CN106324210A - Method for testing performance of Cr12 steel for brick making dies - Google Patents
Method for testing performance of Cr12 steel for brick making dies Download PDFInfo
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- CN106324210A CN106324210A CN201610822891.8A CN201610822891A CN106324210A CN 106324210 A CN106324210 A CN 106324210A CN 201610822891 A CN201610822891 A CN 201610822891A CN 106324210 A CN106324210 A CN 106324210A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the performance of Cr12 steel for brick making dies. The method includes steps of S1, carrying out first heat treatment processes on first test samples made of the Cr12 steel; S2, carrying out second heat treatment processes on second test samples made of the Cr12 steel; S3, comparing the performance of the first test samples to the performance of the second test samples. The method for testing the performance of the Cr12 steel for the brick making dies has the advantages that the two types of test samples made of the steel for the dies are treated by the aid of the different heat treatment processes, tissues and the performance of the test samples made of the steel for the dies are compared to one another, and accordingly the method is beneficial to intuitively judging whether the service lives of the brick making dies can be prolonged by the improved heat treatment processes for the brick making dies or not according to comparison results.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to brick-making mould technical field, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of brick-making mould Cr12 mould
Steel Properties method of testing.
Background technology
Brick-making mould in use requires that surface has certain hardness, intensity and wearability.Certain company uses system
Bricks die produces building brick, and mold materials is Cr12 steel, and brick-making mould need to process through spheroidizing, quenching and lonneal.
This brick-making mould the most easily weares and teares.The abrasion of brick-making mould not only can cause the own geometry of mould and coarse
Degree changes, and has influence on the shape of brick, size and precision, also can waste the production time because of frequently changing of mould, reduce raw
Productivity, has influence on the economic benefit of company.The main cause that this brick-making mould lost efficacy is because the hardness of this die surface and resistance to
Mill property is not enough.In order to improve the service life of brick-making mould, increase wearability, Technology for Heating Processing need to be improved, and for
In the service life that whether can improve brick-making mould of the Technology for Heating Processing after improvement, need to use effective method to test
Card, lacks this method in prior art.
Summary of the invention
It is contemplated that at least solve one of technical problem present in prior art.To this end, the present invention provides a kind of system
Bricks die Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing, it is therefore an objective to realize whether the Technology for Heating Processing after improving brick-making mould can improve system
The checking in the service life of bricks die.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: brick-making mould Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing,
Including step:
S1, providing the first sample, the first sample carries out the first Technology for Heating Processing, the material of the first sample is Cr12 steel；
S2, providing the second sample, the second sample carries out the second Technology for Heating Processing, the material of the second sample is Cr12 steel；
S3, performance to the first sample and the second sample contrast.
Described first Technology for Heating Processing includes operation:
S11, spheroidizing；
S12, quenching；
S13, lonneal.
In described operation S12, during quenching, heating-up temperature is 970-990 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 14-16min.
In described operation S12, use oily cold mode that the first sample is cooled down.
In described operation S13, temperature is 190-210 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 14-16min.
In described operation S13, use air cooling mode that the first sample is cooled down.
Described second Technology for Heating Processing includes operation:
S21, ooze altogether in diffusion medium, obtain the boride layer on surface；
S22, the degree of depth measuring boride layer and hardness；
S23, quenching；
S24, lonneal.
In described operation S21, described diffusion medium is energizer or the mixture being made up of energizer and rare earth.
The chemical component weight percentage ratio of described energizer is: B-Fe 72%, KBF46%, (NH4)2CO32%, Linesless charcoal
20%.
The addition of described rare earth accounts for the 0% of diffusion medium total amount, 1%, 3% and 5% by weight percentage.
In described operation S22, after measuring the metallographic structure of the second sample and the degree of depth of surface boronizing layer and hardness, according to
The degree of depth of boride layer and the height of hardness, determine rare earth addition optimal in operation S21.
In described operation S23, during quenching, heating-up temperature is 970-990 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 14-16min.
