CN101745845B - Measuring method of outer contour shape of metal part and detecting method of processing precision - Google Patents
Measuring method of outer contour shape of metal part and detecting method of processing precision Download PDFInfo
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- CN101745845B CN101745845B CN2009103109984A CN200910310998A CN101745845B CN 101745845 B CN101745845 B CN 101745845B CN 2009103109984 A CN2009103109984 A CN 2009103109984A CN 200910310998 A CN200910310998 A CN 200910310998A CN 101745845 B CN101745845 B CN 101745845B
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Abstract
The invention provides a measuring method of outer contour shape of a metal part and a detecting method of processing precision, and relate to a precision detecting method of a metal part with contour features of a free-form surface. The method solves the problem of low measuring precision caused by limitations of the outer contour shape of the part and radiation of the part material of the existing measuring method of the outer contour size of the part. The measuring method comprises the following steps: enabling the distance between a metal part to be measured and a measuring probe to be more than 10mu m; adding 5V direct current voltage between the measuring probe and the metal part; selecting a plurality of measuring points on the surface to be measured; and obtaining the coordinate parameters of each measuring point. The detecting method of processing precision comprises the following steps: modeling the normal data of the part by a three-dimensional modeling software, analyzing the model of the normal data and obtaining detecting data by the measuring method; and analyzing the error of two kinds of data and obtaining the detecting result of the part. The invention is applied to the precision detecting method of the part with contour features of the free-form surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method of outer contour shape of metal part and the detection method of machining accuracy, be specifically related to have the accuracy checking method of the metal parts of free form surface contour feature.
Background technology
General in the quality testing of part, need check at first whether its outer profile size adheres to specification; If exceed the design tolerance scope, promptly belong to defective work.If it is detect part, more strict to the required precision of its outer profile size as the examination criteria of other part or when being used to process other part; Be processed as example with spark-erosion sinking, the precision quality of shaped electrode directly influences the precision of processing parts, does not meet designing requirement if detect part, certainly will cause corresponding processing parts or workpiece single-piece to be detected or occur overproof in batch.Therefore, the type part precision is detected, have crucial meaning.
The method of traditional detection element precision has at present: slide measure and miking method, model mensuration, noncontact measuring method, traditional contact measuring method etc.
Slide measure and miking method have obtained using widely as the testing tool of general part; But the accuracy of detection of these instruments, the one, receive the restriction of the accuracy of detection of instrument own; The 2nd, receive operating personnel's subjective factor influence; The 3rd, for complicated shape object or inconvenient inspected object, specifically refer to have the objects such as object or semiclosed groove of non-rule feature, also be difficult to detect.The model detection method: this mensuration is a kind of the most classical accuracy checking method, particularly to the complex object with non-rule feature.It is the model that the characteristic parameter manufacturing when utilizing design has the respective detection characteristic, judges the form error of part through the light transmission capacity between relevant position observation model and measured section; This method is simple, and is directly perceived, is contact measuring means comparatively commonly used in the commercial production now.Owing to need judge light transmission capacity by human eye during its check, so operating personnel's subjective factor influences accuracy of detection to a great extent.When the shape of part is comparatively complicated, when on different cross sections, having different appearance profiles; Need to make a large amount of section template, cost is very high.Tradition contact type measurement method: this mensuration mainly is that the surface of the work data are caught in touch trigger probe (gauge head that various different-diameters and the shape are arranged) pointwise that utilizes three coordinate measuring machine.This is to use one of the widest free form surface threedimensional model digitizing solution at present.The measuring principle of this method can be described below: behind the touch trigger probe contact detection piece surface, make the telemetry circuit break-make thereby under the effect of contact force, produce distortion, and then send sound and light signal and come the designation data collecting work.Many for not having complex internal die cavity, characteristic geometric dimension, have only the part of few characteristic features, this measuring method is very effective.Its shortcoming mainly