CN106346128B - 添加中间层的铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法 - Google Patents

添加中间层的铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法 Download PDF

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CN106346128B
CN106346128B CN201610915046.5A CN201610915046A CN106346128B CN 106346128 B CN106346128 B CN 106346128B CN 201610915046 A CN201610915046 A CN 201610915046A CN 106346128 B CN106346128 B CN 106346128B
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welding
copper
aluminium
friction
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CN106346128A (zh
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熊江涛
李京龙
王桂龙
张赋升
吕元召
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1225Particular aspects of welding with a non-consumable tool
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/16Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/233Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
    • B23K20/2333Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer one layer being aluminium, magnesium or beryllium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12Copper or alloys thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18Dissimilar materials

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种添加中间层的铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法,用于解决现有铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法接头强度低的技术问题。技术方案是首先将铝金属与中间层金属进行旋转摩擦焊接,再将带有中间层金属的铝金属与铜金属进行旋转摩擦焊接,中间层金属采用与铝和铜有较高固溶度的金属,焊接过程中,中间层金属分别向铝、铜两侧扩散,形成固溶体。虽然铝、铜也同时向中间层扩散,但由于旋转摩擦焊接时间短、焊接温度低,铝、铜向中间层的扩散物质浓度低,不足以形成大量的金属间化合物。铝、铜向中间层扩散所形成的少量金属间化合物将以飞边的形式被挤出,最终获得的铝、铜异种金属摩擦焊接头中没有铝铜金属间化合物生成,提高了接头强度。

