CN102959037B - 包含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的组合物 - Google Patents

包含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的组合物 Download PDF

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CN102959037B
CN102959037B CN201180031455.4A CN201180031455A CN102959037B CN 102959037 B CN102959037 B CN 102959037B CN 201180031455 A CN201180031455 A CN 201180031455A CN 102959037 B CN102959037 B CN 102959037B
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B·鲍桑德
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Abstract

本发明涉及包含制冷剂F和基于多元醇酯(POE)的润滑剂的组合物，所述制冷剂F包括至少99.8重量%的2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、0.5-500ppm的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯、0.5-500ppm的三氟丙炔、以及1-1500ppm的基于2或3个碳原子的任选地包含烯键的化合物。

Description

包含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的组合物
本发明涉及包含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和润滑剂的组合物，其能够用于空气调节。
在蒙特利尔商议了由损耗大气臭氧层的物质所引起的问题，在蒙特利尔签署了强制减少氯氟烃(CFC)的制造和使用的议定书。该议定书已经形成这样的修正案的主题，所述修正案要求放弃CFC并且将规章管理扩展至其它产品，包括氢氯氟烃(HCFC)。
制冷和空气调节工业已经在这些制冷剂的替代方面进行了大量投资，因此氢氟烃(HFC)已经上市。
在机动车工业中，许多国家中的市售车辆的空气调节系统已经由氯氟烃(CFC-12)制冷剂变为对臭氧层的危害较小的氢氟烃(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷：HFC-134a)制冷剂。然而，从由京都议定书所设定的目标的观点来看，HFC-134a(GWP=1430)被认为具有高的发热本领(heating power)。制冷剂对温室效应的贡献通过标准即GWP(全球增温潜势)量化，GWP通过将二氧化碳作为基准值1而概述了发热本领。
氢氟烯烃(HFO)具有低发热本领，因而符合京都议定书所设定的目标。文献JP 4-110388公开了2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)作为制冷、空气调节和热泵中的传热剂。
在工业领域中，最通常使用的制冷机基于通过液态制冷剂的蒸发的冷却。在气化后，对制冷剂进行加压并然后冷却，以使其恢复为液态，从而继续该循环。
由于经济上的原因，制冷剂压缩机常常为具有经润滑的汽缸的往复式压缩机。通常，为了降低运动部件的磨损和发热、完善运动部件的密封性并使其免于腐蚀，压缩机的内部润滑是必要的。
用于制冷剂压缩机润滑的油类所要求的主要特性是与制冷剂的混溶性、溶解性、以及热和化学稳定性。
因此，在机动车空气调节中，已经开发了聚亚烷基二醇(PAG)作为HFC-134a的润滑剂。
文献US 7534366推荐了PAG与HFO-1234yf组合用在空气调节中，所述PAG为由两个或更多个氧化亚丙基组成的均聚物或共聚物的形式且在37°C下具有10-200厘沲的粘度。
本申请人现已开发出能够用于空气调节的制冷剂-润滑剂配对。
因此，本申请的目的在于包含制冷剂F和至少一种基于多元醇酯(POE)的润滑剂的组合物，所述制冷剂F包含至少99.8重量%的2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、0.5-500ppm的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯、0.5-500ppm的3,3,3-三氟丙炔、以及1-1500ppm的含有2或3个碳原子的任选地包含烯烃键的化合物(不包括HFO-1225ye和3,3,3-三氟丙炔)。
通过多元醇(含有至少两个羟基-OH的醇)与单官能或多官能羧酸的反应或者多元醇与单官能羧酸混合物的反应获得多元醇酯。为了防止逆反应(即水解)，除去在该反应期间形成的水。这是因为多元醇酯能够在某些条件下与水反应，从而再次产生多元醇。
本申请人已经发现，尽管存在该问题，但是，在空气调节(特别是其中水分进入的风险更高的机动车空气调节)中，将制冷剂F与POE一起使用是有可能的。通常，机动车空气调节回路包括干滤器，以使水分含量不超过约1000ppm。
根据本发明，优选的多元醇是具有新戊基骨架的那些，例如新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇和二季戊四醇；季戊四醇是优选的多元醇。
所述羧酸可包含2-15个碳原子，碳骨架为线型或支化的是可能的。可特别提及正戊酸、正己酸、正庚酸、正辛酸、2-乙基己酸、2,2-二甲基戊酸、3,5,5-三甲基己酸、己二酸和琥珀酸、以及它们的混合物。
一些醇官能团没有被酯化，但它们的比例保持为低的。因此，POE可包含相对于-CH2-O-(C=O)-单元为0-5相对摩尔%的CH2-OH单元。
优选的POE润滑剂是在40°C下具有1-1000厘沲(cSt)、优选10-200cSt、且有利地30-80cSt的粘度的那些。
优选地，根据本发明的组合物包含制冷剂F和至少一种基于多元醇酯(POE)的润滑剂，所述制冷剂F包含至少99.9重量%的2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、0.5-250ppm的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯、0.5-250ppm的3,3,3-三氟丙炔、以及1-500ppm的含有2或3个碳原子的任选地包含烯键(olefinic bond)的化合物(不包括HFO-1225ye和3,3,3-三氟丙炔)。
尤其优选的组合物包含制冷剂F和至少一种基于多元醇酯(POE)的润滑剂，所述制冷剂F包含至少99.95重量%的2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、0.5-250ppm的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯和0.5-100ppm的3,3,3-三氟丙炔、以及1-150ppm的含有2或3个碳原子的任选地包含烯烃键的化合物(不包括HFO-1225ye和3,3,3-三氟丙炔)。
根据本发明的优选实施方案，POE占所述组合物的10重量%-50重量%(包括端点)。
而且，本发明的主题为前述组合物在制冷、空气调节(有利地在机动车且优选在电动车空气调节中)的用途。另外，该组合物是热和/或化学稳定的。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方案，POE占所述组合物的1重量%-4重量%(包括端点)。该组合物优选对应于在机动车空气调节回路的蒸发器和冷凝器中循环的物质。
实验部分
根据标准ASHRAE 97-2007“sealed glass tube method to test the chemicalstability of materials for use within refrigerant systems”进行热稳定性试验。
测试条件如下：
流体F的重量：2.2g
润滑剂的重量：5g
温度：200°C
持续时间：14天
向42.2ml玻璃管中引入一定长度的钢材(the length of steel)和润滑剂。随后，在真空下抽空该管，然后向其中加入流体F。然后，焊合该管以使其密闭，并将该管置于200°C烘箱14天。
在该测试的最后，进行各项分析：
-回收气相以通过气相色谱法进行分析：通过GC/MS(联用的气相色谱/质谱)鉴别主要杂质。因此，来自流体F的杂质和来自润滑剂的杂质可被组合；
-对所述一定长度的钢材进行称重(测量腐蚀速率)并在显微镜下进行观测；
-分析润滑剂的如下方面：颜色(通过光谱色度法，Labomat DR LangeLICO220型MLG131)、含水量(通过Karl Fischer库仑法，Mettler DL37)和酸值(通过使用0.01N的氢氧化钾甲醇溶液(methanolic potassium hydroxide)的定量测定)。
测试了两种市售润滑剂：油PAG ND8和油POE Ze GLES RB68。这些润滑剂最初分别含有510ppm和50ppm的水。
然后，通过加入水以在每种润滑剂中达到1000ppm的水来进行试验。
用于这些试验的流体F含有99.85重量%的HFO-1234yf、213ppm的3,3,3-三氟丙炔、30ppm的HFO-1225ye、以及1257ppm的含有2或3个碳原子的任选地包含烯键的化合物。
注意到，当存在相同的水分含量时，在POE的存在下，流体F更稳定。