shows: this kind principle makes that the internal structure of gauge head is complicated, and manufacture difficulty is big, and cost is high; Because this method is a contact type measurement; Be easy to the damage probe and scratch the tested part surface, can not measure soft material and ultra-thin shape part, also influenced to trickle part certainty of measurement; Range of application is restricted, owing to there is three-dimensional compensation problem in the radius of gauge head; Price is higher, and environment for use is had certain requirement; Measuring speed is slow, and efficient is low.And, adopt the trigger-type measuring method unsatisfactory, even, can't measure at all because gauge head is excessive or probe is too short to dark narrow groove class part.Non-contact type measuring method, this mensuration are to be divided into optical measurement according to the difference that adopts sensor, and this method can further be divided into laser triangulation, scanning survey, vision measurement, laser focusing measurement and ultrasonic measurement etc.Presentation mode according to light beam in the optical measuring method can be divided into passive measurement again and initiatively measure two kinds of methods.Wherein, the passive measurement method, said this mensuration is not launched controlled light beam to testee, and the stereo vision method in this mensuration is more promising; The active mensuration, this mensuration is launched controlled light beam to testee, and the active trigonometry Recent study in this mensuration is more, is to develop comparatively ripe a kind of method.No matter passive measurement method is the active mensuration still, all has noncontact, the fast advantage of measuring speed.But measuring object with optical measuring method, be not the geometry of measuring object itself, but the optics contrast structure of the object picture that arrives " is seen " by institute, and except the dimensional characteristic of object, the radiation characteristic of object also has considerable influence to measurement result.Series of factors is arranged, like lighting condition, surface state reflection case, shade, be in the light, to spectral line attraction situation etc., all can introduce additive error, so certainty of measurement and contact type measurement method are relatively, its precision is lower; In addition, unsatisfactory even can't measure for the measurement of the semiclosed curved surface of part and in-profile.
Summary of the invention
The low problem of certainty of measurement that the present invention is directed to the restriction of the radiativity that receives part outer contour shape and part material that the measuring method of existing part outer profile size exists and cause, the present invention provides a kind of measuring method of outer contour shape of metal part and the detection method of machining accuracy.
The measuring method of a kind of outer contour shape of metal part of the present invention is:
Step 1: metal parts to be measured is installed on the numerical control axle of Digit Control Machine Tool, and makes the end-to-end distance of the front end chaining pin of gauge head leave the surperficial distance of metal parts to be measured greater than 10 μ m;
Step 2: between gauge head and metal parts, apply the 5V DC voltage;
Step 3: on the surface to be measured of metal parts, select a plurality of measurement points;
Step 4: obtain the coordinate parameters of each measurement point one by one, accomplish the measurement of metal parts appearance and size parameter, the procurement process of the coordinate parameters of each measurement point is:
Step 4 one: gauge head is moved on the normal, and said normal is face and the normal that pass said tested point in tested point place;
Step 4 two: gauge head is at the uniform velocity moved, the voltage signal in moving process between monitoring gauge head and the metal parts along said normal to tested point;
Step 4 three: when said voltage signal generation saltus step, the location coordinate information of record gauge head this moment is as the location coordinate information of this measurement point, and stops to move of gauge head immediately, rapidly gauge head retracted along the normal direction of this measurement point place face then;
The end diameter of the front end chaining pin of said gauge head is 0.5mm, and the middle part of gauge head is an elongated metallic rod, and the length of said Metallic rod is 15mm, and the rear end is expanded into the cylinder that diameter is 4mm through the conical surface, and the front end of gauge head adopts the screw thread of M3 to be fixedly connected with chaining pin.
Voltage signal generation saltus step described in the step 4 three is meant that the situation of unexpected variation takes place the amplitude of voltage signal.Its principle is: when between the surface of metal parts to be measured and the gauge head during little contact, form little resistance between metal parts surface and the gauge head, form path between the two; At this moment, the position coordinates of gauge head is extracted in the voltage generation saltus step between metal parts to be measured and the gauge head, can accurately obtain the location coordinate information of the measurement point on the corresponding metal parts to be measured surface of gauge head.
