CN106338547A - Ultrasonic detection method of crack defect of pin workpiece - Google Patents
Ultrasonic detection method of crack defect of pin workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN106338547A CN106338547A CN201610806764.9A CN201610806764A CN106338547A CN 106338547 A CN106338547 A CN 106338547A CN 201610806764 A CN201610806764 A CN 201610806764A CN 106338547 A CN106338547 A CN 106338547A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/048—Marking the faulty objects
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic detection method of a crack defect of a pin workpiece. The ultrasonic detection method comprises the steps of manufacturing a material object sample piece, forming manual notch grooves near to-be-detected parts on the material object sample piece, arranging different probes at the different detection parts, adjusting angles of the probes according to the detection parts, corresponding the probes to the manual notch grooves one by one for practical calibration before detection, recording heights of reflected waveforms of the manual notch grooves and positions of the manual notch grooves reflected on an oscilloscope, allowing the corresponding probes to rotate around the center of the detected workpiece by more than one circle according to the different detection parts divided during detection implementation, displaying abnormal reflection and calibration reflection of the corresponding probes for comparison to determine whether the defect exists when the abnormal reflection is found, and replacing the probe to detect the next part after accomplishing the detection of one part till all the specified parts are detected. The method can distinguish the defect and the position of the defect conveniently and accurately.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic detection method, especially with regard to a kind of for lacking to minor diameter pin class workpiece crack
It is trapped into the pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method of row detection.
Background technology
Ultrasound examination is the presence using defect in homogeneous material, the material discontinuity causing, this discontinuity meeting
Produce certain interface in material internal, and ultrasonic wave can occur reflex in the interface of defect, crack defect ultrasonic
Ripple detection is exactly reflection, the height according to back wave and the position utilizing crackle interface thus judging the size of crackle and in workpiece
In position.
In normal ultrasound examination, should according to flaw echo on oscillograph position, analysis judge that this defect is
There is where going up on inside workpiece or surface, therefore the position according to back wave then can be determined that the position of defect in workpiece
Put.During ultrasound examination, defect interface back wave is shown on the oscillograph of ultrasonic examination instrument, and oscillograph can pass through thing
The linear ratio relation first setting, represents a certain size size, on its scale according to reflection sound wave on oscillograph
Position, then can calculate defect particular location within the workpiece, and the height of back wave then represents the equivalent of this defect
Size.
Due to connection pin class workpiece, great majority belong to flexibility type, when therefore adopting ultrasound examination, due to side wall
Effect and the impact of late ripple, abnormal reflection waveform is extremely complex, will distinguish which unusual waveforms belongs to defective waveform, and analyze
Judge this defect particular location within the workpiece, extremely difficult, this is also the maximum difficult point in ultrasound examination, comparatively,
Also more difficult than the detection of weld seam.But ultrasound examination has flexible, convenient, detection short time limit, can achieve and do not dismantle online inspection
The feature surveyed, in order to ensure the operation safety of equipment, for the interim needing in equipment operation, implements convenient, quick inspection
Survey, this respect ultrasound examination has the advantage that other loseless methods can not be substituted.
And the pin in important connection member, subject larger alternate load using process, such as in railway goods
Connecting pins in car, in the event of rupturing, then can cause huge economic loss or personal safety, therefore realize on-line checking
Necessary.
Content of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method, should
Method can facilitate, accurately distinguish defect and its position.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes a kind of technical scheme below: pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasound examination
Method is it is characterised in that this detection method comprises the following steps: step 1) make exemplar in kind；Step 2) on exemplar in kind
Near sites to be detected are provided with the artificial cutting for simulated defect position, and then obtain the sample in kind of known defect position
Part；Step 3) different detection positions is provided with different probes, and the difference according to detection position adjusts the angle of each probe；Step
Rapid 4), for the different test position of workpiece and diameter dimension, are respectively provided with the head angle matching with test position, and root
Make corresponding probe positions control device according to test position, control probe to point to by probe positions control device and mobile model
Enclose；Step 5) before detection, first probe positions control device is arranged on exemplar in kind, then by probe and its corresponding artificial
Cutting corresponds and carries out actual demarcation, records the height of artificial cutting reflection configuration and artificial cutting is reflected in and goes out on oscillograph
Existing position；Step 6) examinations when, according to the different detection positions dividing, using popping one's head in around detected workpiece accordingly
More than center rotating one circle；Step 7) note abnormalities reflection, then with corresponding probe, this abnormal reflection is demarcated reflective display
It is compared, determine whether defective presence；Step 8) complete the detection at a position, change probe and carries out next position
Detection, until detection completes the position of all regulations.
