CN106349496B - 一种聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法 - Google Patents
一种聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08J7/12—Chemical modification
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2371/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
- C08J2371/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法,将聚芳醚膜浸渍在包括含羟基聚合物和去质子剂的改性液中,实现含羟基聚合物在膜表面的共价固定。该方法不影响膜本体性能,同时又具有操作简单、高效、成本低、膜内外表面改性均匀和改性效果持久等特点,适用于家用净水处理、自来水处理、污水处理、油水分离、血液透析、药物分离和食品处理等应用领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及膜分离领域,特别涉及一种聚芳醚膜的表面改性方法。
背景技术
聚芳醚是一类主链含有芳醚结构的高性能工程塑料,机械性能好,具有良好的绝缘性、耐热性、耐化学腐蚀性、耐消毒性等性能,是一种非常优异的分离膜材料,已经广泛用于水净化处理、油水分离、纳滤、血液净化和药物分离等领域。
由常规方法得到的聚芳醚膜表面组成较为单一,为了满足特定功能或性能的需要,如抗污染性、特异吸附性、抗凝血性、生物相容性等,需要对膜表面进行相应的改性。中国专利CN104984664A利用氯甲基化聚醚砜和氨基酸的反应,制备了氨基酸修饰的聚醚砜血液透析膜,使膜具有低蛋白吸附性和优异生物相容性。中国专利CN105688691A先使用多巴胺溶液改性聚醚砜膜,再固定聚二甲基硅氧烷,在油水分离领域具有很好的应用前景。中国专利CN104524994使用涂覆法,将磺甲基化聚砜涂覆在聚砜膜上,改善了膜的亲水性,延长了膜的使用寿命。中国专利CN101780377B使用电子束辐照的方法,将聚丙烯酸接枝到膜表面,制备出复合纳滤膜,具有较好的耐有机物污染能力。相对来说,进一步简化膜表面的改性过程,具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种更加简单、高效和适用范围广的聚芳醚膜表面改性方法。
本发明采用的技术方案为:
提供一种聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法,包括如下步骤:将聚芳醚膜浸渍在改性液中,在10~100℃的条件下反应5~300分钟,然后用清洗液冲洗干净。
所述的改性液组成包括含羟基聚合物和去质子剂。
所述的去质子剂为碱金属、碱金属氢氧化物、碱金属氢化物中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
所述的碱金属选自锂、钠、钾和铷。
本发明所述的聚芳醚是指含有芳醚结构的聚合物,具有以下的结构式。
其中:
式中,a+b=1;0≤a≤1,0≤b≤1;n为大于1的整数。
具体来说,聚芳醚主要包括如下结构的聚合物以及下面任意两种聚合物的共聚物:
以上这几种聚芳醚都是常有的分离膜材料。
含羟基聚合物是指聚合物链中含有羟基的聚合物,主要包括聚乙二醇、单羟基聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物、端羟基聚四氢呋喃、端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷、端羟基聚乙烯、端羟基丁腈橡胶、端羟基丁苯液体橡胶、端羟基聚丁二烯、端羟基聚异戊二烯、聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物。
去质子剂主要起到促进反应进行的作用,所述的去质子剂与含羟基聚合物的羟基的摩尔数比为0.01~100:1。一般来说,需要将含羟基聚合物与去质子剂在一定的温度下搅拌混合,使其进行充分的反应。