Claims (10)

1.组合物，其包含制冷剂F和至少一种基于多元醇酯POE的润滑剂，所述制冷剂F包含至少99.8重量％的2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、0.5-500ppm的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯、0.5-500ppm的3,3,3-三氟丙炔、以及1-1500ppm的含有2或3个碳原子的任选地包含烯键的化合物，所述化合物不包括HFO-1225ye和3,3,3-三氟丙炔。
2.权利要求1的组合物，特征在于所述制冷剂F包含至少99.9重量％的2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、0.5-250ppm的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯、0.5-250ppm的3,3,3-三氟丙炔、以及1-500ppm的含有2或3个碳原子的任选地包含烯键的化合物，所述化合物不包括HFO-1225ye和3,3,3-三氟丙炔。
3.权利要求1的组合物，特征在于所述制冷剂F包含至少99.95重量％的2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、0.5-250ppm的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯、0.5-100ppm的3,3,3-三氟丙炔、以及1-150ppm的含有2或3个碳原子的任选地包含烯键的化合物，所述化合物不包括HFO-1225ye和3,3,3-三氟丙炔。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物，特征在于所述POE得自具有新戊基骨架的多元醇。
5.权利要求4的组合物，特征在于所述具有新戊基骨架的多元醇选自新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇和二季戊四醇。
6.权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物，特征在于所述POE得自含有2-15个碳原子的线型或支化羧酸。
7.权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物，特征在于所述POE占所述组合物的10重量％-50重量％。
8.权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物，特征在于所述POE占所述组合物的1重量％-4重量％。
9.权利要求1-7中任一项的组合物在空气调节中的用途。
10.权利要求8的组合物在机动车空气调节中的用途。
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FR1002749 2010-06-30
FR1002749A FR2962130B1 (fr) 2010-06-30 2010-06-30 Composition a base de 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
US36453610P 2010-07-15 2010-07-15
US61/364,536 2010-07-15
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US20170080773A1 (en) 2008-11-03 2017-03-23 Arkema France Vehicle Heating and/or Air Conditioning Method
FR2950069B1 (fr) 2009-09-11 2011-11-25 Arkema France Utilisation de compositions ternaires
FR2950071B1 (fr) 2009-09-11 2012-02-03 Arkema France Compositions ternaires pour refrigeration basse capacite
FR2950066B1 (fr) 2009-09-11 2011-10-28 Arkema France Refrigeration basse et moyenne temperature
FR2950065B1 (fr) 2009-09-11 2012-02-03 Arkema France Fluide refrigerant binaire
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