Described step 1) in, exemplar in kind is detected using ultrasonic wave in advance, reflection case should belong to normal range (NR).
Described step 2) in, according to detected workpiece stressing conditions in the structure, determine detection position, in each detection
The manufacturing artificial cutting nearby of the border at position.
Described artificial groove depth is 1mm.
Described probe positions control device includes matrix, and matrix adopts circular groove structure, this circular groove diameter of movement
It is in mate setting with measured workpiece diameter；Strip or oblong aperture be provided with matrix, probe by strip or oblong aperture with
Matrix is relatively fixed.
The minor axis of described strip or oblong aperture is identical with probe diameter or the length of side, and major diameter is more than probe diameter or the length of side.
Described step 6) in, after finding flaw echo during detection, probe positions and angle need to be adjusted it is ensured that center probe
With detected workpiece end face diameter on the same line, after finding the highest back wave of defect, it is compared, judges.
Described step 6) in, such as there are and the similar reflection of cutting artificial in prior detection process, and when position is consistent,
Then it is judged to that this position has crack defect；Conversely, no exceptions back wave is not then it is assumed that this position has defect on this position
Generation.
Due to taking above technical scheme, it has the advantage that the 1, present invention using identical with detection workpiece to the present invention
Material object exemplar as a comparison, its abnormal reflection situation is essentially identical.2nd, the present invention, on the premise of ensureing using safety, reduces
Detection range.3rd, the present invention, according to the artificial cutting of exemplar in kind, simulating crack defect, can primarily determine that abnormal anti-in advance
The position of ejected wave and reflection case.If 4 one workpiece have different several detection positions, different angles should be respectively adopted
Probe it is ensured that head angle and the best match needing detection position, such that it is able to realize optimal reflective display.5th, originally
Invention probe shift position sets according to detection position size, for the pin of small diameter, pop one's head in movement can with scope very little,
Based on the main probe with rotation, when detection starts, place probe on workpiece sensing surface, former for rotating with workpiece centre
Point, can facilitate and probe is implemented to control, especially in space other positions examinations.6th, the present invention, in detection, is
The more preferable position controlling probe, is provided with probe positions control device, for controlling the sensing to detection position for the ultrasonic wave
The stablizing of property, the size of this device can just be arranged in the detection faces of detected workpiece, and freely can turn around detection faces
Dynamic.On this control device, setting one strip or oblong aperture, by probe placement in this in the hole during use, then probe can along
Small range is realized on the diametric(al) of control device move.7th, the present invention in detection, fix, and is easy to for workpiece by waveform position
The unusual waveforms of detection position are identified.8th, it is ensured that the center of probe and the center of workpiece are same during present invention detection
On one line, it is to avoid reduce defect reflection energy, wave reflections also can be avoided abnormal simultaneously.9th, the present invention can be implemented to tiny pin
Online Ultrasonic Nondestructive implemented by class workpiece, and quick, facility is it is ensured that safety reduces the cost of overhaul simultaneously.10th, present invention probe
Movable scope is usually no more than 10mm, and moving range is less, and therefore probe only need to be with workpiece centre as round dot, in probe position
Put and control under the control enclosing device, can complete within one week to detect around the movement of workpiece sensing face.11st, the present invention is due to each test section
Using the probe of different angles, the normal display on oscillograph is also different for position, comparative relatively strong, reduces the difficulty that detection judges
Degree.