Description

添加中间层的铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法,特别涉及一种添加中间层的铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法。
背景技术
铝、铜异种接头结构件具有较高的导电率、导热率、抗腐蚀性能以及良好的机械加工性能,因此在电子科技及化学工程等领域有着不可替代的地位。从结构与功能的实现以及经济的角度来看,铝、铜异种材料的连接具有重大的研究价值。铝的密度只有铜的1/3,铝与铜形成连接件可明显减轻结构的重量,发挥各自的优点,而且能降低生产成本。但铝表面极易氧化,所形成的氧化膜十分牢固,导热和导电性很差,采用机械连接难以满足热、电等使用性能的要求。因此,在实际生产中广泛采用焊接方法来实现铝、铜异种金属的可靠连接。然而,由于铝、铜的化学成分、物理性能差别较大(特别是熔点相差423℃,线膨胀系数相差40%以上),并且铝与铜的固态互溶度很小,在高温下二者能形成多种金属间化合物,如AlCu3、AlCu2、AlCu及Al2Cu等,因此,传统的熔焊方法很难得到优质的铝、铜异种金属接头。旋转摩擦焊这一固相连接技术具有焊接时间短、焊接温度低等优点,可以显著减少铝、铜异种焊接接头中金属间化合物的生成,在铝、铜异种金属的焊接研究及应用方面提供了新的思路。
文献“Sahin M.Joining of aluminium and copper materials with frictionwelding[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2010,49(5):527-534.”利用旋转摩擦焊,在不同的焊接参数下进行了铝、铜异种接头的焊接实验。结果表明,采用合理的焊接参数可以获得强度满足要求的铝、铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接头,接头最大强度为140MPa,为铝母材金属强度的70%,铜母材金属强度的48%,通过对旋转摩擦焊接头的微观组织观察分析发现,在焊接界面处生成了具有脆硬特性的铝铜金属间化合物,该金属间化合物的生成是导致接头强度下降的最主要因素。虽然通过优化焊接参数减少了焊接界面处铝铜金属间化合物的数量,获得了比采用传统熔焊强度更高的铝、铜异种金属摩擦焊接头,但通过优化焊接参数的途径无法彻底避免金属间化合物的生成,这也是导致铝、铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接头最大强度仍比铝母材金属低 30%的最主要原因。金属间化合物的存在不仅影响接头的强度,而且会增加铝、铜异种金属接头的阻抗,导致电器设备运行过程中产热增大及电力的损耗增加,影响电器设备服役性能。因此有必要提出一种能够避免金属间化合物生成的铝、铜异种金属摩擦焊方法,从而提高铝、铜异种金属结构件的强度、改善其服役性能(减小阻抗、增大导热率)。
发明内容
为了克服现有铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法接头强度低的不足,本发明提供一种添加中间层的铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法。该方法首先将铝金属与中间层金属进行旋转摩擦焊接,再将带有中间层金属的铝金属与铜金属进行旋转摩擦焊接,中间层金属采用与铝和铜具有较高固溶度的金属,焊接过程中,中间层金属分别向铝、铜两侧扩散,形成固溶体。虽然铝、铜也同时向中间层扩散,但由于旋转摩擦焊具有焊接时间短、焊接温度低的特点,因此铝、铜向中间层的扩散物质浓度低,不足以形成大量的金属间化合物,并且旋转摩擦焊在摩擦及顶锻过程中工件会在轴向位置产生一定长度的缩短量,所以铝、铜向中间层扩散所形成的少量金属间化合物将以飞边的形式被挤出,最终获得的铝、铜异种金属摩擦焊接头中没有铝铜金属间化合物生成,提高了接头强度。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案:一种添加中间层的铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法,其特点是包括以下步骤:
步骤一、打磨铝金属1、铜金属3和中间层金属2的待焊接端面。
步骤二、将铝金属1夹持在摩擦焊机固定端,将中间层金属2夹持在摩擦焊机旋转端。设定焊接参数为:焊接转速1200~1500rpm,焊接压力60~80MPa,轴向缩短量5mm,顶锻压力100~110MPa,顶锻时间4~6s。运行摩擦焊机,进行铝金属1及中间层金属2的摩擦焊接。
步骤三、对带有中间层金属2的铝金属1焊接接头进行加工,保留5mm长度的中间层金属2。对中间层金属2端面进行打磨、清洗,去除加工过程中残留的油污、杂质。
步骤四、将铜金属3夹持在摩擦焊机的旋转端,将带有5mm长度中间层金属2的铝金属1夹持在摩擦焊机固定端。设定焊接参数为:焊接转速1200rpm,焊接压力80~ 90MPa,轴向缩短量5mm,顶锻压力100~120MPa,顶锻时间5~6s,运行摩擦焊机,进行旋转摩擦焊接。
所述铝金属1的材料是1100纯铝或7050铝合金的任一种。
所述铜金属3的材料是T2紫铜。
所述中间层金属2的材料是ZAMAK3锌合金或镍金属的任一种。
本发明的有益效果是:该方法首先将铝金属与中间层金属进行旋转摩擦焊接,再将带有中间层金属的铝金属与铜金属进行旋转摩擦焊接,中间层金属采用与铝和铜具有较高固溶度的金属,焊接过程中,中间层金属分别向铝、铜两侧扩散,形成固溶体。虽然铝、铜也同时向中间层扩散,但由于旋转摩擦焊具有焊接时间短、焊接温度低的特点,因此铝、铜向中间层的扩散物质浓度低,不足以形成大量的金属间化合物,并且旋转摩擦焊在摩擦及顶锻过程中工件会在轴向位置产生一定长度的缩短量,所以铝、铜向中间层扩散所形成的少量金属间化合物将以飞边的形式被挤出,最终获得的铝、铜异种金属摩擦焊接头中没有铝铜金属间化合物生成,提高了接头强度。经检测,接头强度由背景技术的140MPa提高到148~300MPa。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作详细说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明添加中间层的铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法中铜金属、铝金属及中间层金属安装示意图。
图2是本发明添加中间层的铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法中铜金属、铝金属及中间层金属旋转摩擦焊后的接头示意图。
图中,1-铝金属,2-中间层金属,3-铜金属。
具体实施方式
以下实施例参照图1-2。
实施例一:采用ZAMAK3锌合金中间层的1100纯铝和T2紫铜的旋转摩擦焊接。
步骤1、1100纯铝与ZAMAK3锌合金中间层的旋转摩擦焊接。
1100纯铝1为直径20mm、长度90mm的棒材,ZAMAK3锌合金2为直径20mm、长度60mm的棒材。待焊端面焊前进行精磨处理。焊接时,首先将1100纯铝1夹持于摩擦焊机固定端,将ZAMAK3锌合金2夹持于旋转端,设定焊接参数为:焊接转速 1500rpm,焊接压力60MPa,轴向缩短量5mm,顶锻压力100MPa,顶锻时间6s。焊后采用线切割对铝、锌接头进行加工,保留5mm长度锌合金层2,并将锌合金端面进行打磨处理。
步骤2、带中间层的1100纯铝与T2紫铜的旋转摩擦焊接。
T2紫铜3为直径20mm、长度90mm的棒材,待焊端面焊前进行精磨处理,将 T2紫铜3夹持于摩擦焊机旋转端,将锌合金层2厚度为5mm的1100纯铝1夹持于摩擦焊机固定端,设定焊接参数为:焊接转速1200rpm,焊接压力80MPa,轴向缩短量 5mm,顶锻压力100MPa,顶锻时间6s,进行旋转摩擦焊接。
焊后对焊接接头进行EDS分析,焊接界面两侧没有铝铜金属间化合物的生成;对铝、铜异种金属焊接接头进行拉伸实验,接头强度为140~148MPa,接头均在铝金属侧发生断裂;
实施例2:采用镍中间层的7050铝合金和T2紫铜的旋转摩擦焊接。
步骤1、7050铝合金与镍金属的焊接。
7050铝合金1为直径20mm、长度90mm的棒材,镍金属2为直径20mm、长度 60mm的棒材。待焊端面焊前进行精磨处理。焊接时,首先将7050铝合金1夹持于摩擦焊机固定端,将镍金属2夹持于摩擦焊机旋转端,设定焊接参数为:焊接转速1200rpm, 焊接压力80MPa,轴向缩短量5mm,顶锻压力110MPa,顶锻时间4s。焊后采用线切割对接头进行加工,保留5mm长度镍金属2,并将端面进行打磨处理。
步骤2、带中间层的7050铝合金与T2紫铜的旋转摩擦焊接。
T2紫铜3为直径20mm、长度90mm的棒材,,待焊端面焊前进行精磨处理。将 T2紫铜3夹持于摩擦焊机旋转端,将带有镍金属2厚度为5mm的7050铝合金1夹持于摩擦焊机固定端,设定焊接参数为:焊接转速1200rpm,焊接压力90MPa,轴向缩短量5mm,顶锻压力120MPa,顶锻时间5s,进行旋转摩擦焊接。
焊后对接头进行EDS分析,焊接界面两侧没有铝铜金属间化合物的生成;对焊接接头进行拉伸实验,接头抗拉强度为280~300MPa,接头均在铝金属侧发生断裂。