In described operation S24, temperature is 190-210 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 14-16min.
The brick-making mould of present invention Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing, by using different heat to two kinds of mould steel samples
Process technique to process, and the tissue and performance to two kinds of mould steel samples contrasts, thus according to comparing result, help
Whether the Technology for Heating Processing after just improving for brick-making mould can improve the service life of brick-making mould is made intuitive judgment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
This specification includes the following drawings, shown content respectively:
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure after spheroidizing, quenching and lonneal process of first sample；
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure after oozing process altogether of second sample, and top layer is zigzag boride, mainly by FeB phase,
Fe2B phase, (Fe, Cr)2B phase composition；It is inward from transition zone, mainly by (Cr, Fe)7C3Phase, palpus shape Fe2B phase and island (Fe, Cr)3C phase composition；Heart portion is original structure, is made up of with carbide pearlite；
Fig. 3 is the relation curve of Cr12 steel rare earth addition and the boride layer degree of depth.
Fig. 4 be Cr12 steel rare earth addition with boronising after the relation curve of maximum hardness.
Fig. 5 is the metallographic structure after the second Technology for Heating Processing processes of second sample, and top layer is boride layer；It was inward from
Cross layer；Core structure is tempered martensite+carbide+retained austenite；
Fig. 6 is hardness balance's figure of the first sample and the second sample；
Fig. 7 is the wear extent graph of relation with wearing-in period of the first sample and the second sample.
Detailed description of the invention
Below against accompanying drawing, by the description to embodiment, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is made further details of
Explanation, it is therefore an objective to help those skilled in the art that design, the technical scheme of the present invention are had more complete, accurate and deep reason
Solve, and contribute to its enforcement.
The invention provides a kind of brick-making mould Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing, comprise the following steps that
S1, provide the first sample, the first sample is carried out the first Technology for Heating Processing；
S2, provide the second sample, the second sample is carried out the second Technology for Heating Processing；
S3, performance to the first sample and the second sample contrast.
Specifically, the material of the first sample and the second sample is Cr12 steel, the first sample and the second sample respectively
Cr12 steel is used to make and the bloom of length, width and height a size of 10mm × 10mm × 15mm including polylith.
When the first sample is carried out heat treatment, the first Technology for Heating Processing includes following operation:
S11, spheroidizing；
S12, quenching；
S13, lonneal.
In operation S11, the first sample is carried out heating-up temperature when spheroidizing processes and is 850-870 DEG C, temperature retention time
(min) is divided, air cooling of coming out of the stove after finally progressively cooling to 490-510 DEG C for 14-16.
In operation S12, heating-up temperature when quenching the first sample is 970-990 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 14-16
Divide (min), finally use oily cold mode that the first sample is cooled down.
In operation S13, when the first sample is carried out temper, temperature is 190-210 DEG C, and temperature retention time is
14-16 divides (min), finally uses air cooling mode to cool down the first sample.
When the first sample is carried out heat treatment, the first Technology for Heating Processing also includes following operation:
S14, measure the performance of the first sample, including metallographic structure, hardness and the wearability of the first sample.
After first sample is completed lonneal process, carry out operation S14.In operation S14, first the first sample is passed through
Grind, polish, then corrode the first sample with the nitric acid ethanol of 4%, then measure the with 4XC-D type gold photometallurgical microscope
The metallographic structure of one sample, then measures the hardness of the first sample, finally grinds by MMW-1 type with HV-1000 type microhardness testers
Damage testing machine and measure its wearability.
The metallographic structure after spheroidizing, normal quenching and lonneal of first sample is as it is shown in figure 1, be tempered martensite
Body+carbide+retained austenite.Containing high carbon content and alloying element content in first sample, belong to ledeburite steel.Quenching
After obtain lamellar martensite and carbide Cr7C3.Owing to carbon and alloying element reduce Ms (martensite start) point and the temperature that ends
Degree, causes room temperature lower part austenite not change, becomes retained austenite.In drawing process, lamellar martensite is decomposed into back
Fire martensite, retained austenite and carbide that quenching obtains are not changed in, and remain.
