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JP6159373B2 (ja) * 2015-10-07 2017-07-05 出光興産株式会社 冷凍機油、冷凍機用組成物、冷凍機及び冷凍機油の選定方法
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