CN106340798A - Continuous tunable single-frequency ti sapphire laser based on locking of electro-optical etalon of internal cavity - Google Patents
Continuous tunable single-frequency ti sapphire laser based on locking of electro-optical etalon of internal cavity Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/107—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
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Abstract
The invention provides a continuous tunable single-frequency ti sapphire laser based on locking of an electro-optical etalon of an internal cavity. The laser comprises a pumping source, a ti sapphire crystal, a laser resonator, an optical isolator, a double-refraction filter plate, the electro-optical etalon, a vibrating mirror motor, piezoelectric ceramics, a beam splitting mirror, a photoelectric detector, a servo controller, a high-voltage driver and a signal generator; the light field in the cavity is modulated by utilizing a photoelectric effect of the electro-optical etalon, and the photoelectric detector detects and extracts error signals; and the electro-optical etalon is mounted on the vibrating mirror motor, the vibrating mirror motor is used to control the angle of the electro-optical etalon, and the electro-optical etalon is locked in real time. According to the invention, the light field in the cavity is modulated by utilizing the photoelectric effect of the electro-optical etalon, the photoelectric detector detects and extracts error signals and enables the vibrating mirror motor to control the angle of the electro-optical etalon, the transmission peak of the etalon is locked in the laser oscillation frequency in real time, and the cavity length of the laser resonant cavity is changed to realize continuous tuning of the laser frequency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ti sapphire laser, specifically a kind of continuously-tuning based on inner chamber electric light etalon lock
Single-frequency ti sapphire laser.
Background technology
Because titanium-doped sapphire laser exports HONGGUANG and the near infrared band that laser can cover 700nm-1000nm, so
It is widely used in the field of scientific studies such as Physics of Cold Atoms and quantum optices.In atom capture and cooling, atom storage etc.
In experimentation, need frequency and the atomic transition line accurately mate of laser instrument output light, this is accomplished by titanium precious stone laser utensil
There is certain frequency continuous tuning ability.Therefore, in the last few years, people are to the high power of ti sapphire laser, high stability, width
Outside the characteristics such as tuning range are paid close attention to, also begin to the frequency continuous tuning characteristic of ti sapphire laser is paid close attention to, and
Take a series of technological means to reach this purpose.At present, have several moneys alternative continuous tuning single-frequency on the market
The mbr series CW tunable Ti-sapphire laser of the relevant company of ti sapphire laser, the such as U.S., Britain m squared
The silstis series narrow linewidth continuous single frequency tunable ti sapphire laser of lasers company, U.S. spectra-physics are public
The serial narrow line width regulatable ti sapphire laser of matisse 2 of department and the tis-sf of Russian tekhnosca company release
Serial ti sapphire laser.These laser instrument are all by the transmission peaks of intra cavity etalon and internal oscillation frequency real-time lock,
Then the chamber length changing laser instrument realizes continuous tuning.And the embodiment of etalon lock is: thin slice etalon is pasted onto
On one piezoelectric ceramics being installed on support, support is fixed in the rotating shaft of galvanometer motor, by applying to adjust to piezoelectric ceramics
Signal processed makes etalon produce the vibration of minute angle, detects its reflected light signal using photodetector and is converted into telecommunications
Number, it is mixed with local oscillated signal and produces error signal, control the angle to control etalon for the rotating shaft rotating galvanometer motor.?
In this locking device, due to the inertia of piezoelectric ceramics, creep and non-linear the features such as had a strong impact on the locking of etalon
Effect, thus affect the frequency continuous tuning ability of laser instrument;And piezoelectric ceramics and support can increase the negative of galvanometer motor
Lotus, equally can affect the locking effect of etalon;In addition, for obtaining preferable error signal, the frequency of the modulated signal of applying
Need to be fixed at the natural frequency of piezoelectric ceramics, limit its motility, and intensity at respective frequencies for the laser instrument can be increased
Noise, thus affect the suppression of intensity noise at this frequency range for the laser instrument.Our experiment groups proposed one in 2014
Plant and introduce, in resonance intracavity, the method that nonlinear loss to realize the frequency continuous tuning of ti sapphire laser.Although this method
Larger frequency continuous tuning coverage can be obtained, but accepted bandwidth by nonlinear crystal and limited, ti sapphire laser is only
This function can be realized in specific frequency range.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcoming defect present in existing CW tunable Ti-sapphire laser, provide a kind of spirit
Live and stablize and have the ti sapphire laser of certain continuous tuning ability.This laser structure is simple, easy and simple to handle.
