CN106332882B - A kind of plant growth regualting composition, preparation and its application - Google Patents

A kind of plant growth regualting composition, preparation and its application Download PDF

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CN106332882B
CN106332882B CN201610723307.3A CN201610723307A CN106332882B CN 106332882 B CN106332882 B CN 106332882B CN 201610723307 A CN201610723307 A CN 201610723307A CN 106332882 B CN106332882 B CN 106332882B
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plant growth
composition
agent
chrysanthemum
weight
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CN106332882A (en
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冷鹏
王军
彭山英
颜亚奇
陈曦
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Sichuan Jiazhi Ecological Technology Co ltd
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Sichuan Guoguang Agrochemical Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/38Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N37/40Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/18Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N37/28Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof containing the group; Thio analogues thereof

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of plant growth regualting composition, preparation and its application, and the composition is 1 by weight percent:2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid and daminozide of (0.5-10) form.The composition and preparation can be improved chlorophyll content in leaf blades, inhibit plant height, increase root dry weight and No. of inflorescences, blooming period prolonging prevents chrysanthemum from early ageing or lodging phenomenon occur, reduces and the risk of early ageing occur using plant growth retardent, solve single plant growth regulator using narrow, crop-selective is stronger, and effect is undesirable, the high problem of the risk of phytotoxicity.

Description

A kind of plant growth regualting composition, preparation and its application
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant growth regulator technical fields, and in particular to a kind of plant growth regualting composition, preparation And its application.
Background technique
Chrysanthemum is perennial herb, and because of kind difference, difference is very big;Phyllary multilayer, outer layer green, bar shaped, marginal membrane Matter, outside is by pubescence;Ligulate flower white, red, purple or yellow;Pattern then has red, yellow, white, orange, purple, pink, dark red etc. each The kind of color, cultivation is extremely more, and capitulum changeableization, shape and color is different, and shape has single-lobe, flat valve, spoon valve etc. a variety of because of kind Type, be the 10 famous flowers of China one of and world-renowned flowers.Chrysanthemum be cultivated through long-term artificial selection it is rare ornamental Flowers.Chrysanthemum often shows as that plant stem is excessively high, and the soft easy lodging of stem, plant shape is loose, and lower blade aging, the florescence is shorter, Greatly reduce its ornamental value.
The prior art keeps its plant type compact short and small by control measures, and stem is sturdy, flourishing with flowers and leaves, raw in production at present Usually there are three types of approach for long control:(1) temperature is reduced, keep daytime identical with the temperature at night or makes day temperature lower than night temperature Degree;Humidity is reduced, for ammonia state fertilizer or Fertilizer application amount is reduced using calcium nitrate or sour potassio, increases intensity of illumination.(2) machine is used Tool method mostly uses pinching to promote branch, controls plant height.(3) using physiology such as single plant growth retardant Dwarf Effects Means can make plant fertility development be in progress towards direction contemplated by people with the growth of extremely low dosage control plant.
However, existing control measures still have more or less problem, the growing surface that traditional reduction temperature method uses Product is little, and work consuming is time-consuming, wastes a large amount of resource;Using mechanical means, pinching is mostly used to promote branch, controls strain Height, time-consuming, deficiency in economic performance and the scale and the factorial production that flowers can not be carried out;Tradition sprays single plant growth and prolongs Slow agent, application is narrow, and crop-selective is stronger, and effect is undesirable, and it is improper that the concentration sprayed is grasped, it may appear that cauline leaf early ageing, nutrition The disadvantages such as it is poor to accumulate, and quality is low.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the application provides a kind of plant growth regualting composition, preparation and its application, blade and blade can be improved Chlorophyll contents inhibit plant height, increase root dry weight and No. of inflorescences, blooming period prolonging, prevent chrysanthemum from early ageing or lodging phenomenon occur, reduce There is the risk of early ageing using plant growth retardent, solve single plant growth regulator using narrow, crop-selective Relatively strong, effect is undesirable, the high problem of the risk of phytotoxicity.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution provided by the invention is a kind of plant growth regualting composition, described Composition is 1 by weight percent:2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid and daminozide of (0.5-10) form.
