CN106337713A - 一种双流体还原剂喷射器 - Google Patents

一种双流体还原剂喷射器 Download PDF

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CN106337713A
CN106337713A CN201611089644.8A CN201611089644A CN106337713A CN 106337713 A CN106337713 A CN 106337713A CN 201611089644 A CN201611089644 A CN 201611089644A CN 106337713 A CN106337713 A CN 106337713A
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reducing agent
gas
base
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mozzle
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高世亮
赵栋
刘超
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Yantai Yingde Pml Precision Mechanism Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/2073Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14Nitrogen oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种双流体还原剂喷射器,包括底座、还原剂导流管和气体导流管,所述底座上设有固定孔,其特征在于,所述气体导流管竖直插入底座内与横向设置的气液导向空间相连通,所述还原剂导流管竖直插入底座内穿过气液导向空间后与还原剂引流通道相连通,所述还原剂引流通道的下端锥形收缩后与位于底座上的喷嘴相连通,所述还原剂导流管的两侧对称设置有与气液导向空间相连通的气体引流通道,所述气体引流通道的下端锥形收缩后与喷嘴、底座之间形成的以喷嘴为中心的环形喷腔相连通。本发明的有益效果是:该喷射器安装后主体未处于排气管中的高温气流内,喷嘴工作环境较低,喷嘴不易结晶。