The present invention employs the following technical solutions a kind of realization: continuously adjustable based on inner chamber electric light etalon lock
Single-frequency ti sapphire laser, the laserresonator including pumping source, being located on pumping source emitting light path, goes out positioned at laserresonator
Penetrate the beam splitter in light path;The reflected light path of beam splitter is provided with photodetector;The signal output part of photodetector connects
There is servo controller;The signal input part of servo controller is also associated with signal generator, another signal of signal generator
Outfan is connected with high-voltage drive;Described laserresonator adopts four mirror ring-shaped laser resonator structures, by the first plano-concave
Mirror, the second plano-concave mirror, the first plane mirror, the second plane mirror composition, are provided with Ti∶Sapphire laser between the first plano-concave mirror and the second plano-concave mirror
Crystal, is simultaneously provided with optical-unidirectional device and birefringent filter in four mirror loop laser resonance cavities, the first plane mirror is bonded with pressure
Electroceramics;It is additionally provided with electric light etalon in four mirror loop laser resonance cavities;Described electric light etalon is to be z direction along optical axis direction
Cutting and be processed into two light pass surfaces is the parallel thin slice electro-optic crystal in x-o-z face, installs copper electricity on two x-o-y faces of crystal
Pole, and the polarization direction of incident illumination is in the z-direction;The signal output part of servo controller is connected with galvanometer motor, described electric light mark
Quasi- tool is bonded in the rotating shaft of galvanometer motor, and the signal output part of high-voltage drive is connected on two electrodes of electric light etalon;
The laser coupled system shaping that pumping source sends is incided on titanium gem crystal after focusing on, the output beam warp of laserresonator
Beam splitter separates sub-fraction laser entrance photodetector and is converted into the signal of telecommunication, and remainder exports as main laser, photoelectricity
The output signal of detector enters servo controller, and servo controller produces control signal and acts on galvanometer motor, controls electricity
The angle of light standard tool, signal generator produces the pure oscillation signal of two-way same frequency, and a road enters servo controller, another
Road enters high-voltage drive, and the output signal of high-voltage drive produces alternating electric field through copper electrode and intracavity light field is modulated,
The signal that photodetector detects extracts between electric light etalon transmission peak and laser oscillation frequency via servo controller
Deviation, using this deviation as control signal act on galvanometer motor control electric light etalon angle, realize electricity
The real-time lock of light standard tool, and then laser instrument frequency is realized by the chamber length that the length scanning piezoelectric ceramics changes laserresonator
The continuous tuning of rate.
The present invention utilizes the linear electro-optic effect of electro-optic crystal, and in the presence of extra electric field, the refractive index of crystal can be produced
Raw corresponding change.When applying the electric field of a mechanical periodicity to electro-optic crystal etalon, the transmission peaks of this etalon are corresponding
This etalon can be inserted laser resonance intracavity, can cause the cycle of laser instrument output intensity with cyclically-varying by frequency
Property change, detect this mechanical periodicity signal using photodetector, therefrom can extract out etalon transmission peaks and laser generation
Deviation between frequency, then passes through the angle controlling the rotating shaft of galvanometer motor to control etalon, thus etalon is saturating
Penetrate peak real-time lock at the frequency of oscillation of laser instrument, so, when changing laser resonant cavity chamber and being long, etalon transmission peak begins
Eventually corresponding with the frequency of oscillation of laser instrument and do not jump and touch phenomenon it is achieved that the continuous tuning of laser instrument output frequency.Right
For lithium columbate crystal, when applying electric field along optical axis of crystal direction (z direction), incident light deflection direction along z direction, and along y
When (or x) direction is propagated, in the presence of extra electric field, the variable quantity of crystal refractive index is(whereinFor applying the field intensity of electric field, γ33Electro-optic coefficient for lithium columbate crystal), then electro-optic crystal etalon transmission peak respective frequencies
Knots modification be.So periodically variable electric field can cause electric light etalon transmission peak respective frequencies
Cyclically-varying.