When the second sample is carried out heat treatment, the second Technology for Heating Processing includes following operation:
S21, ooze altogether in diffusion medium, obtain the boride layer on surface；
S22, the degree of depth measuring boride layer and hardness；
S23, quenching；
S24, lonneal.
In operation S21, the second sample is placed in diffusion medium and oozes process altogether, make the surface of the second sample be formed and ooze
Boron layer.Owing to pack boriding equipment is simple, easy to operate, low cost, therefore use pack boriding to process Cr12 steel.
Diffusion medium is energizer or is the mixture being made up of energizer and rare earth.As preferably, the chemistry of energizer
Composition by weight percent is: B-Fe (ferro-boron) 72%, KBF4(Potassium borofluoride) 6%, (NH4)2CO3(ammonium carbonate) 2%, Linesless charcoal
20%.B-Fe is boron supplying agent, and Main Function is to produce activated boron atoms.KBF4For activator, its effect is to make to be oozed workpiece table
Face keeps " activation " state, makes boron atom be easily adsorbed at surface of the work and to internal diffusion.Linesless charcoal is filler, and effect is to reduce
Hardening of penetration enhancer, it is to avoid penetration enhancer and the adhesion of workpiece, conveniently takes out sample, and reduces cost.
When the diffusion medium used in operation S21 is the mixture being made up of energizer and rare earth, rare earth is pressed with boriding medium
After ratio mix homogeneously, load in boronising case.Boronising heating-up temperature is 900 DEG C, is incubated 5h, and then slow cooling is to room temperature.In heating
With in insulating process, boriding medium decomposites activated boron atoms, is adsorbed by the second specimen surface, and then activated boron atoms is from the table of steel
Towards diffusion inside, form the boride layer with certain depth.
In operation S22, after measuring the metallographic structure of the second sample and the degree of depth of surface boronizing layer and hardness, according to oozing
The degree of depth of boron layer and the height of hardness, determine rare earth addition optimal in the diffusion medium of operation S21.
Therefore, in operation S21, the second sample is divided into four parts, four part of second sample is respectively placed in and there is difference contains
Amount rare earth or ooze process altogether in not containing the diffusion medium of rare earth, i.e. divides four groups to ooze place altogether according to the difference of rare earth addition
Reason, is then measured the metallographic structure of four part of second sample, the boride layer degree of depth and hardness in operation S22 respectively, is oozed by contrast
The boron layer degree of depth and the height of hardness, it is optimal for determining which group oozes the rare earth addition processed in the diffusion medium used altogether.?
In operation S21, rare earth element is preferably cerium, and the addition of rare earth accounts for each group of diffusion medium total amount the most respectively
0%, 1%, 3% and 5%, i.e. first group of diffusion medium oozing process use altogether is energizer, does not contains rare earth；Second group oozes altogether
Processing the diffusion medium used is the mixture being made up of energizer and rare earth, and the addition of rare earth accounts for the most respectively
The 1% of diffusion medium total amount；The 3rd group of diffusion medium oozing process use altogether is the mixture being made up of energizer and rare earth, rare earth
Addition accounts for the 3% of diffusion medium total amount the most respectively；4th group oozes altogether and processes the diffusion medium used for oozing by urging
Agent and the mixture of rare earth composition, the addition of rare earth accounts for the 5% of diffusion medium total amount the most respectively.
The tissue of the second sample after oozing process altogether is made up of three parts: top layer is boride layer, and indentation divides
Cloth, mainly by FeB phase, Fe2B phase, (Fe, Cr)2B phase composition.It is inward from transition zone, mainly by (Cr, Fe)7C3Phase, palpus shape Fe2B
Mutually with island (Fe, Cr)3C phase composition.Heart portion keeps original structure.How many pairs of the second samples of diffusion medium middle rare earth addition
Tissue composition impact is little, mainly has influence on hardness and the boride layer degree of depth of boride.Fig. 2 is that the second sample is placed in content of rare earth
It it is the metallographic structure schematic diagram after oozing process in the diffusion medium of 3% altogether.
