CN111313216A - Method for suppressing intensity noise of high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser - Google Patents
Method for suppressing intensity noise of high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser Download PDFInfo
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1121—Harmonically mode locking lasers, e.g. modulation frequency equals multiple integers or a fraction of the resonator roundtrip time
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for restraining intensity noise of a high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser, which changes and restrains the intensity noise spectrum of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser by adjusting the length of a laser resonant cavity of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser, inserting a nonlinear crystal into the cavity and introducing nonlinear loss and the material, length and doping concentration of a gain medium. According to the invention, mode locking, electro-optical feedback control, mode cleaner or cascade mode cleaning, self-injection locking and other methods are not needed, an external additional instrument is not needed, the cost is effectively reduced, and extra noise is not introduced into a laser system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser, in particular to a method for inhibiting intensity noise of a high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser.
Background
Laser has the characteristics of extremely small divergence, very high brightness, good monochromaticity, good coherence and the like, and is applied to many fields in production and life of people since the past. With the development of the times, in some emerging subjects such as quantum optics and quantum information, precision measurement, atomic cooling and capture, gravitational wave detection and other fields, people put forward higher requirements on the beam quality of laser, and the laser has lower intensity noise while realizing high-power output.
Various intensity noise suppression techniques for lasers have been developed, such as seed light injection locking technique, photoelectric positive and negative feedback technique, mode cleaning or cascaded mode cleaning noise filtering technique, self-injection locking technique, introduction of nonlinear loss in the resonant cavity, and the like. The implementation of the above methods requires the introduction of external instruments, which necessarily impose limitations or impacts on the manufacturing cost, volume, output characteristics, and application of the laser. Wherein:
the seed light injection locking technology is that the oscillation frequency of a high-power oscillator is accurately locked to the oscillation frequency of a low-power high-quality seed source laser, and then the oscillation of the high-power laser is dragged and controlled. The system needs to adopt a plurality of sets of locking loops to improve the output power and the frequency stability of the seed injection locking system, and the use of the photoelectric servo system not only can introduce extra electric noise, but also can cause the system to have extremely sensitive influence on the environment.
The photoelectric negative feedback technology is that the intensity noise of the laser is restrained by photoelectric negative feedback, namely, the feedback electric signal is directly coupled to the driving current of the laser diode, and the noise is restrained by modulating a pumping source. In this noise suppression scheme, the use of an electro-optical servo system not only introduces additional electrical noise.
Filtering the noise of the laser with a single or cascaded mode cleaner filters mainly the noise in the high frequency band of the laser, i.e. the frequency at which the laser reaches the shot noise reference in advance of the intensity noise spectrum. This method has little effect on intensity noise at the relaxation oscillation frequency of the laser and introduces additional thermal noise even at frequencies in the hertz range.
Although the self-injection locking technology can effectively inhibit relaxation oscillation of the laser and intensity noise at high frequency, the long-term power stability of the laser is poor due to the use of the composite cavity structure, especially in an all-solid-state laser-based self-injection locking system.
By introducing nonlinear loss into the resonant cavity to change the dynamic process of the laser, the intensity noise at the relaxation oscillation of the laser can be effectively suppressed, but the method has little effect on the intensity noise at the high frequency of the laser (laser shot noise reference).
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for suppressing the intensity noise of a high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser, aiming at the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for suppressing the intensity noise of a high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser is constructed, and the method comprises the following steps:
collecting intensity noise spectrum of high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser
Output coupled vacuum noise
Noise due to intra-cavity losses
Noise from pump source
Noise due to spontaneous emission
Noise caused by dipole fluctuation
The intensity noise spectrum of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser is expressed by the formula (1):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
respectively relating to outcoupled vacuum noise
Noise due to intra-cavity loss
Noise from pump source
Noise caused by spontaneous emission
And noise caused by dipole fluctuation
The parameters of (1);
in order to relax the oscillation frequency of the laser,
relaxation oscillation damping rate for the laser;
relaxation oscillation frequency of laser
And relaxation oscillation damping rate
Stimulated emission rate with laser
Is shown in formula (2):
wherein
Wherein
And
respectively the photon attenuation rate due to output loss and intra-cavity loss,
is the transmission coefficient of the out-coupling lens,
which represents the linear loss in the cavity and,Lwhich represents the length of the resonant cavity,
represents the number of photons in the cavity,
represents the speed of light;
is the stimulated emission rate of the laser;
is the efficiency of the pump or pumps and,
represents the spontaneous emission rate of atoms from a high energy level to a low energy level;
controlling the stimulated emission rate of a laser by varying the optical length of a laser resonator within a certain range
As shown in equation (3):
whereinσ s In order to stimulate the emission cross section of the laser,nis the refractive index of the crystal and is,lin order to increase the doping length of the crystal,ρ=ρ c *c w for the density of doping atoms in the gain medium,ρ c an atomic density corresponding to a doping atomic concentration of 1.0at.%,c w is the doping concentration of the gain medium.