Described electric light etalon should be less than laser resonator because of the change of the transmission peaks frequency that applied alternating field causes
One free spectral range in chamber.
Described electro-optic crystal is lithium columbate crystal, lithium tantalate etc..
The output wavelength of described pumping source is 532nm.
The pump mode of described pumping source is end pumping.
Described titanium gem crystal is machined to the uneven optical crystal of two light pass surfaces or is placed with Brewster's angle
Optical crystal in the optical path.
Described coarse tuning element birefringent filter plate is made up of the proportional quartz crystal slice of thickness, and with cloth
This special angle of scholar is placed in the optical path.The free spectral range of birefringent filter is determined by the thinnest a piece of thickness, and birefringence filter
The transmission peak width of wave plate is then by the thickest a piece of decision.
Described piezoelectric ceramics and resonant cavity mirror bond together, and the voltage changing piezoelectric ceramics can change laser instrument
Resonator is long, realizes laser frequency continuous tuning.
By the way of described photodetector is detected outside the chamber.
Described beam splitter separates sub-fraction light beam and enters photodetector, and remainder exports as main laser.
Described servo controller includes mixting circuit, low-pass filter circuit and pi control circuit, for extraction standard tool
Deviation signal between transmission peaks and laser oscillation frequency simultaneously produces corresponding control signal.
Described electric light etalon is bonded in the rotating shaft of galvanometer motor, by applied alternating field, intracavity light field is adjusted
System, photodetector converts optical signals to the signal of telecommunication, produces control signal via servo controller and acts on galvanometer motor control
The angle of etalon processed, and then by the transmission peaks real-time lock of etalon at the frequency of oscillation of resonator cavity.
Described high-voltage drive is the broadband high-voltage amplifier with high pressure Slew Rate.
Compared with prior art, a kind of continuously adjustable list based on inner chamber electric light etalon lock provided by the present invention
Frequency ti sapphire laser has the advantage that
1. using the linear electro-optic effect of electro-optic crystal, intracavity light field is modulated, instead of the machinery based on piezoelectric ceramics
Formula modulation system, it is to avoid due to the inertia of piezoelectric ceramics, creep and the non-linear unstability causing, simultaneously alleviate galvanometer
The load of motor is so that etalon lock is more stable, and then makes laser instrument more stable.
2. the frequency of the modulated signal for locking etalon is unrestricted, can arbitrarily select, it has an advantage that: when need
During the intensity noise of a certain frequency band of laser instrument to be suppressed, suitable modulating frequency may be selected, avoid this frequency band so as to not
The suppression of impact laser intensity noise.
3. by the way of being detected outside the chamber, extraction standard has the deviation signal between transmission peaks and laser oscillation frequency, makes
The structure obtaining laser instrument is simpler.
4. do not need to be inserted into extra optical element in resonator cavity, only need to be real by scanning the piezoelectric ceramics in hysteroscope
The frequency continuous tuning of existing laser instrument, reduces the cavity loss of laser instrument.
In a word, the present invention is simple by obtaining a kind of structure using electro-optic crystal etalon, can steady running having
The single-frequency ti sapphire laser of certain frequency continuous tuning ability.
Brief description
A kind of Fig. 1 continuously adjustable single-frequency titanium precious stone laser based on inner chamber electric light etalon lock provided by the present invention
The structural representation of device, in figure: 1- pumping source, 2- titanium gem crystal, 31- the first plano-concave mirror, 32- the second plano-concave mirror, 33- first
Plane mirror, 34- second plane mirror, 4- optical-unidirectional device, 41- magnetic rotation crystal, 42- natural-optical rotation crystal, 5- birefringence is filtered
Wave plate, 6- electric light etalon, 7- galvanometer motor, 8- piezoelectric ceramics, 9- beam splitter, 10- photodetector, 11- servo controller,
12- high-voltage drive, 13- signal generator.
