CN106356551B - All-vanadium redox flow battery system applied to efficient energy storage - Google Patents

All-vanadium redox flow battery system applied to efficient energy storage Download PDF

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CN106356551B
CN106356551B CN201610969219.1A CN201610969219A CN106356551B CN 106356551 B CN106356551 B CN 106356551B CN 201610969219 A CN201610969219 A CN 201610969219A CN 106356551 B CN106356551 B CN 106356551B
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storage tank
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positive
electromagnetic valve
electrolyte
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CN106356551A (en
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王远望
官清
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HUNAN HUIFENG HIGH NEW ENERGY Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/188Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The utility model provides an all vanadium redox flow battery system for high-efficient energy storage, its includes the pile system, is located first upper positive storage tank and the second upper positive storage tank and first upper negative pole storage tank and the second upper negative pole storage tank of pile system top, is located lower positive storage tank and the next negative pole storage tank of pile system below. The scheme of the invention ensures that the pump is only used in the charging or discharging stage in the whole charging and discharging cycle process, so that the power consumption of the pump is reduced by 40-45 percent, and the service life of the pump is greatly prolonged; meanwhile, in the charging and discharging process, the charging or discharging can be completed, during the period of full charge and short-term nonuse, the full-charge electrolyte is not in the galvanic pile, and the self-discharging loss of the system is only about 10 percent of that of the traditional energy storage system.

Description

All-vanadium redox flow battery system applied to efficient energy storage
Technical Field
The invention relates to an all-vanadium redox flow battery system applied to efficient energy storage.
Background
With the increasing concern of people on environmental problems such as air pollution caused by fire coal, petroleum and the like and the energy shortage which is generally faced in the world, the research of energy materials has always become the leading edge and the hot spot of material science, particularly, the research of energy materials has become the front edge and the hot spot of material science, particularly, the research of energy materials has required a large-capacity electricity storage device by utilizing green and renewable wind energy and solar energy due to the characteristics of discontinuous electricity generation and the like, and the all-vanadium redox flow battery has become the hot spot of the industrial development of the energy storage industry due to the advantages of large-scale energy storage, environmental friendliness, deep charge and.
As shown in FIG. 1, the all vanadium liquid flow energy storage system is composed of a 7 '-galvanic pile system, an electrolyte and conveying system (1' -anode liquid storage tank, 3 '-cathode liquid storage tank and the like), and an 8' -management and detection system. Generally, the whole system is on a plane, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode respectively adopt a pumping system to convey electrolyte in a closed loop in the charge-discharge process to achieve charge-discharge; in the operation process, the pump needs to be operated continuously, the pump consumes 3-7% of energy of the whole system, the pump generates heat seriously and is used continuously in the charging and discharging process, so that the service life of the pump is greatly reduced, and when the system is charged to full charge and is not used temporarily, the migration of ions in the diaphragm causes serious self-discharge, and about 5-10% of energy consumption is caused. The system generally enters from the lower port and the upper port of a 7-electric pile system, and the anode and the cathode are respectively provided with a storage tank.
In the whole system charge-discharge process, the positive and negative pumps need to run in real time to ensure the progress of charge or discharge reaction, and in the running process, the charge state of the electrolyte in the storage tank is changed in real time along with the progress of charge and discharge, so that the accurate detection cannot be realized; when the system is charged to a full-charge state and is not used for a short time, the self-discharge is serious due to the diaphragm, and simultaneously, energy is consumed to drive the pump when the system is charged and discharged, so that the efficiency of the system is very low, and the general comprehensive electricity storage efficiency is lower than 70%; and because the pump is used continuously, the pump generates heat seriously, the service life is greatly reduced, and the pump needs to be replaced generally about 1 to 3 years, so that the system maintenance and replacement cost is increased, and the reliability is greatly reduced. In addition, the liquid inlet mode of the system generally adopts downward inlet and upward outlet, so that the internal pressure of the system is higher, the sealing requirement is higher, and the problems of serious ion migration between a positive electrode and a negative electrode and the like caused by unbalanced pressure on two sides exist.