The simultaneous formulas (1) to (3) can obtain the variation condition of the intensity noise spectrum of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser along with the optical length of the laser resonant cavity, and the intensity noise of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser can be restrained by adjusting the optical length of the resonant cavity.
In the method for suppressing the intensity noise of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser, according to the formula (1) and the formula (2), the intensity noise at the relaxation oscillation frequency of the laser is further suppressed by inserting a nonlinear crystal into a cavity to introduce nonlinear loss.
In the method for inhibiting the intensity noise of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser, the stimulated radiation rate of the laser is changed by optimizing and selecting the material, the length and the doping concentration of a gain medium
。
Different from the prior art, the method for inhibiting the intensity noise of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser changes and inhibits the intensity noise spectrum of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser by adjusting the length of the laser resonant cavity of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser, inserting the nonlinear crystal into the cavity and introducing nonlinear loss and the material, length and doping concentration of the gain medium. According to the invention, mode locking, electro-optical feedback control, mode cleaner or cascade mode cleaning, self-injection locking and other methods are not needed, an external additional instrument is not needed, the cost is effectively reduced, and extra noise is not introduced into a laser system.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a graph of relative noise intensity as a function of stimulated emission rate of a laser in a method for suppressing intensity noise of a high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of selecting an optimal optical length of a resonant cavity in a method for suppressing intensity noise of a high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic optical path diagram of a high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser in the method for suppressing the intensity noise of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for inhibiting the intensity noise of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser comprises the following steps:
collecting intensity noise spectrum of high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser
Output coupled vacuum noise
Noise due to intra-cavity losses
Noise from pump source
Noise due to spontaneous emission
Noise caused by dipole fluctuation
The intensity noise spectrum of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser is expressed by the formula (1):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
respectively relating to outcoupled vacuum noise
Noise due to intra-cavity loss
Noise from pump source
Noise caused by spontaneous emission
And noise caused by dipole fluctuation
The parameters of (1);
in order to relax the oscillation frequency of the laser,
relaxation oscillation damping rate for the laser;
relaxation oscillation frequency of laser
And relaxation oscillation damping rate
Stimulated emission rate with laser
Is shown in formula (2):
wherein
Wherein
And
respectively the photon attenuation rate due to output loss and intra-cavity loss,
is the transmission coefficient of the out-coupling lens,
which represents the linear loss in the cavity and,
represents the number of photons in the cavity,
represents the speed of light;Gis the stimulated emission rate of the laser;
is the efficiency of the pump or pumps and,
represents the spontaneous emission rate of atoms from a high energy level to a low energy level;
controlling the stimulated emission rate of a laser by varying the optical length of a laser resonator within a certain range
As shown in equation (3):
whereinσ s In order to stimulate the emission cross section of the laser,nis the refractive index of the crystal and is,lin order to increase the doping length of the crystal,ρ=ρ c *c w for the density of doping atoms in the gain medium,ρ c the atomic density corresponding to a doping atom concentration of 1.0%,c w is the doping concentration of the gain medium.
The simultaneous formulas (1) to (3) can obtain the variation condition of the intensity noise spectrum of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser along with the optical length of the laser resonant cavity, and the intensity noise of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser can be restrained by adjusting the optical length of the resonant cavity.
к 1-к 5As shown in the following equation:
whereinγ t For upper level spontaneous emission rate, angular frequencyω=2πfIs the independent variable of the number of the variable,fto analyze the frequency.
