CN106345296A - 一种基于TiO2光催化氧化的模块式厨房油烟净化装置 - Google Patents
一种基于TiO2光催化氧化的模块式厨房油烟净化装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于TiO2光催化氧化的模块式厨房油烟净化装置,壳体为筒体,由入口段、若干中间段和出口段依次组装构成,各中间段内表面涂覆TiO2涂层。所述紫外光发生器为环形紫外灯管,布置在各级中间段的中部位置;所述过滤层由环形基体和滤芯组成,滤芯上下表面为金属滤网,内部填充负载TiO2光催化剂颗粒的吸附剂,滤芯装配在环形基体中;壳体各段连接处均嵌入一块所述过滤层,环形基体侧面设有光催化剂添加更换孔。本发明采用模块式结构,便于安装、更换,无需对现有抽油烟机进行改动,直接安装于其排气口后。多孔载体吸附能力强,提高了装置净化效率。光催化最终产物为无毒无害的CO2和H2O;复合过滤层再生后可重复利用,降低运行成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种厨房油烟净化装置,具体说是一种基于TiO2光催化氧化的模块式厨房油烟净化装置。
背景技术
厨房油烟是食用油和食物高温加热后产生的油烟,是一种混合性污染物,成分极为复杂,含有300种污染物质。厨房油烟对人体有直接危害:造成肺部类症和组织细胞损伤,引起肺活量下降;影响人体的细胞免疫、巨噬细胞功能,造成人体免疫功能下降;存在着能引起基因突变、DNA损伤、染色体损伤等物质,具有潜在的致癌性。厨房油烟对环境同样也有很大的危害:餐饮业食品加工过程中产生大量高浓度油烟,排放后长时间游离在城市上空,直接威胁着城市居民的健康,同时也是城市PM2.5的重要污染源之一。高温烹调是我们的传统烹饪习惯,厨房油烟生成过程无法避免,因此开发实用型厨房油烟高效处理技术对于我国大气环境治理具有重要意义。
传统外排式抽油烟机一般安装于炉灶上部或侧面,利用涡轮高速旋转形成的负压来抽吸油烟,经过油网过滤和涡轮惯性分离后排出室外。因此,传统抽油烟机的净化效率较低,并且油烟中的有害气体会被直接排空进而造成空气污染,尤其是污染气体扩散不完全的排气口附近区域。静电式除油烟设备的净化效率较高,但对油烟颗粒的比电阻也有一定要求,而且只能脱除油烟中的固、液相成分,而对气体有害成分作用甚微。另外,需要配套高压电源,不适合家庭厨房使用。
厨房油烟中的醛类(丙烯醛、甲醛等)、多环芳烃类、烷烃类(十八烷、二十烷等)、挥发性亚硝胺等都是强致癌物。研究发现:TiO2光催化氧化对上述致癌物质具有较高的分解效率,产物为无毒无害的CO2和H2O;催化剂载体的种类和结构对分解效率有直接影响。目前已有利用TiO2涂层来脱除油烟中有害气体的油烟净化装置,但TiO2涂层与油烟的接触面积较小,且催化反应时间有限,故该工艺脱除有害气体的效率欠佳。
发明内容
针对现有抽油烟机在净化效率、有害气体脱除方面的不足,本发明提出一种基于TiO2光催化氧化的模块式厨房油烟净化装置。
本发明提出的一种基于TiO2光催化氧化的模块式厨房油烟净化装置,包括壳体、若干紫外光发生器和若干过滤层。其特征是:壳体为筒体,由入口段、若干中间段和出口段依次组装构成,入口段设有油烟气体入口,出口段设有净化气体出口,各中间段内表面涂覆TiO2涂层。所述紫外光发生器为环形紫外灯管,布置在各级中间段的中部位置。所述过滤层由环形基体和滤芯组成,滤芯上下表面为金属滤网,内部填充负载TiO2光催化剂颗粒的吸附剂,滤芯装配在环形基体中。环形基体侧面设有光催化剂添加更换孔。壳体各段连接处均嵌入一块所述过滤层。