Claims (1)

1.一种添加中间层的铝铜异种金属旋转摩擦焊接方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
步骤一、打磨铝金属(1)、铜金属(3)和中间层金属(2)的待焊接端面;
步骤二、将铝金属(1)夹持在摩擦焊机固定端,将中间层金属(2)夹持在摩擦焊机旋转端;设定焊接参数为:焊接转速1200~1500rpm,焊接压力60~80MPa,轴向缩短量5mm,顶锻压力100~110MPa,顶锻时间4~6s;运行摩擦焊机,进行铝金属(1)及中间层金属(2)的摩擦焊接;
步骤三、对带有中间层金属(2)的铝金属(1)焊接接头进行加工,保留5mm长度的中间层金属(2);对中间层金属(2)端面进行打磨、清洗,去除加工过程中残留的油污、杂质;
步骤四、将铜金属(3)夹持在摩擦焊机的旋转端,将带有5mm长度中间层金属(2)的铝金属(1)夹持在摩擦焊机固定端;设定焊接参数为:焊接转速1200rpm,焊接压力80~90MPa,轴向缩短量5mm,顶锻压力100~120MPa,顶锻时间5~6s,运行摩擦焊机,进行旋转摩擦焊接;
所述铝金属(1)的材料是1100纯铝或7050铝合金的任一种;
所述铜金属(3)的材料是T2紫铜;
所述中间层金属(2)的材料是ZAMAK3锌合金或镍金属的任一种。
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CN112941380A (zh) * 2021-01-28 2021-06-11 北京工业大学 一种高强变形铝合金及固态焊接方法
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