When the stimulated radiation rate is changed by increasing the cavity length, the stimulated radiation rate is changed by increasing the cavity length
、
And
the lifetime of photons in the cavity can be obtained
Will also follow the cavity length of the resonant cavity
Is increased, i.e. the cavity length of the resonant cavity
The increase also results in a quality factor of the laser
The capability of filtering non-radiative transition and suppressing intensity noise of the optical cavity is enhanced, and the linewidth of the laser can be narrowed while the intensity noise of the laser is suppressed.
In the method for suppressing the intensity noise of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser, according to the formula (1) and the formula (2), the intensity noise at the relaxation oscillation frequency of the laser is further suppressed by inserting a nonlinear crystal into a cavity to introduce nonlinear loss.
The high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser comprises: a pump light coupling system consisting of a pump source 1 and focusing lenses 2 and 3, an input mirror concave-convex lens 4, a plano-convex lens 5, a plano-concave lens 6, an output mirror plano-concave lens 7, a bonding gain crystal 8, an imaging system consisting of focusing lenses 9, 10 and 11, an optical isolator consisting of a half-wave plate 12 and a magneto-optical crystal 13, a laser diode,
A crystal 14; an imaging system consisting of the focusing lenses 9, 10 and 11 controls the stable working range of the laser, and high-power laser output is realized while laser noise is reduced.
In the method for inhibiting the intensity noise of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser, the gain medium is selected by optimizationThe stimulated radiation rate of the laser is changed by the material, length and doping concentration
。
FIG. 1 is a graph of relative noise intensity as a function of stimulated emission rate of a laser, which is theoretically modeled based on actual parameters of the laser and in combination with equations (1) - (3). In fig. 1, as the stimulated emission rate of the laser decreases, the intensity noise of the relaxation oscillation frequency of the laser decreases, and the cut-off frequency of the intensity noise spectrum of the laser reaching the quantum noise frequency decreases. Fig. 2 is a graph of the cut-off frequency of the laser intensity noise spectrum to a shot noise reference versus the optical length of the cavity, as made in fig. 1, from which the corresponding optical length of the cavity can be obtained for which the noise suppression effect is significant.
This patent provides an embodiment of a continuous wave single frequency laser with a cavity length of 1050 mm. A schematic diagram of a designed laser and imaging system with L =1050mm is shown in fig. 3, and the length of the resonant cavity is selected to suppress the intensity noise of the laser mainly according to fig. 1.
The numbers marked in fig. 3 represent the following meanings, respectively: the device comprises a pumping light coupling system consisting of a pumping source 1, focusing lenses 2 and 3, an input mirror concave-convex mirror 4, a plano-convex mirror 5, a plano-concave mirror 6, an output mirror plano-concave mirror 7, a bonding gain crystal 8, an imaging system consisting of focusing lenses 9, 10 and 11, an optical isolator consisting of a half-wave plate 12 and a magneto-optical crystal 13, and a nonlinear crystal 14.
The laser resonant cavity is a bow-tie structure four-mirror annular cavity consisting of four mirrors of 4, 5, 6 and 7, wherein 4 and 5 are two concave-convex mirrors with the radius of curvature R =1500mm, and 6 and 7 are two concave-convex mirrors with the radius of curvature R =1500mm
The plano-concave lens of (1). 9. The lens systems denoted by 10, 11 are imaging systems in the present embodiment. Wherein, the main planes of the laser crystal and 9, 9 and 10, and 10 and 11 are respectively set to be 100mm, 100mm and 120mm, and the set value of the distance can be calculated according to ABCD matrix theory. 808nm high-transmittance film plated on input coupling mirror，
And a high-reflective film of 1064nm
. 5 and 6 are plated with high-reflection films with the thickness of 1064nm
. The output coupling mirror 7 is plated with a 1064nm transmittance of
And 532nm high-permeability membrane
. The pump source is a 808nm fiber coupled Laser Diode (LD). The diameter of the fiber core and the numerical aperture of the coupling fiber are respectively
And 0.22. The pump radiation was focused at 530mm and injected into the laser crystal. The laser crystal 8 is composed of a 5mm undoped end cap and 15mm or more
Nd doped composite
. The rear end of the laser crystal is cut into one
To ensure stable polarization of the laser. To eliminate the spatial hole burning effect and to achieve unidirectional propagation of the laser, we used an optical isolator consisting of an 8mm long Terbium Gallium Garnet (TGG) crystal 13 and a half-wave plate 12. In addition to the laser crystal, a class I-noncritical phase-matched lithium triborate (LBO) crystal
Of a size of
Inserted into the cavity to effectively suppress oscillations of the non-lasing mode. The centers of the laser crystal and the LBO crystal were placed at optical waists of 0.496mm and 0.070, respectively.
