CN106320354B - The Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating - Google Patents
The Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106320354B CN106320354B CN201610705475.XA CN201610705475A CN106320354B CN 106320354 B CN106320354 B CN 106320354B CN 201610705475 A CN201610705475 A CN 201610705475A CN 106320354 B CN106320354 B CN 106320354B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hole
- grouting
- drilling
- solution cavity
- basement rock
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
- E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
- E02D19/16—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water by placing or applying sealing substances
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/003—Injection of material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Seepage methods on solution cavity development stratum under coating, include the following steps：S1：Coating drills with pipe；S2：Basement rock and the drilling of Karst Cave Formation tunneling boring；S3：Basement rock and Karst Cave Formation cleaning bottom of hole；S4：Basement rock and Karst Cave Formation grouting；S5：Blanket grouting；S6：Sealing of hole.This method has the advantages that construction is simple, quality are good, cost is controllable, high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to solution cavities under the Seepage technology of karst area ground more particularly to a kind of coating to develop
The Seepage method on stratum.
Background technique
With the development of water resources and hydropower construction, grouting technique is developed at a gallop, but is still also existed so far in theoretical side
Continue to explore, especially the grouting treatment technology in karst area is also immature.The ground water penetration of karst area is extremely strong,
It builds a dam on the basement rock of karsts developing area, the processing of dam foundation, reservoir periphery and reservoir leakage channel is very important, simultaneously
The construction technology and construction technology of processing are more complex.Country's karst area seepage control processing construction technique mainly has at present（Rapid hardening）
Cream starches grouting technique, film bag grouting technique, High-Injection Technique, filling concrete technology, orifice closing method deep hole curtain in solution cavity
The curtain construction technologies such as grouting technique, but under deep covering layer multilayer karst area to practice construction experience less, use biography
System karst barrier technology has the following disadvantages：One, engineering geological condition is complicated, collapse hole easily occurs in boring procedure, falls
The abnormal conditions such as brill, burying, drilling accident is more, and pore-forming is difficult, and multiple pore-creating, cleaning bottom of hole cost are larger；Two, it bores and fills equipment more
Fall behind, mechanical service efficiency, labor efficiency are lower, and construction speed is slow；Three, filling process is complicated, while filling process controls
More demanding, grouting range of scatter is larger, and grouting material consumption is larger, and waste is serious.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of construction is simple, quality it is good,
Controllably, under the coating of high efficiency solution cavity develops the Seepage method on stratum to cost.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
The Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum, includes the following steps under a kind of coating：
S1：Coating drills with pipe：It is crept into clay and severely-weathered coating using percussive drill eccentric drilling device, while benefit
Hole wall is protected with casing follow-up；
S2：Basement rock and the drilling of Karst Cave Formation tunneling boring：It pulls out of hole and replaces drilling tool, utilize impact drill in basement rock and Karst Cave Formation
Tool carries out full-face drilling, reaches design hole depth and requires to terminate；
S3：Basement rock and Karst Cave Formation cleaning bottom of hole：It pulls out of hole and replaces drilling rod and drill bit and led using grouting conduit under percussive drill
Hollow alloy bit is installed in pipe lower end, is drilled down into cleaning bottom of hole, while landwaste and collapsing charges in flushing hole, until designing hole
It is deep；
S4：Basement rock and Karst Cave Formation grouting：Using conduit and hollow alloy bit as rockfill grouting equipment, from the bottom to top
Packer grouting is until sleeve bottom；
S5：Blanket grouting：The casing to follow up when being crept into using coating is as grouting equipment, from the bottom to top packer grouting
Until aperture；
S6：Sealing of hole：Seal treatment is carried out to aperture.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme：
In step sl, basement rock 1m is goed deep into drilling terminates, and aperture is not less than Φ 150mm.
In step s 2, aperture is between Φ 130mm to Φ 150mm.
In step s3, after cleaning bottom of hole hole depth error be less than 20cm, duct wall thickness be greater than 3mm, aperture Φ 110mm extremely
Between Φ 130mm.
In step s 4, rockfill grouting material is cement mortar and pea gravel concreten.