Brief description
Fig. 1 a is the probe positions control device structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 1 b is the sectional view of Fig. 1 a；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram arranging artificial cutting in the specific embodiment of the invention on style exemplar；
Fig. 3 is probe control device use state schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is to be used in the specific embodiment of the invention the first detection position is verified and detected view；
Fig. 5 is to be used in the specific embodiment of the invention the second detection position is verified and detected view.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention provides a kind of pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method, and the method is to exist for connection pin
Under inconvenient disassembly status, the ultrasound examination of enforcement.Due to connection with pin class workpiece in use, stress concentrates on both sides
Two positions (generally, connection pin mostly has this feature), stress is concentrated mainly on contact site, especially
When being that contact surface is less, occur the situation of surface crack defect more under alternate load effect, therefore fast online in order to realize
Speed detection, the present invention adopts the stressing conditions of prior result workpiece, analyzes clear and definite test position, reduces the detection model to workpiece
Enclose, when so can greatly reduce on-line checking, analysis judges the difficulty of unusual waveforms.The present invention comprises the following steps:
Step 1) make exemplar in kind.
Step 2) on exemplar in kind, near sites to be detected are provided with artificial cutting, for simulated defect position, and then
Obtain the exemplar in kind of known defect position.
Step 3) different detection positions is provided with different probes, and the difference according to detection position adjusts the angle of each probe
Degree.
Step 4) because pin class workpiece is used for the end face of detection, stock size all very littles, it is unfavorable for that probe moves and direction
Control, therefore for the different test position of workpiece and diameter dimension, be respectively provided with the head angle matching with test position,
And corresponding probe positions control device is made according to test position, probe positions control device is movably arranged on exemplar one in kind
End, controls probe to point to and moving range by probe positions control device, realizes the ultrasonic wave to some fixed position and visits
Triage is surveyed.Because head angle is different, the display on ultraoscilloscope is also different, is so directed to each detection position using not
Probe with angle, it is possible to achieve the contrast to each detection position unusual waveforms judges.
Step 5) detection before, first probe positions control device is arranged on exemplar in kind, then will pop one's head in and this probe institute
Corresponding artificial cutting corresponds and carries out actual demarcation, records the height of artificial cutting reflection configuration and artificial cutting is reflected in
The position occurring on oscillograph.
Step 6) examinations when, according to divide different detection positions, using match angle probe and its probe
Position control, probe is relatively fixed with probe positions control device, by probe positions control device in detected workpiece
Termination rotates a more than circle, observes simultaneously, distinguishes the generation of abnormal reflection.
Step 7) note abnormalities reflection, then and this abnormal reflection and corresponding probe are demarcated reflective display and be compared,
Determine whether defective presence: such as there are and the similar reflection of cutting artificial in prior detection process, and when position is consistent, then
It is judged to that this position has crack defect；Conversely, no exceptions back wave on this position, then it is considered that this position does not lack
Sunken generation.
Step 8) complete the detection at a position, change the detection that probe carries out next position, until detection completes institute
There is the position of regulation.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, exemplar in kind is detected using ultrasonic wave in advance, reflection case should belong to normal range (NR),
There is no the exemplar in kind that other defect exists, all kinds of back waves belong to the wall reflection of common side or late reflect and other
Clutter reflects.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in, according to detected workpiece stressing conditions in the structure, determine detection position, in each detection
Near the border at position, make the artificial cutting of 1mm depth, this cutting is used for verifying the detection sensitivity of ultrasonic wave, utilizes two
The reflection case of individual cutting and display location, the abnormal reflection ripple occurring between two cutting positions for contrast, thus sentence
Disconnected workpiece whether there is crack defect.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in, according in detection process, control direction to head angle, make probe positions and control dress
Put, such that it is able to the very stable sensing controlling probe it is possible in the case of ensureing that direction is constant, small range moves in front and back
Probe, realizes the dynamic analysis to detection position unusual waveforms.As shown in Figure 1 a, 1 b, probe positions control device includes base
Body, matrix adopts circular groove structure 21, and this circular groove structure 21 diameter is in mate setting with measured workpiece diameter；Positioned at base
Strip or oblong aperture 22 are provided with body, probe is relatively fixed with matrix by strip or oblong aperture 22.