According to the change of the intensity noise spectrum of the laser caused by the change of the stimulated radiation rate caused by the length change of the resonant cavity, the optical length of the optimal resonant cavity when the noise suppression effect of the laser is obvious is obtained. The control of the working stable region of the laser is realized by adding a specific imaging system in the resonant cavity with the optimal resonant cavity optical length, the high-power low-noise laser output is realized, and the frequency of the relaxation oscillation position of the laser can be further reduced by introducing nonlinear loss in the resonant cavity. The invention can reduce the intensity noise of laser and narrow the line width of laser.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for suppressing intensity noise of a high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting intensity noise spectrum of high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser
Output coupled vacuum noise
Noise due to intra-cavity losses
Noise from pump source
Noise due to spontaneous emission
Noise caused by dipole fluctuation
The intensity noise spectrum of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser is expressed by the formula (1):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
respectively relating to outcoupled vacuum noise
Noise due to intra-cavity loss
Noise from pump source
Noise caused by spontaneous emission
And noise caused by dipole fluctuation
The parameters of (1);
in order to relax the oscillation frequency of the laser,
relaxation oscillation damping rate for the laser;
relaxation oscillation frequency of laser
And relaxation oscillation damping rate
Stimulated emission rate with laser
Is shown in formula (2):
wherein
Wherein
And
respectively the photon attenuation rate due to output loss and intra-cavity loss,
is the transmission coefficient of the out-coupling lens,
which represents the linear loss in the cavity and,Lwhich represents the length of the resonant cavity,
represents the number of photons in the cavity,
represents the speed of light;
is the stimulated emission rate of the laser;
is the efficiency of the pump or pumps and,
represents the spontaneous emission rate of atoms from a high energy level to a low energy level;
controlling the stimulated emission rate of a laser by varying the optical length of a laser resonator within a certain range
As shown in equation (3):
whereinσ s In order to stimulate the emission cross section of the laser,nis the refractive index of the crystal and is,lin order to increase the doping length of the crystal,ρ=ρ c *c w for the density of doping atoms in the gain medium,ρ c an atomic density corresponding to a doping atomic concentration of 1.0at.%,c w is the doping concentration of the gain medium;
the simultaneous formulas (1) to (3) can obtain the variation condition of the intensity noise spectrum of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser along with the optical length of the laser resonant cavity, and the intensity noise of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser can be restrained by adjusting the optical length of the resonant cavity.
2. The method for suppressing the intensity noise of the high power continuous wave single frequency laser according to claim 1, wherein the intensity noise at the relaxation oscillation frequency of the laser is further suppressed by introducing a nonlinear loss by inserting a nonlinear crystal in the cavity according to formula (1) and formula (2).
3. The method for suppressing the intensity noise of the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser according to claim 1, wherein the high-power continuous wave single-frequency laser comprises: a pump light coupling system consisting of a pump source (1), focusing lenses (2) and (3), an imaging system consisting of an input mirror concave-convex mirror (4), a planoconvex mirror (5), a planoconvex mirror (6), an output mirror planoconvex mirror (7), a bonding gain crystal (8), focusing lenses (9), (10) and (11), an optical isolator consisting of a half-wave plate (12) and a magneto-optical crystal (13), a laser diode,
A crystal (14); an imaging system consisting of focusing lenses (9), (10) and (11) is used for controlling the stable working range of the laser, so that the noise of the laser is reduced, and meanwhile, high-power laser output is realized.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the stimulated emission rate of the laser is changed by optimizing the material, length and doping concentration of the gain medium
。
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| CN112366506A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-02-12 | 山西大学 | Miniaturized low-noise all-solid-state single-frequency continuous wave laser |
| CN114526893A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-05-24 | 重庆邮电大学 | Method and device for measuring stimulated emission cross section of laser crystal |
| CN117154527A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-12-01 | 山西大学 | Dual-color associated light beam generation device and method based on dual-doped gain medium |
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