When applying 5V voltage between gauge head and the metal parts, when gauge head produces little the contact with the metal parts surface, form little resistance between metal parts to be measured surface and the gauge head; The surface of said metal parts and the voltage jump between gauge head, said voltage jumped between the 2V-3.5V from 5V moment.
The present invention adopts Digit Control Machine Tool as test platform, and gauge head adopts elongated chaining pin or forniciform chaining pin as gauge head, can realize any one surface of complex parts is measured, and does not receive the restriction of part shape.
The present invention adopts voltage signal between part and the gage outfit as basis for estimation, does not receive the influence of surface quality of workpieces and color and luster, and can realize the purpose accurately measured.
A kind of detection method of machining accuracy of metal parts, its concrete steps are:
Steps A: adopt 3 d modeling software to carry out solid modelling the normal data of metal parts appearance and size, obtain the model of normal data;
Step B: the model of the normal data that obtains according to steps A, set up detection coordinates system;
Step C: in the detection coordinates system that sets up, normal data is carried out path planning, obtain the information of path planning;
Step D: the information of the path planning that obtains according to step C, adopt the measuring method of a kind of outer contour shape of metal part of the present invention, obtain the detection data of metal parts appearance and size to be measured;
Step e: the detection data of step D acquisition and the normal data of steps A acquisition are compared, obtain to detect the error of data and normal data;
Step F: the error information to step e obtains is analyzed, and obtains the machining accuracy result of metal parts to be measured.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: adopt the measuring method of a kind of outer contour shape of metal part of the present invention, certainty of measurement is high, and the radiativity of said part material can the impact prediction precision yet simultaneously; Machining accuracy detection method of the present invention can realize the size of unknown part is carried out accuracy detection; Also can detect simultaneously known part precision; When known part is carried out the detection of machining accuracy; Obtain the path planning information of the appearance and size data of known part, carry out data extract, then measurement data and normal data are accurately contrasted from the certain rule of adopting of contour surface foundation of metal parts; Obtain the error result of each point one by one, finally obtain the metal parts precision; Adopt method of the present invention, overcome the defective of various detection methods in the past, well remedied the deficiency of other detection method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the measuring method of the specific embodiment one described a kind of outer contour shape of metal part of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the flow chart of detection method of the machining accuracy of a kind of metal parts of the present invention; Fig. 3 is in the specific embodiment one of the present invention, obtains the track sketch map of gauge head in the process of coordinate parameters of each measurement point in the step 4.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: the measuring method of the described a kind of outer contour shape of metal part of this embodiment, its concrete steps are:
Step 1: metal parts to be measured is installed on the numerical control axle of Digit Control Machine Tool, and makes the end-to-end distance of gauge head 2 leave the surperficial distance of metal parts to be measured greater than 10 μ m;
Step 2: between gauge head 2 and metal parts, apply the 5V DC voltage;
Step 3: on the surface to be measured of metal parts, select a plurality of measurement points;
Step 4: obtain the coordinate parameters of each measurement point one by one, accomplish the measurement of metal parts appearance and size parameter, the procurement process of the coordinate parameters of each measurement point is:
Step 4 one: gauge head 2 is moved on the normal, and said normal is face and the normal that pass said tested point in tested point place;
Step 4 two: gauge head 2 is at the uniform velocity moved, the voltage signal in moving process between monitoring gauge head 2 and the metal parts along said normal to tested point;
Step 4 three: when said voltage signal generation saltus step, the location coordinate information of record gauge head 2 this moment is as the location coordinate information of this measurement point, and stops to move of gauge head 2 immediately, rapidly gauge head 2 retracted along the normal direction of this measurement point place face then;
The front end chaining pin diameter of said gauge head 2 is 0.5mm, and the middle part of gauge head 2 is an elongated metallic rod, and the length of said Metallic rod is 15mm, and the rear end is expanded into the cylinder that diameter is 4mm through the conical surface, and the end of gauge head 2 adopts the screw thread of M3 to be fixedly connected with chaining pin.