The cutting mode schematic diagram of electro-optic crystal in Fig. 2 ti sapphire laser of the present invention.
The experimental result of Fig. 3 ti sapphire laser of the present invention continuous tuning near 795nm.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is further described:
Fig. 1 is a kind of continuously adjustable single-frequency ti sapphire laser based on inner chamber electric light etalon lock provided by the present invention
Structural representation.The laser coupled system shaping that pumping source 1 sends is incided after focusing on and is placed on four mirror ring resonators
In gain media titanium gem crystal 2 on.The centre wavelength of the launching light of pumping source 1 is 532nm, and pumping source 1 transmitting swashs
The linear polarization of light is horizontal polarization, meets the demand to pump light polarization absorption for the gain media titanium gem crystal 2.Resonance
Chamber adopts four mirror ring resonator structure, by two plano-concave mirrors (the first plano-concave mirror 31, the second plano-concave mirror 32) and two plane mirrors
(the first plane mirror 33, second plane mirror 34) is constituted.Wherein birefringent filter 5 is located at the second plano-concave mirror 32 and the first plane mirror
Between 33, optical-unidirectional device 4 is located between the first plano-concave mirror 31 and the second plane mirror 34, and electric light etalon 6 is located at the first plane
Between mirror 33 and the second plane mirror 34, the position of optical-unidirectional device 4 and birefringent filter 5 can also exchange.First plano-concave mirror
31 are coated with to 740-890nm light height instead, to 532nm light high transmittance film;Second plano-concave mirror 32 and the first plane mirror 33 are coated with to 740-
890nm light high-reflecting film;Second plane mirror 34 is 5.5% to the absorbance of 740-890nm light.Described gain media Ti∶Sapphire laser is brilliant
Body 2 is placed between the first plano-concave mirror 31 and the second plano-concave mirror 32, (60.4 °) cuttings of the equal Brewster's angle of its both ends of the surface, and c-axis hang down
Straight optical direction in crystal, so that the almost transmission without loss of π polarized pump light and oscillation light, suppresses σ simultaneously automatically
Polarized light.The Reflection Optical Thin Film that the magnetic rotation crystal 41 by externally-applied magnetic field of resonance intracavity and natural-optical rotation crystal 42 form is unidirectional
Device 4 forces laser instrument Unidirectional.Intracavity coarse tuning element birefringent filter plate 5 is by three optical axises are parallel, thickness proportion is 1:
The quartz crystal materials of 2:4 are made.For avoiding etalon effect, optical-unidirectional device 4 and birefringent filter 5 to be Brewster
Angle is placed.Fine tuning element electric light etalon 6 is made up of Electrooptic crystal material.Described electric light etalon is along optical axis direction (z side
To) cut and be processed into the parallel thin slice electro-optic crystal of two light pass surfaces (x-o-z face), copper is installed on two x-o-y faces of crystal
Electrode, and the polarization direction of incident illumination is in the z-direction;Described electric light etalon 6 is arranged on galvanometer motor 7.Piezoelectric ceramics 8 and
One plane mirror 33 bonds together, and changes the length of resonator cavity by the length changing piezoelectric ceramics 8, realizes laser frequency
Accurately continuous tuning.Ti sapphire laser output beam separates sub-fraction laser through beam splitter 9 and enters 10 turns of photodetector
Turn to the signal of telecommunication, remainder exports as main laser.The output signal of photodetector 10 enters servo controller 11, servo
Controller 11 produces control signal and acts on galvanometer motor 7, controls the angle of electric light etalon 6.Signal generator 13 produces
The pure oscillation signal of two-way same frequency, a road enters servo controller 11, and another road enters high-voltage drive 12, high drive
The output signal of device 12 is connected on two electrodes of electric light etalon 6, for producing the extra electric field of electric light etalon 6.Described
High-voltage drive 12 is the broadband high-voltage amplifier of the high pressure Slew Rate being made up of pa85.