所述负载型TiO2光催化剂的吸附剂(载体)可以选用活性炭、分子筛等多孔材料。
该净化装置安装在抽油烟机排气口和烟道之间,经抽油烟机粗净化后的气体从装置入口段进入,依次通过各级过滤层,在紫外光照射下光催化剂将气体中有害有机成分彻底分解为无毒无害的CO2和H2O,净化后气体经出口段排入烟道。
该净化装置具有如下优点:
1. 传统抽油烟机只对油烟进行粗分离,脱除粒度相对较大的液态和固态污染物。本净化装置不仅通过光催化降解有机有害气体,也能够过滤油烟中的小颗粒液态和固态污染物,大幅提高厨房油烟的净化效率,对大气环境治理具有重要的意义。
2. 本净化装置采用了模块式结构,壳体各段通过外置不锈钢卡箍连接,安装、运行、维护极为方便;更换过滤层时,只需撤除首级过滤层和首级中间段,在末级过滤层与出口段之间插入新中间段和过滤层;失活吸附剂负载TiO2光催化剂在惰性氛围中高温煅烧后便可以再次使用。
3. 本净化装置安装在抽油烟机排气口后,无需对现有抽油烟机本身做任何改动,适用性强,家庭厨房、饭店厨房均可以使用,只需较低的投资即可实现油烟的深度净化,具有极强的实用价值。
4. 多孔质载体(尤其是活性炭)能吸附油烟中未被及时分解的有害气体,待装置中有害气体浓度降低后缓慢解吸,再由光催化剂彻底分解;载体也使TiO2颗粒分布更均匀,提高了光催化剂与油烟的接触面积。
附图说明
图1是本发明基于TiO2光催化氧化的模块式厨房油烟净化装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图1所示,本发明一种基于TiO2光催化氧化的模块式厨房油烟净化装置。该装置由壳体、若干紫外光发生器和若干过滤层构成。壳体由入口段2-1、出口段2-2和若干中间段2-3依次组装构成。入口段设有油烟气体入口,入口段的油烟气体入口与抽油烟机排气口连接。出口段设有净化气体出口,出口段的净化气体出口接排烟管道。各个中间段壳体内表面均匀涂覆TiO2涂层。各个中间段的中部位置均设有插孔3-3,所述环形紫外灯管(即紫外光发生器)3-1通过橡胶塞3-2固定在中间段的插孔3-3上。过滤层分为环形基体1-1和滤芯1-2两部分,滤芯上下表面的滤网1-2-1焊接环形基体上,溶胶凝胶法(或离子交换法等)制备的吸附剂负载TiO2光催化剂1-2-2通过环形基体侧面的光催化剂添加更换孔1-1-1填充到滤芯内。所述过滤层安装在各段壳体的连接处,壳体法兰端面与环形基体密封表面均有圆形凹槽,通过不锈钢卡箍2-5和凹槽内的O型圈2-4实现各段的紧密连接。
抽油烟机粗分离后油烟的主要污染物是有机有害气体和液态、固态小颗粒,经过首级过滤层后,液态和固态污染物全部脱除;在紫外光照射下,过滤层与涂层中TiO2的价带电子发生带间跃迁,即从价带跃迁到导带,产生具有强氧化性的光生电子(e-)和空穴(h+),可以将油烟中的有害有机气体直接氧化成CO2和H2O;当油烟的流量较大或有害气体浓度较高时,部分有害气体可以被直接催化分解,剩余部分则吸附在多孔载体内,待装置内有害气体浓度降低后缓慢解吸,再由光催化剂彻底分解;处理后的油烟通过出口段进入烟气管道直接排空。
本发明不局限于上述具体的实施方式,本领域的普通技术人员从上述构思出发,不经过创造性的劳动,所作出的种种变形和改进,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
为了更好地说明本发明的效果,列举如下实施例。
实施例1