The pumping system used by the vanadium redox flow battery enables electrolyte to respectively run in the whole closed positive and negative electrode pile and the pipeline system, but the electrolyte of the vanadium redox flow battery is corrosive liquid, and meanwhile, the viscosity of the electrolyte is high, so that a pump required by the vanadium redox flow battery needs acid resistance and corrosion resistance, and when the vanadium redox flow battery continuously runs, the power consumption of the pump is high, the heat is serious, the service life of the pump is short, and the reliability and stability of the whole system are seriously influenced. Meanwhile, a pump of the vanadium battery energy storage system needs to consume 3-7% of energy of the whole energy storage system, in addition, in the charging and discharging process, the charge state is in continuous change, and the defects of insufficient reaction, real-time change of the charge state, incapability of effective monitoring and the like exist in the conventional system; self-discharge is severe when charged to a fully charged state and left unused for a short period of time. Meanwhile, liquid flows enter from the lower opening of the galvanic pile at a low position and exit from the upper opening of the galvanic pile at a high position, so that the internal pressure of the galvanic pile is high, and the sealing of the galvanic pile and the pressure balance at two sides are greatly influenced. Therefore, the current system configuration is optimized, the service life of the pump is prolonged, the heating is reduced, the consumption of the pump on the energy of the whole system is reduced, the anode and the cathode fully react, the self-discharge is reduced, the pressure of the anode and the cathode is balanced, the reliability and the stability of the whole energy storage system are improved, the service life is prolonged, the self-consumption of the energy is reduced, the energy efficiency is improved, and the method is of great importance for exerting the advantages of the vanadium battery energy storage system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to an all-vanadium redox flow battery system applied to high-efficiency energy storage, which comprises a galvanic pile system, a first upper positive storage tank, a second upper positive storage tank, a first upper negative storage tank, a second upper negative storage tank, a lower positive storage tank and a lower negative storage tank, wherein the first upper positive storage tank and the second upper positive storage tank are positioned above the galvanic pile system,
wherein, the outlet of the first upper anode storage tank is connected with the inlet of the second upper anode storage tank through a pipeline provided with an electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the second upper anode storage tank is connected with the anode liquid inlet of the pile system through the pipeline provided with the electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the first upper cathode storage tank is connected with the inlet of the second upper cathode storage tank through the pipeline provided with the electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the second upper cathode storage tank is connected with the cathode liquid inlet of the pile system through the pipeline provided with the electromagnetic valve,
the anode liquid outlet of the pile system is connected with the inlet of the lower anode storage tank, the lower anode storage tank is connected with the inlet of the first upper anode storage tank through a pipeline provided with a pump (acid-proof pump) and an electromagnetic valve,
the negative pole liquid outlet of the pile system is connected with the inlet of the lower negative pole storage tank, and the lower negative pole storage tank is connected with the inlet of the first upper negative pole storage tank through a pipeline provided with a pump (acid-proof pump) and an electromagnetic valve.
Further, the all-vanadium redox flow battery system applied to efficient energy storage further comprises a monitoring and detecting system which controls all electromagnetic valves on the pipeline.
Further, the outlets of the first upper positive and negative electrode storage tanks and the second upper positive and negative electrode storage tanks are higher than a liquid inlet (upper port) of the electric pile system.
Further, a battery management system is arranged between the anode liquid outlet (lower port) and the cathode liquid outlet (lower port) of the pile system.
Further, the height of the galvanic pile is H, and the height difference H between the first upper positive and negative electrode storage tank and the second upper positive and negative electrode storage tank and the lower positive and negative electrode storage tank is larger than the height H of the galvanic pile.
The charge and discharge method using the all-vanadium redox flow battery system comprises the following steps:
the second upper positive and negative storage tanks respectively designed at the upper position are respectively connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the system through electromagnetic valves, the electric pile system is placed at the middle position, the lower position is respectively connected with a pair of lower positive and negative storage tanks, and the electric pile system is charged; simultaneously opening the positive and negative electromagnetic valves, starting charging the system, and allowing the fully charged electrolyte to flow into the lower positive and negative storage tanks along with the left and right gravity;
when the liquid level sensor in the lower positive and negative storage tanks detects that the electrolyte is stored in the electrolyte storage tank, the electromagnetic valve in the pipeline from the first upper positive and negative storage tank to the second upper positive and negative storage tank is closed, the electromagnetic valve in the pipeline from the lower positive and negative storage tank to the first upper positive and negative storage tank is opened, the pump is automatically started, and the electrolyte in the lower positive and negative storage tanks is respectively pumped into the other first upper positive and negative storage tanks at a high position;
when the charging is complete (namely the electrolyte in the second upper positive and negative storage tanks flows out completely), the lower electrolyte is just pumped into the first upper positive and negative storage tanks, then the discharging is directly carried out according to the requirement of the system, in the process, the electromagnetic valve in the pipeline between the first upper positive and negative storage tanks and the second upper positive and negative storage tanks is opened, when the electrolyte which is completely discharged (by detecting the voltage) is detected by the pressure sensor to be pumped, the electrolyte is started to be pumped to the upper position, and the periodic operation is carried out according to the charging and discharging requirements in sequence. And if the system does not need to discharge temporarily, closing the electromagnetic valve in the pipeline between the first upper positive and negative storage tank and the second upper positive and negative storage tank, and automatically opening the electromagnetic valve when the system needs to discharge to perform discharging operation.