The described gauge head 2 of this embodiment can adopt forniciform chaining pin.
Illustrate this embodiment below in conjunction with Fig. 4 and comprise the described process of obtaining the coordinate parameters of each measurement point one by one of step 4:
3 points on a certain cross section 3 of part to be measured, being respectively C point, E point and G point is tested point, straight line 11,12 and 13 is respectively three normals that pass the piece surface to be measured that C point, E point and G order; Straight line 4 is the measuring basis line of gauge head 2; In measuring the process that C point, E point and G order, gauge head from an A begin along straight line 4 to part to be measured get surperficial near, when moving to the intersection points B of straight line 11 and said straight line 4; Change course; Along straight line 11 to tested point C point near, the voltage signal in moving process between monitoring gauge head 2 parts to be measured, when said voltage signal generation saltus step; The location coordinate information that the location coordinate information of record gauge head 2 this moment is ordered as tested point C; And stop gauge head 2 immediately and move, rapidly gauge head 2 is moved back to a B along former road then, continue control gauge head 2 along straight line 4 to zero point to be measured the surface near up to the intersection point D point of straight line 4 with straight line 12; Then gauge head 2 is at the uniform velocity moved to the E point along straight line 12; Voltage signal in moving process between monitoring gauge head 2 parts to be measured; When said voltage signal generation saltus step; The location coordinate information that the location coordinate information of record gauge head 2 this moment is ordered as this measurement point E, and stop to move of gauge head 2 immediately, rapidly gauge head 2 is retracted the D point along former road then; Control gauge head 2 along straight line 4 continue to piece surface near, up to the intersection point F point of straight line 4 with straight line 13; Then gauge head 2 is at the uniform velocity moved to the G point along said straight line 13 directions; Voltage signal in moving process between monitoring gauge head 2 and part to be measured, when said voltage signal generation saltus step, the location coordinate information that the location coordinate information of record gauge head 2 this moment is ordered as this measurement point G.
The specific embodiment two: the detection method of the machining accuracy of the described a kind of metal parts of this embodiment, its concrete steps are:
Steps A: adopt 3 d modeling software to carry out solid modelling the normal data of metal parts appearance and size, obtain the model of normal data;
Step B: the model of the normal data that obtains according to steps A, set up detection coordinates system;
Step C: in the detection coordinates system that sets up, normal data is carried out path planning, obtain the information of path planning;
Step D: the information of the path planning that obtains according to step C, adopt the measuring method of a kind of outer contour shape of metal part of the present invention, obtain the detection data of metal parts appearance and size to be measured;
Step e: the detection data of step D acquisition and the normal data of steps A acquisition are compared, obtain to detect the error of data and normal data;
Step F: the error information to step e obtains is analyzed, and obtains the machining accuracy result of metal parts to be measured.
The process of the path planning information of the described detection data of this embodiment is:
With the G code of the data transaction of extracting in the detection coordinates system for the numerical control device of control checkout equipment kinematic axis; The gauge head 2 of numerical control device is moved to successively the tested point place of part to be measured; The gauge head of said Digit Control Machine Tool 2 is the information of path planning through the information of the path locus that the path obtained of tested points, and said path planning information is the routing information of the format of G code.
The method of the error of described definite detection data of step e and normal data is to adopt error analysis software to realize the method for the error of detection data and normal data in this embodiment.
The method of the error of described definite detection data of step e and normal data is in this embodiment, will detect the data importing 3 d modeling software, under the detection coordinates system that step B sets up, sets up the model that detects data; The model of the detection data that obtain and the model of normal data are compared, obtain the method for the error of normal data and detection data.
The scope of the described error of this embodiment is confirmed to illustrate below according to making corresponding change to the different detection part:
Example 1: the nominal dimension of certain feature request of design elements is 10mm, and error range is between-0.1mm--+0.1mm; When the data that record in the 9.9mm--10.1mm scope, think that then this part is qualified; When the data that record at 9.8mm---10.2mm, then think overproof.