In above-described embodiment, the minor axis of strip or oblong aperture 22 is identical with probe diameter or the length of side, and major diameter is slightly larger than probe
Diameter or the length of side 5～10mm about, probe positions control device center is pointed at the center in hole.
Above-mentioned steps 5) in, during implementing Ultrasonic Nondestructive, when in workpiece, defective locations judge, anti-with defect
Display numerical value on oscillograph for the ejected wave is defined, and draws through ultrasonic ranging ratiometric conversion.In the present embodiment, before detection
Know the easy happening part of defect it is therefore desirable to determine the defect reflection at this position present position on ultraoscilloscope.
Above-mentioned steps 6) in, during detection find flaw echo after, slightly need to adjust probe positions it is ensured that center probe with
Detected workpiece end face diameter on the same line, after finding the highest back wave of defect, is compared, judges.
In above steps, completely the detected workpiece of wave reflections contrast is made using exemplar in kind, due to its material and
Appearance and size is all identical, so not having the reflection configuration of rejected region essentially identical in everywhere.
In above steps, a kind of material object exemplar is only applicable to a kind of detection of detected workpiece, detects different workpiece,
Exemplar in kind need to be made respectively, and different according to different workpieces use condition and easily generation defect position is different, in corresponding positions
Put manufacturing artificial cutting.
Embodiment:
As shown in Fig. 2 making exemplar 1 in kind, exemplar 1 in kind is provided with the first detection position 15 and the second detection position
16, and it is provided with the first artificial cutting 11 and the second artificial cutting 12 near the first detection position 15, in the second detection position
16 are nearby provided with the 3rd artificial cutting 13 and the 4th artificial cutting 14.
As shown in Figure 1 a, 1 b, probe positions control device 2, the circular groove structure of probe positions control device 2 are made
21 diameter are matched with the detection tip diameter of detected workpiece, and arrange on the matrix of probe positions control device 2
Strip or oblong aperture 22.
As shown in figure 3, on detected workpiece sensing face daubing coupling agent, probe positions control device 2 is placed on reality
In the detection faces of thing exemplar 1, probe positions control device 2 can be freely rotatable around exemplar 1 in kind.
As shown in figure 4, a certain angle probe 3 of popping one's head in is placed on strip or the oblong aperture 22 of probe positions control device 2
Interior, suitably apply pressure, find out the highest back wave of artificial cutting 11 and 12 in exemplar 1 in kind respectively, record this cutting reflection
Position and reflection height and position, and using this state as to the first detection position 15 during actually detected, oscillograph
The contrast of reflective display.
As shown in figure 5, using same method, debugging out to oscillograph contrast during the second detection position 16 examinations
Display waveform state machine position.
When practical work piece is detected, the moment observes various difference reflective display states on supersonic detector oscillograph
And the change of position, when such as abnormal reflection occurring, then need slowly slight adjustment probe, the change of analysis and observation reflection configuration is special
Point, such as finds and the similar reflection of cutting artificial in prior detection process, and when position is consistent, is then judged to that this position exists and splits
Line defect.Avoid to other kinds abnormal reflection waveform it is difficult to analyze the difficult problem judging.