The lock step of described electric light etalon is: the road pure oscillation signal conduct that (1) signal generator 13 produces
Modulated signal zooms into the high pressure pure oscillation signal that amplitude is 200v after high-voltage drive 12, by this signal loading to electricity
Applied alternating field is produced, thus being modulated to intracavity light field using its electrooptic effect on two electrodes of light standard tool 6;(2)
The optical signal detecting is converted to the signal of telecommunication by photodetector 10, and wherein alternating component with the one of modulated signal same frequency is just
String signal;(3) photodetector 10 exchanges in the signal entrance servo controller 11 of end output, produces with signal generator 13
Another road same frequency pure oscillation signal through mixting circuit be mixed, and obtain after low-pass filtered circuit etalon transmission peak with
Deviation signal between laser oscillation frequency, the deviation signal obtaining produces control signal after pi circuit, acts on galvanometer electricity
Machine 7 controls the angle of electric light etalon 6;(4) angle of fine setting electric light etalon 6 is so that the friendship that detects of photodetector 10
The frequency of stream signal is just the twice of modulated signal, and now the transmission peaks of electric light etalon are in the frequency of oscillation of resonator cavity
Place, adjusts the relative phase difference of the two paths of signals at zeroing end, pi parameter and signal generator 13 generation of servo controller 11,
Then open the locking switch of servo controller 11, thus the transmission peaks of electric light etalon 6 are locked in the oscillation frequency of resonator cavity
At rate, complete locking process.
Fig. 2 show a kind of cutting mode of electro-optic crystal in ti sapphire laser of the present invention, and electro-optic crystal 62 is along optical axis
Direction 65 (z direction) is cut, and direction of beam propagation 67 is parallel with crystal y direction 66, light beam polarization direction 61 and crystal z direction
65 is parallel, and electrode 63 applied field direction is parallel with optical axis direction 65.
After laser instrument normal work, by adjusting optical axis and the incident light polarization of coarse tuning element birefringent filter plate 5
Angle between direction realizes the coarse tuning of laser frequency, then passes through to rotate fine tuning element electric light etalon 6 and incidence
Angle between light realizes the frequency fine tuning of laser instrument, and the piezoelectric ceramics 8 being connected with hysteroscope finally by scanning is continuously changed
The chamber of resonator cavity is long, realizes the frequency continuous tuning of laser instrument.Adjustment coarse tuning element birefringent filter plate 5 makes laser instrument export
Wavelength is near 795nm;The angle of electric rotating light standard tool 6 makes laser output wavelength to 795.000nm nearby and by electric light
The transmission peaks real-time lock of etalon 6 is at laser oscillation frequency;The length of scanning piezoelectric ceramics 8, obtains as shown in Figure 3
Continuous tuning experimental result.In coarse tuning element birefringent filter plate 5, fine tuning element electric light etalon 6 and fine tuning element
Under the collective effect of piezoelectric ceramics 8, ti sapphire laser achieves frequency continuous tuning.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of continuously adjustable single-frequency ti sapphire laser based on inner chamber electric light etalon lock, including pumping source (1), position
Beam splitter (9) in the laserresonator on pumping source (1) emitting light path, positioned at laserresonator emitting light path;Beam splitter
(9) reflected light path is provided with photodetector (10);The signal output part of photodetector (10) is connected with servo controller
(11);The signal input part of servo controller (11) is also associated with signal generator (13), signal generator (13) another
Signal output part is connected with high-voltage drive (12);Described laserresonator adopts four mirror ring-shaped laser resonator structures, by
First plano-concave mirror (31), the second plano-concave mirror (32), the first plane mirror (33), the second plane mirror (34) composition, the first plano-concave mirror
(31) it is provided with titanium gem crystal (2) between and the second plano-concave mirror (32), in four mirror loop laser resonance cavities, be simultaneously provided with optics list
To device (4) and birefringent filter (5), the first plane mirror (33) is bonded with piezoelectric ceramics (8);It is characterized in that, four mirror annulars
Laser resonance intracavity is additionally provided with electric light etalon (6);Described electric light etalon (6) is to be that z direction is cut and added along optical axis direction
It is the parallel thin slice electro-optic crystal in x-o-z face that work becomes two light pass surfaces, installs copper electrode on two x-o-y faces of crystal, and incident