Preferably, the composition is 1 by weight percent:2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid and daminozide of (4-10) Composition.
More preferably, the composition is 1 by weight percent:2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid and butyryl of (5-7) Hydrazine composition.
Specifically:
In the section Example of the application, the composition is 1 by weight percent:The 2- (acetoxyl group) of (5.5-7) Benzoic acid and daminozide composition.
In the section Example of the application, the composition is 1 by weight percent:2- (acetoxyl group) benzene of (5-6) Formic acid and daminozide composition.
In the section Example of the application, the composition is 1 by weight percent:2- (the acetyl oxygen of (5.5-6.5) Base) benzoic acid and daminozide composition.
Technical scheme additionally provides a kind of plant growth regulating composition, including above-mentioned composition, the composition In, the percentage that the weight of 2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid accounts for the total formulation weight is 0.1-40%, the daminozide Weight account for the total formulation weight percentage be 1-60%.
Preferably, further include in the preparation have wetting agent, dispersing agent, anti-caking agent, disintegrating agent, bonding agent, release agent, At least one of filler.
More preferably, to account for the percentages of the total weight of the preparation, the weight percent of the wetting agent is 0.5-2%, the weight percent of the dispersing agent is 0.5-3%, and the weight percent of the anti-caking agent is 2-10%, The weight percent of the disintegrating agent is 1-5%, and the weight percent of the binder is 1-10%, the weight of the release agent Measuring percentage is 0.1-5%.
More preferably, the wetting agent be it is at least one selected from dodecyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate, dodecyl naphthalene sulfonic acid potassium, Sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate, lauryl sodium sulfate, alkyl naphthalene sodium sulphate, diisooctyl succinate sodium sulfonate.
More preferably, the wetting agent is diisooctyl succinate sodium sulfonate.
More preferably, the dispersing agent is at least one selected from lignosulfonates, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, poly- macromolecule Carboxylate.
More preferably, the dispersing agent is alkylnaphthalene sulfonate.
More preferably, the anti-caking agent is at least one selected from anhydrous magnesium sulfate, white carbon black.
More preferably, the anti-caking agent be anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate good water solubility and contain plant institute The mineral element magnesium needed.
More preferably, the filler is selected from least one of trace element fertilizer, a great number of elements fertilizer, trace element fertilizer packet Iron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium, copper fertilizer, boron fertilizer, molydbenum fertilizer are included, a great number of elements fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer.
The dosage form of preparation described in technical scheme is solvable pulvis, soluble granule, pulvis, tablet, according to specific At least one of dosage form selection wetting agent, dispersing agent, anti-caking agent, disintegrating agent, bonding agent, filler, specific ingredient and dosage It requires to adjust according to dosage form.
Specifically, when the dosage form of the preparation is soluble powder, in terms of the percentage for accounting for the total formulation weight, The preparation is composed of the following components:2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid 0.1-40%, daminozide 1-60%, wetting agent 0.5- 2%, dispersing agent 0.5-3%, anti-caking agent 2-10%, surplus are filler.
When the dosage form of the preparation is pulvis, in terms of the percentage for accounting for the total formulation weight, the preparation is by following Group is grouped as:2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid 0.1-40%, daminozide 1-60%, wetting agent 0.5-2%, dispersing agent 0.5- 3%, anti-caking agent 2-10%, white carbon black 1-5%, surplus are filler.
When the dosage form of the preparation is tablet, in terms of the percentage for accounting for the total formulation weight, the preparation is by following Group is grouped as:2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid 0.1-40%, daminozide 1-60%, wetting agent 0.5-2%, dispersing agent 0.5- 3%, magnesium stearate 0.1-5%, Macrogol 6000 1-10%, surplus are filler.