Example 2: the nominal dimension of certain feature request of design elements is 10mm, and error range is between-0.5mm--+0.5mm; When the data that record in the 9.5mm--10.5mm scope, it is qualified then to think, when the data that record between 9.8mm--10.2mm, think that then this part is qualified.
The described error amount of this embodiment requires to have different error range value according to different part processing; Error range to the common parts processing request is bigger; Error range to the precision component processing request is less; Judging that whether qualified part is, is to confirm to the error of part to be detected, in the scope that error allows, confirms the qualification of part to be detected.
The described method that error information is analyzed of step F is through adopting graphic file to compare the method for analysis in this embodiment.
The described method that error information is analyzed of step F is through data being formed the method that report file is analyzed in this embodiment.
The 3 d modeling software that steps A adopted in this embodiment is SolidWorks, UG or ProE.
The specific embodiment three: this embodiment is with the difference of the detection method of the machining accuracy of described a kind of metal parts of embodiment two; The normal data of the appearance and size of said metal parts to be measured is unknown; At first adopt the data of spare part outside measurement that appearance profile to qualified metal parts detects acquisition as normal data; And then metal parts to be detected detected, its concrete steps are:
Before execution in step A, adopt the measuring method of the specific embodiment one described a kind of outer contour shape of metal part, the appearance profile of a qualified metal parts is measured, obtain the normal data of said metal parts; Begin execution in step A then, metal parts to be measured is detected.
Claims (8)
1. the measuring method of an outer contour shape of metal part is characterized in that, its concrete steps are:
Step 1: metal parts to be measured is installed on the numerical control axle of Digit Control Machine Tool, and makes the end-to-end distance of the front end chaining pin of gauge head (2) leave the surperficial distance of metal parts to be measured greater than 10 μ m;
Step 2: between gauge head (2) and metal parts, apply the 5V DC voltage;
Step 3: on the surface to be measured of metal parts, select a plurality of measurement points;
Step 4: obtain the coordinate parameters of each measurement point one by one, accomplish the measurement of metal parts appearance and size parameter, the procurement process of the coordinate parameters of each measurement point is:
Step 4 one: gauge head (2) is moved on the normal, and said normal is face and the normal that pass said tested point in tested point place;
Step 4 two: gauge head (2) is at the uniform velocity moved to tested point along said normal, in moving process, monitor the voltage signal between gauge head (2) and the metal parts;
Step 4 three: when said voltage signal generation saltus step; The location coordinate information of record gauge head this moment (2) is as the location coordinate information of this measurement point; And stop to move of gauge head (2) immediately, rapidly gauge head (2) is retracted along the normal direction of this measurement point place face then;
The end diameter of the front end chaining pin of said gauge head (2) is 0.5mm; The middle part of gauge head (2) is an elongated metallic rod; The length of said Metallic rod is 15mm, and the rear end is expanded into the cylinder that diameter is 4mm through the conical surface, and the front end of gauge head (2) adopts the screw thread of M3 to be fixedly connected with chaining pin.