Through two first and second upper positive and negative electrode storage tanks, the positive discharging electrolyte or charging electrolyte is thoroughly separated to avoid mixing, specifically speaking, a complete charging and discharging is used for explaining, during charging, under the condition of controlling flow and current, the electrolyte flowing into the lower positive electrode tank is a mixed solution of four-five valence or five-valence, the negative electrode is two-trivalent or divalent, at the moment, if discharging is started, the lower electrolyte needs to be pumped into the other upper positive electrode or negative electrode storage tank by a pump, the two upper storage tanks are adopted, one of the two storage tanks is equivalent to a stock solution storage tank, and the other storage tank is a post-reaction solution storage tank.
Through using first and the positive negative pole storage tank of second on the upper level, when having discharged the electricity, the electrolyte of lower level can all basically pump into the other jar the inside that upper level and reaction liquid are different, and the electrolyte of upper level reaction fluid reservoir (storage tank) the inside does not basically have sometimes, can open the solenoid valve under detecting system's effect, and quick replenishment is to reaction fluid reservoir the inside.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a prior art all vanadium flow battery system.
1 '-positive pole liquid storage tank 3' -negative pole liquid storage tank
7 '-pile system 8' -management and detection system
Fig. 2 is an all vanadium flow battery system of the present invention.
1-first upper positive storage tank 2-second upper positive storage tank
3-second upper negative storage tank 4-first upper negative storage tank
5-lower positive storage tank 6-lower negative storage tank
7-electric pile system 8-battery management system
9-monitoring and detecting system 10-upper region
20-the median region 30-the lower region.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings; these descriptions are intended to be illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 2, an all-vanadium redox flow battery system applied to high-efficiency energy storage comprises a stack system 7, a first upper positive storage tank 1 and a second upper positive storage tank 2 and a first upper negative storage tank 4 and a second upper negative storage tank 3 which are arranged above the stack system, a lower positive storage tank 5 and a lower negative storage tank 6 which are arranged below the stack system,
wherein, the outlet of the first upper anode storage tank 1 is connected with the inlet of the second upper anode storage tank 2 through a pipeline provided with an electromagnetic valve V2, the outlet of the second upper anode storage tank is connected with the anode liquid inlet of the pile system 7 through a pipeline provided with an electromagnetic valve V3, the outlet of the first upper cathode storage tank 4 is connected with the inlet of the second upper cathode storage tank 3 through a pipeline provided with an electromagnetic valve V5, the outlet of the second upper cathode storage tank 3 is connected with the cathode liquid inlet of the pile system 7 through a pipeline provided with an electromagnetic valve V4,
the anode liquid outlet of the electric pile system 7 is connected with the inlet of the lower anode storage tank 5, the lower anode storage tank 5 is connected with the inlet of the first upper anode storage tank 1 through a pipeline provided with a pump M and an electromagnetic valve V1,
and a cathode liquid outlet of the pile system 7 is connected with an inlet of the lower cathode storage tank 6, and the lower cathode storage tank 6 is connected with an inlet of the first upper cathode storage tank 4 through a pipeline provided with a pump M and an electromagnetic valve V6.
The first upper positive electrode tank 1 and the second upper positive electrode tank 2, and the first upper negative electrode tank 4 and the second upper negative electrode tank 3 are located in the upper region 10, the stack system 7 is located in the middle region 20, and the lower positive electrode tank 5 and the lower negative electrode tank 6 are located in the lower region 30.
Further, the all-vanadium redox flow battery system applied to efficient energy storage further comprises a monitoring and detecting system 9 which controls all electromagnetic valves on the pipeline.
Further, the outlets of the first upper positive and negative electrode storage tanks and the second upper positive and negative electrode storage tanks are higher than a liquid inlet (upper port) of the electric pile system.
Further, a battery management system 8 is arranged between the anode liquid outlet (lower port) and the cathode liquid outlet (lower port) of the pile system.