Second sample is after oozing process altogether, and the relation of different rare earth additions and the boride layer degree of depth is as shown in Figure 3.Can see
Going out, along with the increase of rare earth addition, the boride layer degree of depth increases, and when reaching 3%, the boride layer degree of depth is maximum；Subsequently along with rare earth
The increase of addition, the boride layer degree of depth reduces.Boronizing process includes the decomposition of boriding medium, the absorption of activated boron atoms and diffusion.
Rare earth has the strongest chemism, can accelerate the decomposition of penetration enhancer；It is easily adsorbed in metallic surface, enables the system to reduce,
Promote the carrying out of boronising；Owing to the radius of rare earth atom is relatively big, the infiltration of rare earth can cause the generation in room, for the expansion of boron atom
Dissipate and passage is provided, make boriding rate accelerate.When penetration enhancer adding rare earth content being little, the rare earth element decomposition facilitation to penetration enhancer
Less, meanwhile, rare earth atom is the most less in the coverage rate of specimen surface, makes activated boron atoms concentration increase few.And work as penetration enhancer
During the too much rare earth of middle addition, more rare earth atom is deposited in specimen surface, hinders steel surface capture activated boron atoms, makes
The activated boron atoms of steel surface adsorption reduces, and causes the boride layer degree of depth to reduce.Therefore only when content of rare earth is suitable, rare earth atom
Active function just can give full play to, urge that to ooze effect just the most best.
Second sample is after the rare earth-boron permeation of Different adding amount processes, and the maximum hardness having is as shown in Figure 4.Permissible
Finding out, when rare earth addition is relatively low, along with increasing of rare earth addition, case hardness is gradually increased, and reason is due to top layer
Form FeB and Fe2B boride, has the highest hardness, causes the raising of Cr12 steel hardness.When rare earth addition reaches 3%
Time, hardness is the highest, continues to improve rare earth addition, and firmness change is little, and reason is owing to continuing to increase rare earth content, substantial amounts of dilute
Soil atom is distributed in the surface of steel, affects the absorption of boron atom.Although therefore content of rare earth increases, the boride that steel surface is formed
Number change is little, and hardness is also basically unchanged.
To sum up analyzing, rare earth addition optimal in diffusion medium is 3%.
In operation S23, by through diffusion medium that content of rare earth is 3% ooze process altogether after the second sample quench
Processing, during Quenching Treatment, heating-up temperature is 970-990 DEG C, and temperature retention time is that 14-16 divides (min), finally uses oily cold mode pair
Second sample cools down.
In operation S24, continuing to carry out lonneal process to a second sample, temperature is 190-210 DEG C, protects
The temperature time is that 14-16 divides (min), finally uses air cooling mode to cool down the second sample.
When the second sample is carried out heat treatment, the second Technology for Heating Processing also includes following operation:
S25, measure the performance of the second sample.
After second sample is completed lonneal process, carry out operation S25.In operation S25, measure the second sample through oozing
Metallographic structure, hardness and wearability after boron process+quenching+lonneal.
In step s3, by before metallographic structure, hardness and the wearability of the second sample and improvement through spheroidizing+commonly quench
The metallographic structure of the first sample, hardness and the Contrast of Wear Resistance that fire+lonneal processes, compares the change of its performance.
For the brick-making mould using Cr12 steel to make in prior art, if brick-making mould carries out spheroidizing, general successively
Logical quenching and lonneal process (the most above-mentioned first Technology for Heating Processing), and brick-making mould the most easily weares and teares, mainly
Reason is because hardness and the wearability deficiency of die surface.