2. the detection method of the machining accuracy of a metal parts, its concrete steps are:
Steps A: adopt 3 d modeling software to carry out solid modelling the normal data of metal parts appearance and size, obtain the model of normal data;
Step B: the model of the normal data that obtains according to steps A, set up detection coordinates system;
Step C: in the detection coordinates system that sets up, normal data is carried out path planning, obtain the information of path planning;
Step D: the information of the path planning that obtains according to step C, adopt a kind of measuring method of outer contour shape of metal part, obtain the detection data of metal parts appearance and size, detailed process is:
Step 1: metal parts to be measured is installed on the numerical control axle of Digit Control Machine Tool, and makes the end-to-end distance of the front end chaining pin of gauge head (2) leave the surperficial distance of metal parts to be measured greater than 10 μ m;
Step 2: between gauge head (2) and metal parts, apply the 5V DC voltage;
Step 3: on the surface to be measured of metal parts, select a plurality of measurement points;
Step 4: obtain the coordinate parameters of each measurement point one by one, accomplish the measurement of metal parts appearance and size parameter, the procurement process of the coordinate parameters of each measurement point is:
Step 4 one: gauge head (2) is moved on the normal, and said normal is face and the normal that pass said tested point in tested point place;
Step 4 two: gauge head (2) is at the uniform velocity moved to tested point along said normal, in moving process, monitor the voltage signal between gauge head (2) and the metal parts;
Step 4 three: when said voltage signal generation saltus step; The location coordinate information of record gauge head this moment (2) is as the location coordinate information of this measurement point; And stop to move of gauge head (2) immediately, rapidly gauge head (2) is retracted along the normal direction of this measurement point place face then;
The end diameter of the front end chaining pin of said gauge head (2) is 0.5mm; The middle part of gauge head (2) is an elongated metallic rod; The length of said Metallic rod is 15mm, and the rear end is expanded into the cylinder that diameter is 4mm through the conical surface, and the front end of gauge head (2) adopts the screw thread of M3 to be fixedly connected with chaining pin;
Step e: the detection data of step D acquisition and the normal data of steps A acquisition are compared, obtain to detect the error of data and normal data;
Step F: the error information to step e obtains is analyzed, and obtains the machining accuracy result of metal parts to be measured.
3. the detection method of the machining accuracy of a kind of metal parts according to claim 2; It is characterized in that the method for the error of described definite detection data of step e and normal data is to adopt error analysis software to realize the method for the error of detection data and normal data.
4. the detection method of the machining accuracy of a kind of metal parts according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; The method of the error of described definite detection data of step e and normal data is; To detect the data importing 3 d modeling software, under the detection coordinates system that step B sets up, set up the model that detects data; The model of the detection data that obtain and the model of normal data are compared, obtain the method for the error of normal data and detection data.
5. the detection method of the machining accuracy of a kind of metal parts according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the described method that error information is analyzed of step F is through adopting graphic file to compare the method for analysis.
6. the detection method of the machining accuracy of a kind of metal parts according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the described method that error information is analyzed of step F is through data being formed the method that report file is analyzed.
7. the detection method of the machining accuracy of a kind of metal parts according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the 3 d modeling software that is adopted is SolidWorks, UG or ProE.
8. the detection method of the machining accuracy of a kind of metal parts according to claim 2; It is characterized in that normal data the unknown of the appearance and size of said metal parts to be measured; At first adopt the data of spare part outside measurement that appearance profile to qualified metal parts detects acquisition as normal data; And then metal parts to be detected detected, its concrete steps are:
Before execution in step A, adopt the measuring method of the described a kind of outer contour shape of metal part of claim 1, the appearance profile of a qualified metal parts is measured, obtain the normal data of said metal parts to be measured; Begin execution in step A then, metal parts to be measured is detected.
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| CN102275093B (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-03-13 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Workpiece measuring system based on five-axis numerical control system |
| CN102706307A (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-10-03 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Method for detecting actual scribed line of molded mould |
| CN102785129B (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2016-08-03 | 广东工业大学 | The online test method of the surface machining accuracy of complex parts |
| CN102873587B (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2015-10-28 | 湖北三江航天险峰电子信息有限公司 | A kind of sectional dimension measuring method of revolving parts |
| CN103049596B (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2015-10-28 | 四川达宇特种车辆制造厂 | A kind of method improving Impeller Parts reverse-engineering precision |
| CN103264318B (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2015-11-18 | 湖北三江航天险峰电子信息有限公司 | A kind of online test method of three-dimensional profile |
| CN104197823B (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-08-31 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | The measuring method of radio frequency quadrupole field plate cartridge three-dimensional space curved surface |
| CN107876969B (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-07-23 | 江门市蓬江区珠西智谷智能装备协同创新研究院 | A kind of detection method of three-dimensional laser laser effect |
| CN111928796B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-01 | 山东海德智汇智能装备有限公司 | Part high-precision identification and detection system based on 3D scanning and laser manufacturing |
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