Further, the height of the galvanic pile is H, and the height difference H between the first upper positive and negative electrode storage tank and the second upper positive and negative electrode storage tank and the lower positive and negative electrode storage tank is larger than the height H of the galvanic pile.
The charge and discharge method using the all-vanadium redox flow battery system comprises the following steps:
second upper positive and negative storage tanks 2 and 3 respectively designed at the upper position are respectively connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the system through electromagnetic valves, a galvanic pile system 7 is placed at the middle position, a pair of lower positive and negative storage tanks 5 and 6 are respectively connected at the lower position, and during charging; simultaneously opening the positive and negative electromagnetic valves V3 and V4, starting charging the system, and allowing the fully charged electrolyte to flow into the lower positive and negative storage tanks 5 and 6 along with the left and right gravity;
when the liquid level sensors in the lower positive and negative storage tanks 5 and 6 detect that the electrolyte is stored in the electrolyte storage tanks, the electromagnetic valves V2 and V5 in the pipelines from the first upper positive and negative storage tanks to the second upper positive and negative storage tanks are closed, the electromagnetic valves V1 and V6 in the pipelines from the lower positive and negative storage tanks to the first upper positive and negative storage tanks are opened, the pump M is automatically started, and the electrolyte in the lower positive and negative storage tanks 5 and 6 is respectively pumped into the other first upper positive and negative storage tanks 1 and 4 in a high position;
when the charging is complete (namely the electrolyte in the second anode and cathode storage tanks flows out completely), the lower electrolyte is just pumped into the first upper anode and cathode storage tanks, then the discharging is directly carried out according to the requirements of the system, in the process, the electromagnetic valves V2 and V5 in the pipeline between the first upper anode and cathode storage tanks and the second upper anode and cathode storage tanks are opened, when the electrolyte which is completely discharged (through detecting voltage) is detected by the pressure sensor to be pumped, the electrolyte is started to be pumped to the upper position, and the periodic operation is carried out according to the charging and discharging requirements in sequence. And if the system does not need to discharge temporarily, closing the electromagnetic valve in the pipeline between the first upper positive and negative storage tank and the second upper positive and negative storage tank, and automatically opening the electromagnetic valve when the system needs to discharge to perform discharging operation.
Through two first and second upper positive and negative electrode storage tanks, make anodal discharge electrolyte or the electrolyte that charges thoroughly separate, avoid mixing, explain specifically with a complete charge-discharge, when charging, under the condition of controlling flow and electric current, rely on the action of gravity, the electrolyte that flows into the inside of lower positive electrode tank is the mixed solution of four quinquevalent or quinquevalent, the negative pole is bivalence or bivalence, at this moment, if begin to discharge, then need to rely on the pump with lower electrolyte pump into the other upper positive electrode of upper position or negative electrode storage tank the inside of lower electrolyte soon, two storage tanks that the upper position adopted, one of them is equivalent to former liquid storage tank, the other is the liquid storage tank after the reaction.
Through using first and the second upper positive negative pole storage tank, when having discharged the electricity, the electrolyte of lower order can basically all pump into the other jar the inside that upper-order and reaction liquid are different, and the electrolyte of upper-order reaction fluid reservoir (storage tank) the inside does not basically have sometimes, can open the solenoid valve under detecting system's effect, and quick replenishment is to the reaction fluid reservoir the inside.
Two sets of positive and negative storage tanks are respectively added, wherein the two sets of positive and negative storage tanks are placed at a high position, outlets of the storage tanks are higher than upper openings of the electric piles and are liquid inlets, through the action of natural gravity, positive and negative electrolyte respectively flows in the electric pile system through valve control and reacts uniformly, the electrolyte flows out from lower openings of the electric piles, the electrolyte which is fully charged flows into the storage tanks at a low position, then the positive and negative electrolyte which is fully charged is pumped into the other storage tanks at the high position by adopting an acid-resistant pump, the liquid inlets of the electromagnetic valve and the electric piles are controlled, the charging of the whole system is completed, and the electrolyte which is fully charged is completely pumped into the storage tanks at the high position. During discharging, the valve is opened under the action of gravity, the electrolyte finishes discharging through the galvanic pile system, and after the discharging is completed, the electrolyte is pumped into the high-level tank again;
the scheme of the invention ensures that the pump is only used in the charging or discharging stage in the whole charging and discharging cycle process, so that the power consumption of the pump is reduced by 40-45 percent, and the service life of the pump is greatly prolonged; meanwhile, in the charging and discharging process, the charging or discharging can be completed, during the period of full charge and short-term nonuse, the full-charge electrolyte is not in the galvanic pile, and the self-discharging loss of the system is only about 10 percent of that of the traditional energy storage system; meanwhile, in practical implementation, the electric pile system and the low-level storage tank can be placed underground, so that the system does not occupy land and is easy to preserve heat and protect.