If Technology for Heating Processing is improved, improve the service life of brick-making mould, increase wearability, make brick-making mould depend on
Secondary process, quenching and the lonneal of oozing altogether processes (the most above-mentioned second Technology for Heating Processing), and pack boriding is to put into steel to ooze
In boron agent, after being heated to suitable temperature and insulation, it is cooled to room temperature.In heating and insulating process, boriding medium decomposites activity
Boron atom, by the surface adsorption of steel, then from diffusion into the surface to inside.Form FeB due to the surface of steel and boronation be ferrous,
There is the highest hardness, therefore can be improved the wearability of brick-making mould by boronising.Steel is after Bononizing pretreatment, due to boronising
Layer the degree of depth shallower, during use also due to too early abrasion and affect the mold use life-span.In order to improve further
The wearability of brick-making mould, increases the service life, and adds rare earth in boronizing process.Rare earth has the strongest chemism, energy
Accelerate the decomposition of boriding medium, increase the quantity of activated boron atoms；Rare earth is easily adsorbed at the surface of steel simultaneously, enables the system to fall
Low, promote the carrying out of boronising.Owing to the radius of rare earth atom is relatively big, its infiltration can cause the generation in room, for boron atom
Penetrate into and passage is provided, make boriding rate accelerate, increase the degree of depth of boride layer.Additionally, rare earth can improve the tissue of top layer boride,
Improve its compactness, seriality and uniformity, and then improve hardness and the wearability on surface, and then brick-making mould can be improved
Life-span.
The method of testing of the present invention, by using different Technologies for Heating Processing to carry out respectively on the first sample and the second sample
Processing, the Technology for Heating Processing before the Technology for Heating Processing that the first sample uses is improved with brick-making mould is identical, and the second sample uses
Technology for Heating Processing after Technology for Heating Processing is improved with brick-making mould is identical, on the one hand achieves brick-making mould Cr12 mould steel
Effective mensuration of metallographic structure, hardness and wearability, on the other hand by the metallographic structure of two kinds of samples and performance are carried out
Contrast, thus according to comparing result, contribute to whether the Technology for Heating Processing after just improving for brick-making mould can improve brickmaking
The mold use life-span makes intuitive judgment, it is provided that the effective means of a kind of checking.
Embodiment one
Present embodiments provide a kind of brick-making mould Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing, comprise the following steps that
S1, provide the first sample, the first sample is carried out the first Technology for Heating Processing；
S2, provide the second sample, the second sample is carried out the second Technology for Heating Processing；
S3, performance to the first sample and the second sample contrast.
When the first sample is carried out heat treatment, the first Technology for Heating Processing includes following operation:
S11, spheroidizing；
S12, quenching；
S13, lonneal；
S14, measure the performance of the first sample.
In operation S11, it is 860 DEG C that the first sample carries out heating-up temperature when spheroidizing processes, and temperature retention time is 15
Divide (min), air cooling of coming out of the stove after finally progressively cooling to 500 DEG C.
In operation S12, heating-up temperature when quenching the first sample is 980 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 15 points
(min), finally use oily cold mode that the first sample is cooled down.
In operation S13, when the first sample is carried out temper, temperature is 200 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 15 points
(min), finally use air cooling mode that the first sample is cooled down.
When the second sample is carried out heat treatment, the second Technology for Heating Processing includes following operation:
S21, ooze altogether in diffusion medium, obtain the boride layer on surface；
S22, the degree of depth measuring boride layer and hardness；
S23, quenching；
S24, lonneal；
S25, measure the performance of the second sample.
In operation S21, diffusion medium is the mixture being made up of energizer and rare earth.The chemical component weight hundred of energizer
Proportion by subtraction is: B-Fe (ferro-boron) 72%, KBF4(Potassium borofluoride) 6%, (NH4)2CO3(ammonium carbonate) 2%, Linesless charcoal 20%.Adding of rare earth
Dosage accounts for the 3% of diffusion medium total amount by weight percentage.
In operation S23, by through diffusion medium that content of rare earth is 3% ooze process altogether after the second sample quench
Processing, during Quenching Treatment, heating-up temperature is 980 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 15 points (min), finally uses oily cold mode to the second sample
Cool down.