所述的改性液中还可以包含有溶剂,包括水、苯、甲苯、正己烷、环己烷、石油醚、正庚烷、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、环丁砜、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或乙醚中的一种或几种的混合物。溶剂的加入可以降低改性液的粘度,同时可以使通常条件下为固体的含羟基聚合物形成溶液,含羟基聚合物与溶剂的质量比为0.005~20:1。对于某些含羟基聚合物来说,可能使用非常少量的溶剂也可以达到较好的反应效果。
反应结束后,膜用清洗液去除表面未反应的物质,清洗液的组成主要是水或醇中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。清洗液也可以选择其它不与膜发生作用的溶剂,需要结合成本和安全性等方面因素进行选择。清洗液中可以加入无机酸、有机酸或碳酸氢盐,以更好地去除表面吸附的未反应物质。
本发明的聚芳醚膜的形态包括平板、中空纤维、管式或复合膜结构,根据孔径大小,主要包括微滤膜、超滤膜、纳滤膜、反渗透膜和气体分离膜。
本发明所制备的改性聚芳醚膜主要可以用于家用净水处理、自来水处理、污水处理、油水分离、血液透析、血液过滤、药物分离、生物分离和食品处理等。
本发明的主要优势是通过简单的化学处理实现聚芳醚膜的表面改性。一般来说,聚芳醚是非常稳定的,很难直接进行化学处理,通常是使用辐照或等离子体等方法进行处理,而这类方法所涉及的设备和操作都比较复杂,限制了在工业上的应用。而本发明所使用的改性液中加入了能促进反应的去质子剂,能够加快反应进程,实现聚芳醚膜的表面改性。
另外,由于含羟基聚合物选择范围广,而且每种含羟基聚合物有不同的分子量可以选择,所以可以制备不同性能的聚芳醚膜,以适用于不同应用领域。如果选择疏水性的含羟基聚合物,如端羟基聚硅氧烷,端羟基聚丁二烯等,可以得到疏水性的改性聚芳醚膜。使用亲水性的含羟基聚合物,如聚乙二醇,可以得到亲水性的改性聚芳醚膜,提高膜的抗污染性。
本发明的优越性还表现在:本发明所述的制备方法,反应温度较低,反应条件温和,操作简便,易于控制。
综合的,本发明提供的方法为一种易于规模化生产应用的聚芳醚膜的改性方法。
附图说明
图1是实施例1所制备的聚乙二醇改性聚砜膜与对照例所制备的聚砜膜的红外光谱图;
图2是实施例1所制备的聚乙二醇改性聚砜膜与对照例所制备的聚砜膜的动态接触角变化图;
图3是实施例1所制备的聚乙二醇改性聚砜膜与对照例所制备的聚砜膜的蛋白质吸附量图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例和附图对本发明进行详细描述,但不应将此理解为本发明所涉及主题的范围仅限于下述实施例,凡基于下述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明保护的范围。
对照例:聚砜膜
将80g聚砜和75g聚乙二醇(分子量为200 g/mol)加入到345g的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中,在80˚C下机械搅拌5小时使之溶解完全。溶液经过过滤,脱泡,用刮膜机涂覆在玻璃板上,空气中放置20秒后,放入凝固浴中成膜,凝固浴为纯水,温度为40˚C。将膜用清水清洗24小时,得到聚砜膜,该膜的表面接触角为88度,0.1MPa下的水通量为110 L/h/m2,对牛血清白蛋白的截留率为89%。
实施例1:聚乙二醇改性聚砜膜
在100g (含500mmol羟基)的聚乙二醇(分子量为400 g/mol)中加入1.15g钠(50mmol)作为去质子剂,常温下搅拌反应2小时,得到改性液。
将对照例制备的聚砜膜浸入到上述改性液中,在10˚C下反应60分钟,取出膜,用足量的清水充分清洗,得到聚乙二醇改性聚砜膜。
该改性膜的表面接触角为42度,0.1MPa下的水通量为180 L/h/m2,对牛血清白蛋白的截留率为89%。
可以看到,该实施例的改性膜具有明显更低的表面接触角,说明经过改性后,膜的亲水性得到了显著提高,这是由于表面的聚乙二醇链具有很好的亲水性。同时,通量得到了部分的提高,而对蛋白质的截留率基本上没有发生变化。
该实施例制得的聚乙二醇改性聚砜膜的红外光谱图见图1,相比于对照例的聚砜膜,可以看到在2870cm-1和1103cm-1处的吸收峰有了较明显的增强,这分别是聚乙二醇链段中的-CH-伸缩振动吸收峰和-COC-不对称伸缩振动吸收峰,这说明聚乙二醇链是稳定地固定在膜上面的。