The polarization direction of light is in the z-direction;The signal output part of servo controller (11) is connected with galvanometer motor (7), described electric light standard
Tool (6) is bonded in the rotating shaft of galvanometer motor (7), and the signal output part of high-voltage drive (12) is connected to electric light etalon (6)
Two electrodes on;The laser coupled system shaping that pumping source (1) sends is incided on titanium gem crystal (2) after focusing on, laser
The output beam of resonator cavity separates sub-fraction laser entrance photodetector (10) through beam splitter (9) and is converted into the signal of telecommunication, its
Remaining part is allocated as exporting for main laser, and the output signal of photodetector (10) enters servo controller (11), servo controller
(11) produce control signal to act on galvanometer motor (7), control the angle of electric light etalon (6), signal generator (13) produces
The pure oscillation signal of raw two-way same frequency, a road enters servo controller (11), and another road enters high-voltage drive (12), high
The output signal of pressure driver (12) produces alternating electric field through copper electrode and intracavity light field is modulated, and photodetector (10) is visited
The signal measuring extracts deviation between transmission peaks and laser oscillation frequency for the electric light etalon (6) via servo controller (11)
Value, this deviation is acted on the upper angle controlling electric light etalon (6) of galvanometer motor (7) as control signal, realizes electricity
The real-time lock of light standard tool (6), and then realize swashing by the chamber length that the length scanning piezoelectric ceramics (8) changes laserresonator
The continuous tuning of light device frequency.
2. the continuously adjustable single-frequency ti sapphire laser based on inner chamber electric light etalon lock according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that described electro-optic crystal is lithium columbate crystal, lithium tantalate etc..
3. the continuously adjustable single-frequency titanium precious stone laser based on inner chamber electric light etalon lock according to claim 1 and 2
Device is it is characterised in that the change of transmission peaks frequency that described electric light etalon (6) causes because of applied alternating field should be less than swashing
One free spectral range of optical cavity.
4. the continuously adjustable single-frequency titanium precious stone laser based on inner chamber electric light etalon lock according to claim 1 and 2
Device is it is characterised in that the output wavelength of described pumping source (1) is 532nm.
5. the continuously adjustable single-frequency titanium precious stone laser based on inner chamber electric light etalon lock according to claim 1 and 2
Device is it is characterised in that the pump mode of described pumping source (1) is end pumping.
6. the continuously adjustable single-frequency titanium precious stone laser based on inner chamber electric light etalon lock according to claim 1 and 2
Device is it is characterised in that by the way of described photodetector (10) detected outside the chamber.
7. the continuously adjustable single-frequency titanium precious stone laser based on inner chamber electric light etalon lock according to claim 1 and 2
Device is it is characterised in that described high-voltage drive (12) is the broadband high-voltage amplifier with high pressure Slew Rate.
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CN112421368A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-26 | 山西大学 | Compact and stable self-tuning laser and method for realizing self-tuning laser |
CN113140947A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-20 | 山西大学 | Single-frequency continuous wave tunable titanium sapphire laser based on double-refraction etalon locking |
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CN106961068A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-07-18 | 山西大学 | Realize all solid state ti sapphire laser of single-frequency continuous wave and method of automatic broad tuning |
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CN112366507B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2023-01-17 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Atom cooling optical device based on all-solid-state continuous wave aureosapphire laser |
CN112421368A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-26 | 山西大学 | Compact and stable self-tuning laser and method for realizing self-tuning laser |
CN113140947A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-20 | 山西大学 | Single-frequency continuous wave tunable titanium sapphire laser based on double-refraction etalon locking |
CN113140947B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-08-23 | 山西大学 | Single-frequency continuous wave tunable titanium sapphire laser based on double-refraction etalon locking |
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