When the dosage form of the preparation be soluble granule when, in terms of the percentage for accounting for the total formulation weight, the preparation by Following components composition:2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid 0.1-40%, daminozide 1-60%, wetting agent 0.5-2%, dispersing agent 0.5-3%, surplus is filler.
Component does not contain any organic solvent, acid and alkali substance in above-mentioned preparation, storage there is no any agglomeration, Flatulence phenomenon, packaging are easy, and transportation safety performance is high.
Technical scheme additionally provides a kind of above-mentioned plant growth regualting composition and is improving chrysanthemum leaf chlorophyll Content increases chrysanthemum root dry weight, increases chrysanthemum titbit number, extend chrysanthemum florescence, prevent the application in chrysanthemum early ageing.
2- described in technical scheme (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid (ASA) belongs to acetyl salicylic acids, belongs to application Extensive medicine, trade name aspirin agriculturally can induce Systemic Acquired Resistance In Plants, drought resisting, cold-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, anti- Saline and alkaline, volume increase growth promotion and the outstanding behaviours for improving crop quality, seedling stage promoting root growth, trophophase growth promoting keep crop stem sturdy, no Lodging, promotes the synthesis of chlorophyll, keeps plant leaf blade dark green, while meeting water and resolving into salicylic acid and acetic acid, and salicylic acid, which has, to be adjusted Plant immune system function is saved, the disease resistance of plant is improved.The daminozide is a kind of widely used fine chemistry industry production Product can inhibit excessive vegetative growth, have good interior suction, conductive performance, can control crop excessive growth, adjust nutrient distribution, make crop Stalwartness stimulates the growth of crop root, has increase to resist cold crop, drought-resistance ability.However when the two exclusive use, application surface Narrow, crop-selective is stronger, and effect is undesirable, and it is improper that the concentration sprayed is grasped, it may appear that cauline leaf early ageing, nutrient accumulation is poor, product The disadvantages such as matter is low.
Composition and preparation in technical scheme are applied in combination using 2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid and daminozide, When applied to chrysanthemum flowers, can make plant downgrade, plant type is compact, well developed root system, leaf dark green, is obviously prolonged the florescence, make pattern It is gorgeous, it is conducive to ornamental.It improving chrysanthemum leaf chlorophyll content, increasing chrysanthemum root dry weight, increase chrysanthemum titbit number, extension chrysanthemum Synergy is had the function of on florescence.Wherein, 2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid can enhance the vigor of the SOD in petal, right The O generated in petal2-Effective scavenging effect is played, 2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid is prevented by the biosynthesis of ethene suppressing The metabolic activities such as breathing, to significantly reduce the O in petal2-Rate is generated, the complete of petal cell membrane structure is protected Property, thus play a positive role to the aging for delaying petal.In addition, being applied in combination for the two can expand plant range, promote Into the nutrient accumulation of chrysanthemum, reduce single medicament to chrysanthemum phytotoxicity, avoid the occurrence of the early ageing of chrysanthemum, improve the product of chrysanthemum Matter.
Specific embodiment
It is right combined with specific embodiments below in order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand technical solution of the present invention The present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of plant growth regulating composition (soluble powder) described in technical scheme, by following weight percent Component be made, be specifically shown in Table 1:
1 embodiment of table, 1 formulation ingredients and proportion
Preparation method is:Above-mentioned each component example in mass ratio is taken to be pre-mixed, high speed disintegrator crushes, and remixes up to producing Product.
Embodiment 2
A kind of plant growth regulating composition (pulvis) described in technical scheme, by following components in percentage by weight It is made, is specifically shown in Table 2:
2 embodiment of table, 2 formulation ingredients and proportion
Preparation method is:It takes above-mentioned each component example to be in mass ratio pre-mixed, crushes, remix up to product.