该实施例制得的聚乙二醇改性聚砜膜的动态接触角图见图2,相比于对照例的聚砜膜,可以看到改性的聚砜膜非常容易被水浸润,而对照例的聚砜膜则几乎不能被浸润。
该实施例制得的聚乙二醇改性聚砜膜的表面蛋白质吸附量见图3,相比于对照例的聚砜膜,可以看到改性聚砜膜表面的蛋白质吸附量明显减少,这非常有利于防止膜使用过程中被污染。
实施例2:聚乙二醇改性聚砜膜
在90g的苯中加入10g (含2mmol羟基)的聚乙二醇(分子量为10000 g/mol),溶解完全后加入0.08g氢化锂(10mmol)作为去质子剂,50˚C下搅拌反应4小时,得到改性液。
将对照例制备的聚砜膜浸入到上述改性液中,在50˚C下反应120分钟,取出膜,用足量的乙醇充分清洗,得到聚乙二醇改性聚砜膜。
该改性膜的表面接触角为33度,0.1MPa下的水通量为192 L/h/m2,对牛血清白蛋白的截留率为88%。
实施例3:聚乙二醇改性聚砜膜
在90g的水中加入10g (含5mmol羟基)的聚乙二醇(分子量为4000 g/mol),溶解完全后加入2g氢氧化钠(50mmol)作为去质子剂,50˚C下搅拌反应2小时,得到改性液。
将对照例制备的聚砜膜浸入到上述改性液中,在100˚C下反应300分钟,取出膜,用足量的稀盐酸充分清洗,得到聚乙二醇改性聚砜膜。
该改性膜的表面接触角为53度,0.1MPa下的水通量为132 L/h/m2,对牛血清白蛋白的截留率为90%。
实施例4:聚四氢呋喃改性聚砜膜
在100g (含40mmol羟基)的聚四氢呋喃(分子量为5000 g/mol)中加入0.96g氢化钠(40mmol)作为去质子剂,常温下搅拌反应3小时,得到改性液。
将对照例制备的聚砜膜浸入到上述改性液中,在30˚C下反应120分钟,取出膜,用足量的乙醇的水溶液充分清洗,得到聚四氢呋喃改性聚砜膜。
该改性膜的表面接触角为67度,0.1MPa下的水通量为100 L/h/m2,对牛血清白蛋白的截留率为92%。
实施例5:聚丙二醇改性聚醚砜膜
在50g (含50mmol羟基)的聚丙二醇(分子量为2000 g/mol)中加入2.5g四氢呋喃,混合均匀后加入0.78g钾(20mmol)作为去质子剂,30˚C下搅拌反应3小时,得到改性液。
将聚醚砜中空纤维膜浸入到上述改性液中,在30˚C下反应60分钟,取出膜,用足量的乙醇水溶液充分清洗,得到聚丙二醇改性聚醚砜膜。该改性膜的表面接触角为38度。
实施例6:聚乙二醇改性聚醚醚酮膜
在90g的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中加入10g (含5mmol羟基)的聚乙二醇(分子量为4000g/mol),搅拌至溶解完全,再加入0.04g氢化锂(5mmol)作为去质子剂,30˚C下搅拌反应1小时,得到改性液。
将聚醚醚酮膜浸入到上述改性液中,在60˚C下反应5分钟,取出膜,用足量的清水充分清洗,得到聚乙二醇改性聚醚醚酮膜。该改性膜的表面接触角为30度。
实施例7:聚乙烯醇改性酚酞基聚醚砜膜
在25g的四氢呋喃中加入50g的聚乙烯醇,搅拌至溶解完全,再加入0.45g氢化钾(11.4mmol)作为去质子剂,30˚C下搅拌反应1小时,得到改性液。
将酚酞基聚醚砜膜浸入到上述改性液中,在30˚C下反应8分钟,取出膜,用足量的清水充分清洗,得到聚乙烯醇改性酚酞基聚醚砜膜。该改性膜的表面接触角为30度。
实施例8:聚二甲基硅烷改性聚芳醚砜膜
在50g的石油醚中加入50g (含50mmol羟基)的聚二甲基硅烷(分子量为2000 g/mol),搅拌至溶解完全,再加入0.2g氢化锂(25mmol)作为去质子剂,30˚C下搅拌反应6小时,得到改性液。
将聚芳醚砜膜浸入到上述改性液中,在40˚C下反应60分钟,取出膜,用足量的甲醇充分清洗,得到聚二甲基硅烷改性聚芳醚砜膜。该改性膜的表面接触角为110度。
实施例9:环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物改性二氮杂萘联苯基聚醚酮膜
在90g的水中加入10g (含1.6mmol羟基)的环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物(分子量为12600 g/mol),搅拌至溶解完全,再加入8.9g氢氧化钾(159mmol)作为去质子剂,30˚C下搅拌反应2小时,得到改性液。