Claims (5)

1. An all-vanadium redox flow battery system applied to high-efficiency energy storage comprises a galvanic pile system, a first upper positive storage tank and a second upper positive storage tank which are positioned above the galvanic pile system, a first upper negative storage tank and a second upper negative storage tank, a lower positive storage tank and a lower negative storage tank which are positioned below the galvanic pile system,
wherein, the outlet of the first upper anode storage tank is connected with the inlet of the second upper anode storage tank through a pipeline provided with an electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the second upper anode storage tank is connected with the anode liquid inlet of the pile system through the pipeline provided with the electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the first upper cathode storage tank is connected with the inlet of the second upper cathode storage tank through the pipeline provided with the electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the second upper cathode storage tank is connected with the cathode liquid inlet of the pile system through the pipeline provided with the electromagnetic valve,
the anode liquid outlet of the pile system is connected with the inlet of the lower anode storage tank, the lower anode storage tank is connected with the inlet of the first upper anode storage tank through a pipeline provided with a pump and an electromagnetic valve,
the negative pole liquid outlet of the pile system is connected with the inlet of the lower negative pole storage tank, and the lower negative pole storage tank is connected with the inlet of the first upper negative pole storage tank through a pipeline provided with a pump and an electromagnetic valve.
2. The all-vanadium flow battery system according to claim 1, wherein the all-vanadium flow battery system applied to high-efficiency energy storage further comprises a monitoring and detecting system which controls all solenoid valves on a pipeline.
3. The all-vanadium flow battery system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outlets of the first and second upper positive and negative electrode storage tanks are higher than the liquid inlet of the electric pile system.
4. The all-vanadium flow battery system according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a battery management system is provided between the positive electrode liquid outlet and the negative electrode liquid outlet of the stack system.
5. A charging and discharging method using the all-vanadium flow battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
the second upper positive and negative storage tanks respectively designed at the upper position are respectively connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the system through electromagnetic valves, the electric pile system is placed at the middle position, and the lower positive and negative storage tanks are respectively connected at the lower position, and during charging; simultaneously opening the positive and negative electromagnetic valves, starting charging the system, and allowing the fully charged electrolyte to flow into the lower positive and negative storage tanks along with the left and right gravity;
when the liquid level sensor in the lower positive and negative storage tanks detects that the electrolyte is stored in the electrolyte storage tank, the electromagnetic valve in the pipeline from the first upper positive and negative storage tank to the second upper positive and negative storage tank is closed, the electromagnetic valve in the pipeline from the lower positive and negative storage tank to the first upper positive and negative storage tank is opened, the pump is automatically started, and the electrolyte in the lower positive and negative storage tanks is respectively pumped into the other first upper positive and negative storage tanks at a high position;
when the charging is complete, namely the electrolyte in the second upper positive and negative storage tank flows out completely, the lower electrolyte is pumped into the first upper positive and negative storage tank, then the discharging is directly carried out according to the requirement of the system, in the process, an electromagnetic valve in a pipeline between the first upper positive and negative storage tank and the second upper positive and negative storage tank is opened, when the electrolyte which is completely discharged is detected by a pressure sensor to be pumped, the electromagnetic valve is started to pump to the upper position, and the periodic operation is carried out according to the charging and discharging requirements in sequence; and if the system does not need to discharge temporarily, closing the electromagnetic valve in the pipeline between the first upper positive and negative storage tank and the second upper positive and negative storage tank, and automatically opening the electromagnetic valve when the system needs to discharge to perform discharging operation.
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CN108461661B (en) * 2018-04-22 2023-05-05 赣州天目领航科技有限公司 Energy storage system of galvanic pile vanadium battery
CN110212228A (en) * 2019-06-21 2019-09-06 上海电气集团股份有限公司 A kind of ship power supply unit comprising iron liquid galvanic battery
CN112415077B (en) * 2020-11-19 2022-06-10 湖南钒谷新能源技术有限公司 Method for detecting electrolyte of all-vanadium redox flow battery
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