In operation S24, the second sample being carried out lonneal process, temperature is 200 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 15 points
(min), finally use air cooling mode that the second sample is cooled down.
Fig. 5 be the second sample after oozing process altogether, then through 980 DEG C of oil quenchings, the tissue after 200 DEG C of tempering, top layer is boronation
Nitride layer；It is inward from transition zone, mainly by carbide (Cr, Fe)7C3Mutually with boride Fe2B phase composition；Core structure is tempering horse
Family name's body+carbide+retained austenite.
Fig. 6 is that the hardness of the first sample of the most quenched+temper processes with through 3% rare-earth-boron+quenching+tempering
The hardness balance of rear second sample.It can be seen that to Cr12 steel after oozing process altogether, hardness significantly improves.After reason is boronising
Boride is contained on top layer, has high hardness, it is possible to meet the high hardness in brick-making mould surface and the requirement of wearability, the heart simultaneously
Portion is quenched and temper, obtains tempered martensite and carbide, also improves the intensity of brick-making mould.
Fig. 7 is that Cr12 steel quenching+tempering processes and wear extent and wearing-in period after 3% rare-earth-boron+quenching+tempering process
Relation curve.It can be seen that after rare earth-boron permeation, the wear extent of steel significantly reduces.On the one hand it is due to surface boron compound,
There is the highest hardness, wearability can be improved.On the other hand, rare earth improves the tissue of boride layer so that boride more causes
Close.
Above in association with accompanying drawing, the present invention is exemplarily described.Obviously, the present invention implements not by above-mentioned side
The restriction of formula.As long as the improvement of the various unsubstantialities that the method design that have employed the present invention is carried out with technical scheme；Or not
Improved, above-mentioned design and the technical scheme of the present invention are directly applied to other occasion, all in protection scope of the present invention
Within.
Claims (10)
1. brick-making mould Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing, it is characterised in that include step:
S1, providing the first sample, the first sample carries out the first Technology for Heating Processing, the material of the first sample is Cr12 steel；
S2, providing the second sample, the second sample carries out the second Technology for Heating Processing, the material of the second sample is Cr12 steel；
S3, performance to the first sample and the second sample contrast.
Brick-making mould Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that at described first heat
Science and engineering skill includes operation:
S11, spheroidizing；
S12, quenching；
S13, lonneal.
Brick-making mould Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described operation S12
In, during quenching, heating-up temperature is 970-990 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 14-16min.
Brick-making mould Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described operation S12
In, use oily cold mode that the first sample is cooled down.
5. according to the arbitrary described brick-making mould Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing of claim 2 to 4, it is characterised in that described
In operation S13, temperature is 190-210 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 14-16min.
Brick-making mould Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described operation S13
In, use air cooling mode that the first sample is cooled down.
7. according to the arbitrary described brick-making mould Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing of claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that described
Second Technology for Heating Processing includes operation:
S21, ooze altogether in diffusion medium, obtain the boride layer on surface；
S22, the degree of depth measuring boride layer and hardness；
S23, quenching；
S24, lonneal.
Brick-making mould Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described operation S21
In, described diffusion medium is energizer or the mixture being made up of energizer and rare earth.
Brick-making mould Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described energizer
Chemical component weight percentage ratio is: B-Fe 72%, KBF46%, (NH4)2CO32%, Linesless charcoal 20%.
The Cr12 Steel Properties method of testing of brick-making mould the most according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that described rare earth
Addition account for the 0% of diffusion medium total amount, 1%, 3% and 5% by weight percentage.
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Effective date of registration: 20201221 Address after: 225700 Chen Bao town industrial concentration area, Xinghua City, Taizhou, Jiangsu Patentee after: Taizhou Durun composite new material Co., Ltd Address before: 241000 No. 8 Beijing Middle Road, Jiujiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province Patentee before: ANHUI POLYTECHNIC University |