将二氮杂萘联苯基聚醚酮膜浸入到上述改性液中,在80˚C下反应60分钟,取出膜,用足量的甲醇水溶液充分清洗,得到环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物改性二氮杂萘联苯基聚醚酮膜。该改性膜的表面接触角为40度。
实施例10:聚丁二烯改性二氮杂萘联苯基聚醚砜膜
在100g的环己烷中加入0.5g (含0.2mmol羟基)的聚丁二烯(分子量为5000 g/mol),搅拌至溶解完全,再加入0.01g氢化钠(0.4mmol)作为去质子剂,40˚C下搅拌反应2小时,得到改性液。
将二氮杂萘联苯基聚醚砜膜浸入到上述改性液中,在40˚C下反应300分钟,取出膜,用足量的甲醇充分清洗,得到聚丁二烯改性二氮杂萘联苯基聚醚砜膜。该改性膜的表面接触角为96度。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将聚芳醚膜浸渍在改性液中,在10~100℃的条件下反应5~300分钟,然后用清洗液冲洗干净;
所述的改性液组成包括含羟基聚合物和去质子剂;
所述的去质子剂为碱金属、碱金属氢氧化物和碱金属氢化物中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物;
所述的碱金属选自锂、钠、钾和铷。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法,其特征在于,所述的聚芳醚是指含有芳醚结构的聚合物,具有以下的结构式:
其中:
式中,a+b=1;0≤a≤1,0≤b≤1;n为大于1的整数。
3.如权利要求1所述的聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法,其特征在于,所述的含羟基聚合物为聚乙二醇、单羟基聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物、端羟基聚四氢呋喃、端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷、端羟基聚乙烯、端羟基丁腈橡胶、端羟基丁苯液体橡胶、端羟基聚丁二烯、端羟基聚异戊二烯、聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物。
4.如权利要求1所述的聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法,其特征在于,所述的去质子剂与含羟基聚合物的羟基的摩尔数比为0.01~100:1。
5.如权利要求1所述的聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法,其特征在于,所述的改性液组成中含有溶剂,包括水、苯、甲苯、正己烷、环己烷、石油醚、正庚烷、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、环丁砜、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或乙醚中的一种或几种的混合物。
6.如权利要求1所述的聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法,其特征在于,所述的含羟基聚合物与溶剂的质量比为0.005~20:1。
7.如权利要求1所述的聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法,其特征在于,所述的清洗液为水或醇中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
8.如权利要求1所述的聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法,其特征在于,所述的清洗液中含有无机酸、有机酸或碳酸氢盐。
9.如权利要求1所述的聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法,其特征在于,所述的聚芳醚膜的形态包括平板、中空纤维、管式或复合膜结构。
10.如权利要求1所述的聚芳醚膜表面改性的方法,其特征在于,所述的聚芳醚膜包括微滤膜、超滤膜、纳滤膜、反渗透膜和气体分离膜。
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