以150目椰壳活性炭为载体,利用溶胶凝胶法制备负载量比例为5%的吸附剂负载TiO2光催化剂。过滤层滤芯直径为300mm,光催化剂填充厚度为15mm。所用净化装置含4级高度100mm、内径300mm的中间段,其内表面均匀涂覆了TiO2光催化剂。模拟油烟的有害有机成分为丁醛和甲苯,其浓度分别为250ppm和100ppm,模拟油烟流量为180L/min。所用紫外灯单根功率为100W,其波长为387nm。
净化装置在该工况下稳定运行5小时后,出口段丁醛和甲苯的测量浓度分别为21ppm和7ppm,折算成脱除效率分别为91.6%和93%。
实施例2
以150目椰壳活性炭为载体,利用溶胶凝胶法制备负载量比例为5%的吸附剂负载TiO2光催化剂。过滤层滤芯直径为300mm,光催化剂填充厚度为15mm。所用净化装置含3级高度100mm、内径300mm的中间段,其内表面均匀涂覆了TiO2光催化剂。模拟油烟的有害有机成分为丁醛和甲苯,其浓度分别为250ppm和100ppm,模拟油烟流量为180L/min。所用紫外灯单根功率为100W,其波长为387nm。
净化装置在该工况下稳定运行5小时后,出口段丁醛和甲苯的测量浓度分别为35ppm和10ppm,折算成脱除效率分别为85%和90%。
实施例3
以150目椰壳活性炭为载体,利用溶胶凝胶法制备负载量比例为7.5%的吸附剂负载TiO2光催化剂。过滤层滤芯直径为300mm,光催化剂填充厚度为15mm。所用净化装置含4级高度100mm、内径300mm的中间段,其内表面均匀涂覆了TiO2光催化剂。模拟油烟的有害有机成分为丁醛和甲苯,其浓度分别为250ppm和100ppm,模拟油烟流量为180L/min。所用紫外灯单根功率为100W,其波长为387nm。
净化装置在该工况下稳定运行5小时后,出口段丁醛和甲苯的测量浓度分别为18ppm和6ppm,折算成脱除效率分别为92.8%和94%。
实施例4
以150目介空分子筛为载体,利用溶胶凝胶法制备负载量比例为5%的吸附剂负载TiO2光催化剂。过滤层滤芯直径为300mm,光催化剂填充厚度为15mm。所用净化装置含4级高度100mm、内径300mm的中间段,其内表面均匀涂覆了TiO2光催化剂。模拟油烟的有害有机成分为丁醛和甲苯,其浓度分别为250ppm和100ppm,模拟油烟流量为180L/min。所用紫外灯单根功率为100W,其波长为387nm。
净化装置在该工况下稳定运行5小时后,出口段丁醛和甲苯的测量浓度分别为32ppm和9ppm,折算成脱除效率分别为87.2%和91%。
Claims (3)
1.一种基于TiO2光催化氧化的模块式厨房油烟净化装置,包括壳体、若干紫外光发生器和若干过滤层;其特征是:壳体为筒体,由入口段、若干中间段和出口段依次组装构成;入口段设有油烟气体入口,出口段设有净化气体出口,各中间段内表面涂覆TiO2涂层;所述紫外光发生器为环形紫外灯管,布置在各级中间段的中部位置;所述过滤层由环形基体和滤芯组成,滤芯上下表面为金属滤网,内部填充负载TiO2光催化剂颗粒的吸附剂,滤芯装配在环形基体中;壳体各段连接处均嵌入一块所述过滤层,环形基体侧面设有光催化剂添加更换孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述基于TiO2光催化氧化的模块式厨房油烟净化装置,其特征是:所述负载型TiO2光催化剂的吸附剂选用活性炭或分子筛。
3.根据权利要求1所述基于TiO2光催化氧化的模块式厨房油烟净化装置,其特征是:所述TiO2光催化剂为用溶胶凝胶法、离子交换法、液相沉积法制备的负载型TiO2光催化剂。
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