Embodiment 3
A kind of plant growth regulating composition (tablet) described in technical scheme, by following components in percentage by weight It is made, is specifically shown in Table 3:
3 embodiment of table, 3 formulation ingredients and proportion
Preparation method is:It takes above-mentioned each component example to be in mass ratio pre-mixed, crushes, remix, tabletting is up to product.
Embodiment 4
A kind of plant growth regulating composition (soluble granule) described in technical scheme, by following weight percent Component is made, and is specifically shown in Table 4:
4 embodiment of table, 4 formulation ingredients and proportion
Preparation method:It takes above-mentioned each component example to be in mass ratio pre-mixed, crushes, remix, mediate, be granulated, be drying to obtain Product.
Embodiment 5
Synergism test
1, test method:Reference《Farm-chemical indoor determination test rule NY/T2061.2-2011》Plant growth regulating Agent part 2:It is spraying that plant strain growth tests cauline leaf.
2, data are analyzed:Crop is handled using different proportion, the composition of different content and single dose, after measuring and calculating crop The plant height of phase and blank control, the economical character index of root dry weight come measure mixture reasonability.
3, effect evaluation method:
Calculation formula is as follows:
Growth rate E=(test data-clear water control)/clear water control * 100%
Inhibiting rate E=(clear water control-test data)/clear water control * 100%
Theoretical value E0=X+Y-X*Y/100 (Gowing formula)
Wherein:The growth rate or inhibiting rate for A single dose that X is dosage when being P;The growth rate or suppression for B single dose that Y is dosage when being Q Rate processed;E0 is dosage when being P+Q A+B theory growth rate or inhibiting rate;E is the real growth rate or inhibiting rate of each processing;
As E-E0 > 10%, illustrate that composition generates synergistic effect.
As E-E0 < -10%, illustrate that composition generates antagonism.
When E-E0 is between ± 10%, illustrate that composition generates addition.
One, A is tested
Single medicine and composition test indoor pot chrysanthemum plant height impact effect
According to above-mentioned test method, data analysis, effect evaluation method, show that test result is shown in Table 5.Wherein E1 is real Average plant height inhibiting rate of the border relative to blank control, E01 are the average plant height inhibiting rate after theoretical use with.
The single medicine of table 5 and composition influence indoor pot chrysanthemum plant height
It can be seen that from above data result and tested by indoor pot chrysanthemum plant height, use 2- (acetoxyl group) benzene first Obvious inhibiting effect is all had to plant height after acid, daminozide, is in the weight ratio that 2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid is with daminozide 1:When 5.5-7, have obvious synergistic function.
Two, B is tested
Single medicine and composition test indoor pot chrysanthemum root dry weight impact effect
According to above-mentioned test method, data analysis, effect evaluation method, show that test result is shown in Table 6.Wherein E2 is real Rate of body weight gain of the border relative to blank control, E02 are the rate of body weight gain after theoretical use with.
The single medicine of table 6 and composition influence indoor pot chrysanthemum root dry weight
It can be seen that from above data result and tested by indoor pot chrysanthemum root dry weight physical signs, use 2- (acetyl Oxygroup) benzoic acid, the effect of being obviously promoted is all had to the growth of the root of chrysanthemum after daminozide, 2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid with The weight ratio that daminozide is is 1:When 5-6, have obvious synergistic function.
Three, C is tested
Single medicine and composition are to chrysanthemum No. of inflorescences pharmacodynamic test
1, experimental subjects:Chrysanthemum;
2, test site:Shandong Province's Qingzhou City;
3, test method:Complete stool even spraying, according to the growth characteristics of chrysanthemum, based on spraying equal medicine amount liquids, if 16 A processing, 4 repetitions, totally 64 cells.It is arranged using random district's groups, keeps the initial condition of each cell consistent as far as possible.
4, data are analyzed:Experimental result is in strict accordance with National Standard of the People's Republic of China《Pesticide efficacy field trial is quasi- Then》Specified in calculation method calculated.