In sum, the present invention, due to clear and definite detection position, can keep away in order to exclude the interference of other position abnormal reflections
Exempt to judge by accident, targetedly carry out detecting, analyze, mitigate the labour intensity of flaw detection personnel, improve detection efficiency.And due to visiting
Brilliance degree is corresponded from different detection positions, and the regular reflection of equal angular probe is essentially identical, is easy to identification abnormal anti-
Penetrate, the problem of other reflection interference when abnormal reflection occurring during examinations, can be avoided, be conducive to unusual waveforms
Identification and judgement, improve the accuracy that ultrasound examination judges.Present invention achieves the main force part table to pin class workpiece
The detection of face crack defect, easy, quick, strong applicability it is achieved that the on-line checking of equipment, can be strong ensure that equipment makes
Safety.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, and the structure of each part, size, set location and shape are all permissible
It is varied from, on the basis of technical solution of the present invention, all improvement individual part being carried out according to the principle of the invention and waiting
With converting, all should not exclude outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method is it is characterised in that this detection method comprises the following steps:
Step 1) make exemplar in kind；
Step 2) on exemplar in kind, near sites to be detected are provided with the artificial cutting for simulated defect position, and then obtain
The exemplar in kind of known defect position；
Step 3) different detection positions is provided with different probes, and the difference according to detection position adjusts the angle of each probe；
Step 4) for the different test position of workpiece and diameter dimension, it is respectively provided with the probe angle matching with test position
Degree, and corresponding probe positions control device is made according to test position, control probe to point to by probe positions control device
And moving range；
Step 5) detection before, first probe positions control device is arranged on exemplar in kind, then by probe and its corresponding people
Work cutting corresponds and carries out actual demarcation, records the height of artificial cutting reflection configuration and artificial cutting is reflected on oscillograph
The position occurring；
Step 6) examinations when, according to the different detection positions dividing, using popping one's head in around detected workpiece centre accordingly
Rotate a more than circle；
Step 7) note abnormalities reflection, then and this abnormal reflection and corresponding probe are demarcated reflective display and be compared, judge
Whether defective presence；
Step 8) complete the detection at a position, change the detection that probe carries out next position, until detection completes all rule
Fixed position.
2. a kind of pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method as claimed in claim 1 it is characterised in that: described step
1) in, exemplar in kind is detected using ultrasonic wave in advance, reflection case should belong to normal range (NR).
3. a kind of pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method as claimed in claim 1 it is characterised in that: described step
2) in, according to detected workpiece stressing conditions in the structure, determine detection position, make near the border of each detection position
Make artificial cutting.
4. a kind of pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method as claimed in claim 3 it is characterised in that: described artificial
Groove depth is 1mm.
5. a kind of pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method as claimed in claim 1 it is characterised in that: described probe
Position control includes matrix, and matrix adopts circular groove structure, and this circular groove diameter of movement and measured workpiece diameter are in
Coupling setting；Strip or oblong aperture are provided with matrix, probe is relatively fixed with matrix by strip or oblong aperture.
6. a kind of pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method as claimed in claim 5 it is characterised in that: described strip
Or the minor axis of oblong aperture is identical with probe diameter or the length of side, major diameter is more than probe diameter or the length of side.
7. a kind of pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method as claimed in claim 1 it is characterised in that: described step
6), in, after finding flaw echo during detection, probe positions and angle need to be adjusted it is ensured that center probe and detected workpiece end face
Diameter on the same line, after finding the highest back wave of defect, is compared, judges.
8. a kind of pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method as described in claim 1 or 7 it is characterised in that: described
Step 6) in, such as there are and the similar reflection of cutting artificial in prior detection process, and when position is consistent, be then judged to this portion
There is crack defect in position；Conversely, no exceptions back wave is not then it is assumed that this position has defective generation on this position.
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| CN201610806764.9A CN106338547B (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2016-09-07 | A kind of pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method |
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| CN201610806764.9A CN106338547B (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2016-09-07 | A kind of pin class workpiece crack defect ultrasonic detection method |
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| CN106338547B (en) | 2019-03-26 |
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Effective date of registration: 20190529 Address after: 161002 Qigihar City, Heilongjiang province Tiefeng District Plant Road No. 36 Patentee after: CRRC QIQIHAR VEHICLE CO., LTD. Address before: 100072 No. 1 Zhangguozhuangjia, Fengtai District, Beijing Patentee before: Beijing Zhongche 27 Vehicles Co. Ltd. |