Description

一种双流体还原剂喷射器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种还原剂喷射器,尤其涉及一种双流体还原剂喷射器,属于柴油汽车尾气后处理技术领域。
背景技术
柴油机尾气中主要的污染物是NOx,为使得柴油机汽车达到国家排放法规要求,我国的主要技术路线就是选择性催化还原(SCR),在SCR后处理系统中用尿素溶液作为还原剂来去除柴油机尾气中的氮氧化物,从而达到国家的相应排放法规的要求。该系统的工作原理是:尾气进入排气管,在排气管上安装有尿素喷嘴,喷入车用尿素溶液,尿素在高温下发生水解和热解反应后生成氨,经过催化器内部,氨和氮氧化物发生还原反应,生成氮气和水,从而达到净化尾气的作用。
公知的是,还原剂喷射装置是SCR后处理系统的核心部件,其喷雾效果的控制,尿素溶液的喷射精度和雾化效果是保障催化剂转换效率的关键,而在现有技术中,是利用压缩空气与尿素溶液在尿素计量泵内进行混合雾化,由于排气管温度过高,会使得尿素溶液产生的气液混合物在高温下极易挥发或结晶,造成堵塞喷嘴,同时也会影响尿素溶液的浓度从而造成尿素溶液的喷射雾化的效果和喷射精度降低,在高温情况下与尿素泵配合使用的尿素喷嘴也极易结晶。
当前大部分车用还原剂喷射装置(也叫尿素喷嘴)通常采用单通道气液混合喷射雾化,即通过尿素计量泵高压直接将尿素溶液和压缩气体混合后通过尿素喷嘴喷射到排气管里,尿素溶液在喷嘴中呈气液混合状态,雾化效果较差,同时因为其工作环境温度较高通常可达到400-500℃,尿素喷嘴易结晶,造成整车后处理系统故障。
发明内容
本发明针对现有尿素喷射器结构上存在的不足,提供一种双流体还原剂喷射器。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
一种双流体还原剂喷射器,包括底座、还原剂导流管和气体导流管,所述底座上设有固定孔,其特征在于,所述气体导流管竖直插入底座内与横向设置的气液导向空间相连通,所述还原剂导流管竖直插入底座内穿过气液导向空间后与还原剂引流通道相连通,所述还原剂引流通道的下端锥形收缩后与位于底座上的喷嘴相连通,所述还原剂导流管的前后两侧对称设置有与气液导向空间相连通的气体引流通道,所述气体引流通道的下端锥形收缩后与喷嘴、底座之间形成的以喷嘴为中心的环形喷腔相连通。
本发明的有益效果是:
1)喷嘴喷射口结构的管路直径变化过程中采用锥形过渡,减少了气体动能的损失,喷嘴的出气口成均匀圆环状包裹液柱,出气口气体流向一致,液体轴向全方位接触高压气体产生雾化,其雾化区域下游截面上粒子直径呈现轴对称的分布规律,并且粒子直径分布比较均匀,在实际使用中喷嘴的气相流量随着喷嘴液体压力变化而不断的变化,增加气液两相得相对速度差以增大气动力,使液滴在较大气动力的作用下,破碎得更细,保证了针对不同的喷射流量都能得到理想的雾化效果;
2)喷嘴主体部件中存在导通空间,在导通空间中气体和液体通路为一体式结构,能够有效利用气体的流动降低喷嘴温度,降低高温对此装置的影响,该喷射器安装后主体未处于排气管中的高温气流内,喷嘴工作环境较低,喷嘴不易结晶。
3)还原剂在喷嘴内部处于单独通路,只在喷嘴口端面汇聚雾化,能够有效降低尿素溶液因温度过高结晶堵塞;
4)喷嘴安装在排气管中后,喷雾的方向相对尾气方向呈一定角度倾斜,使得还原剂尿素能够与尾气进行更充分的接触,催化还原效果更好,与传统单通道的尿素喷嘴相比较,于相同条件下氮氧化物的转化率提高10%以上,尾气净化的效果提升明显;
5)产品采用高温钎焊工艺制作,其结构组件简单,易于生产和广泛使用。
本发明喷射器的工作原理如下:
当尿素溶液经过喷嘴喷出时,流经喷嘴孔边际时展开成液体层,然后变成液滴,尿素溶液借助空气流体同轴方向的高速射流,加强了尿素溶液出口周围气流的流动,压缩空气与低速液体的液柱,相互接触产生振动、摩擦使液体破碎为细小液滴,即空气对液体的摩擦作用力大于液体的内力使液体破碎流股或液膜。在液体表面张力、粘性及空气阻力相互作用下,液体由滴落、平滑流、波状流向喷雾流逐渐转变,最终形成锥状雾化面与尾气混合进而参与后处理系统的化学反应。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,所述还原剂导流管和气体导流管的上端分别通过快插接头、快拧接头与尿素泵连接。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是,方便的与尿素计量泵的尿素喷射口和空气出口相连接。
进一步,所述底座呈三角状,底座的三个顶点处均设有固定孔。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是,
进一步,所述还原剂导流管的前后两侧对称设置有两组气体引流通道。
进一步,所述喷射器整体由不锈钢材料制成。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是,制造成本低,无复杂机加工组件,易于实现。
进一步,所述喷射器整体由钎焊工艺制成。
附图说明
图1为本发明喷射器的立体结构示意图;
图2为本发明喷射器的侧视图;
图3为本发明喷射器的A-A向剖视图;
图4为B部分结构放大图;
图5为本发明喷射器在排气管中安装位置示意图;
图1~4中,1、底座;2、还原剂导流管;3、气体导流管;4、固定孔;5、气液导向空间;6、还原剂引流通道;7、喷嘴;8、气体引流通道;9、环形喷腔;10、快插接头;11、快拧接头
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
如图1~4所示,一种双流体还原剂喷射器,包括底座1、还原剂导流管2和气体导流管3,底座呈三角状,底座的三个顶点处均设有固定孔4,喷射器通过3个螺栓与排气筒的固定座相连,气体导流管竖直插入底座内与横向设置的气液导向空间5相连通,还原剂导流管竖直插入底座内穿过气液导向空间后与还原剂引流通道6相连通,还原剂引流通道的下端锥形收缩后与位于底座上的喷嘴7相连通,还原剂导流管的前后两侧对称设置有4个与气液导向空间相连通的气体引流通道8,气体引流通道的下端锥形收缩后与喷嘴、底座之间形成的以喷嘴为中心的环形喷腔9相连通,还原剂导流管和气体导流管的上端分别连接有快插接头10和快拧接头11。
下面以实际数据来说明本发明还原剂喷射器的雾化效果:
我们使用喷雾激光粒度分析仪winner318对本发明喷射器的雾化效果进行了分析测试,以尿素溶液为还原剂,气体为空气,具体结果如下:
表1:本发明喷射器的雾化效果测试数据
其中,VAD表示体积加权平均粒径;NAD表示数量加权平均粒径;SMD表示表面积加权平均粒径。
雾化过程中,气液两相的流速差越大雾化效果越好,但为了真实的验证本发明喷嘴的实际雾化效果,在上述的实验过程中,我们采用7200m l/h的相对较大的发动机尿素溶液喷射量来测试尿素溶液的雾化效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种双流体还原剂喷射器,包括底座、还原剂导流管和气体导流管,所述底座上设有固定孔,其特征在于,所述气体导流管竖直插入底座内与横向设置的气液导向空间相连通,所述还原剂导流管竖直插入底座内穿过气液导向空间后与还原剂引流通道相连通,所述还原剂引流通道的下端锥形收缩后与位于底座上的喷嘴相连通,所述还原剂导流管的前后两侧对称设置有与气液导向空间相连通的气体引流通道,所述气体引流通道的下端锥形收缩后与喷嘴、底座之间形成的以喷嘴为中心的环形喷腔相连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双流体还原剂喷射器,其特征在于,所述还原剂导流管和气体导流管的上端分别通过快插接头、快拧接头与尿素泵连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的双流体还原剂喷射器,其特征在于,所述底座呈三角状,底座的三个顶点处均设有固定孔。
4.根据权利要求1所述的双流体还原剂喷射器,其特征在于,所述还原剂导流管的前后两侧对称设置有两组气体引流通道。
5.根据权利要求1所述的双流体还原剂喷射器,其特征在于,所述喷射器整体由不锈钢材料制成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的双流体还原剂喷射器,其特征在于,所述喷射器整体由钎焊工艺制成。
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CN114135424A (zh) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-04 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) 一种气道环膜夹气喷射装置

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CN114135424A (zh) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-04 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) 一种气道环膜夹气喷射装置

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