According to above-mentioned effect evaluation method, show that test result is shown in Table 7.Wherein E3 is practical relative to blank control Average No. of inflorescences increment rate, E03 are the average No. of inflorescences increment rate after theoretical use with.
The single medicine of table 7 and composition influence chrysanthemum No. of inflorescences
It can be seen that from above data result through field control effectiveness test, use 2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid, daminozide The quantity for increasing inflorescence to chrysanthemum afterwards all has the effect of being obviously promoted, in the weight that 2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid and daminozide are Than being 1:When 5-6, have obvious synergistic function.
Four, D is tested
Single medicine and composition test chrysanthemum florescence impact effect
According to above-mentioned test method, data analysis, effect evaluation method, show that test result is shown in Table 8.Wherein E4 is real Average florescence increment rate of the border relative to blank control, E04 are the average florescence increment rate after theoretical use with.
The single medicine of table 8 and composition influence chrysanthemum florescence
It can be seen that from above data result through field control effectiveness test, use 2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid, daminozide The effect of being obviously promoted is all had to the florescence for extending chrysanthemum afterwards, is in the weight ratio that 2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid is with daminozide 1:When 5.5-6.5, have obvious synergistic function.
In conclusion showing 2- (acetoxyl group) benzene first by indoor biometrics experiment and a large amount of outdoor field comparison tests After being used in combination after acid, daminozide, to the plant height for inhibiting chrysanthemum, the root system ability for improving chrysanthemum, the quantity for increasing inflorescence, extend Florescence of chrysanthemum etc. has good effect, substantially increases the ornamental value of chrysanthemum.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that above-mentioned preferred embodiment is not construed as pair Limitation of the invention, protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the scope defined by the claims..For the art For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these change It also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention into retouching.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of plant growth regualting composition, it is characterised in that:The composition is 1 by weight percent:The 2- of (5-7) (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid and daminozide composition.
2. a kind of plant growth regulating composition, including composition described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the composition, The percentage that the weight of 2- (acetoxyl group) benzoic acid accounts for the total formulation weight is 0.1-40%, the daminozide The percentage that weight accounts for the total formulation weight is 1-60%.
3. a kind of plant growth regulating composition according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:It further include having profit in the preparation At least one of humectant, dispersing agent, anti-caking agent, disintegrating agent, bonding agent, release agent, filler.
4. a kind of plant growth regulating composition according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:To account for the total weight of the preparation Percentages, the weight percent of the wetting agent is 0.5-2%, and the weight percent of the dispersing agent is 0.5-3%, The weight percent of the anti-caking agent is 2-10%, and the weight percent of the disintegrating agent is 1-5%, the binder Weight percent is 1-10%, and the weight percent of the release agent is 0.1-5%.
5. a kind of plant growth regulating composition according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The wetting agent is at least one Selected from dodecyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate, dodecyl naphthalene sulfonic acid potassium, sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate, lauryl sodium sulfate, alkyl naphthalene sulphur Sour sodium, diisooctyl succinate sodium sulfonate.
6. a kind of plant growth regulating composition according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The dispersing agent is at least one Selected from lignosulfonates, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, poly- polymeric carboxylic salt.
7. a kind of plant growth regulating composition according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The anti-caking agent is at least one Kind is selected from anhydrous magnesium sulfate, white carbon black.
8. plant growth regualting composition described in a kind of claim 1 is improving chrysanthemum leaf chlorophyll content, is increasing chrysanthemum root Dry weight increases chrysanthemum titbit number, extends chrysanthemum florescence, prevents the application in chrysanthemum early ageing.
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CN107173032A (en) * 2017-06-29 2017-09-19 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 A kind of method for improving FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China flower production, general flavone and chlorogenic acid content
CN107996342A (en) * 2017-11-29 2018-05-08 武汉市农业科学技术研究院林业果树科学研究所 The potted dwarf method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium

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CN1903041A (en) * 2006-08-01 2007-01-31 岳邦珅 Agent for prolonging flower blossom

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