In step s 5, grouting material is cement slurry and cement mortar.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows：
The Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum, sends out for multilayer karst cave under deep covering layer under coating of the invention
The complex geological condition educated carries out pipe-following drilling, full-face drilling, conduit cleaning bottom of hole using percussive drill according to Different Strata condition
The drilling mode combined, can it is fast, efficient, safe ground completion Completion of Drilling Hole construction, largely reduce complex karst
The drilling accident on stratum, can to avoid multiple drilling, cleaning bottom of hole can not pore-forming problem, using grouting conduit as cleaning bottom of hole drilling rod,
Process flow is simplified, construction cost and duration are saved.The rockfill grouting mode of conduit from bottom to top of the invention, process flow letter
It is single, easy to operate, often use cement using the artificial mixing backfill solution cavity of small-sized concrete mixer and concrete grouting pump scene
Mortar and pea gravel concreten can avoid the long distance transportation of backfilling material, can guarantee the continuity of grouting in this way, reduce material
Loss improves construction quality, and can be shortened the construction time again, save construction cost, improve construction efficiency；Meanwhile casing fills
Slurry is in the milk using protection casing, eliminates the worry of collapse hole in drilling and filling process, and grouting segment length is shorter, grouting pressure foot
Enough, smaller seepage channel is effectively perfused, and grouting effect is good.It is molten that the construction technology realizes the multilayer under deep covering layer
The stratum of hole development quickly carries out effective filling and blocking to bedrock leakage channel, carries out grouting to the stronger coating of permeability and squeezes
It is close, keep its cementing closely knit, improve the bearing capacity and non-deformability of coating, to form effective antiseepage curtain body together, prevents
Infiltration works well, and can be suitable for large-scale seepage prevention of cofferdam and reservoir area water storage foundation construction, be particularly suitable in cofferdam fast blockage
It is used in engineering.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the construction schematic diagram of the Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating of the present invention.
Each label indicates in figure：
1, casing；2, conduit.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below with reference to Figure of description and specific embodiment.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, under coating of the present invention solution cavity development stratum Seepage method a kind of embodiment,
Include the following steps：
S1：Coating drills with pipe：It is crept into clay and severely-weathered coating using percussive drill eccentric drilling device, while benefit
Hole wall is protected with the follow-up of casing 1；
S2：Basement rock and the drilling of Karst Cave Formation tunneling boring：It pulls out of hole and replaces drilling tool, utilize impact drill in basement rock and Karst Cave Formation
Tool carries out full-face drilling, reaches design hole depth and requires to terminate；
S3：Basement rock and Karst Cave Formation cleaning bottom of hole：It pulls out of hole and replaces drilling rod and drill bit and led using grouting conduit 2 under percussive drill
Hollow alloy bit is installed in 2 lower end of pipe, is drilled down into cleaning bottom of hole, while landwaste and collapsing charges in flushing hole, until designing hole
It is deep；
S4：Basement rock and Karst Cave Formation grouting：Using conduit 2 and hollow alloy bit as rockfill grouting equipment, by down toward
Upper packer grouting is until 1 bottom of casing；
S5：Blanket grouting：The casing 1 to follow up when being crept into using coating is as grouting equipment, and segmentation fills from the bottom to top
Slurry is until aperture；
S6：Sealing of hole：Seal treatment is carried out to aperture.
The Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum, sends out for multilayer karst cave under deep covering layer under coating of the invention
The complex geological condition educated carries out pipe-following drilling, full-face drilling, conduit 2 using percussive drill according to Different Strata condition and sweeps
The drilling mode that hole combines, can fast, efficient, safe ground the construction of completion Completion of Drilling Hole, largely reduce complicated rock
The drilling accident on molten stratum, can to avoid multiple drilling, cleaning bottom of hole can not pore-forming problem, bored using grouting conduit 2 as cleaning bottom of hole
Bar simplifies process flow, saves construction cost and duration.2 rockfill grouting mode of conduit from bottom to top of the invention, technique stream
Journey is simple and convenient to operate, is common using the artificial mixing backfill solution cavity of small-sized concrete mixer and concrete grouting pump scene
Cement mortar and pea gravel concreten can avoid the long distance transportation of backfilling material, can guarantee the continuity of grouting in this way, reduce material
The loss of material improves construction quality, and can be shortened the construction time again, save construction cost, improve construction efficiency；Meanwhile benefit
It is in the milk with protection casing 1, eliminates the worry of collapse hole in drilling and filling process, grouting segment length is shorter, and grouting pressure is enough,
Smaller seepage channel is effectively perfused, and grouting effect is good.The construction technology realizes the multilayer karst cave under deep covering layer
The stratum of development quickly carries out effective filling and blocking to bedrock leakage channel, carries out grouting to the stronger coating of permeability and squeezes
It is close, keep its cementing closely knit, improve the bearing capacity and non-deformability of coating, to form effective antiseepage curtain body together, prevents
Infiltration works well, and can be suitable for large-scale seepage prevention of cofferdam and reservoir area water storage foundation construction, be particularly suitable in cofferdam fast blockage
It is used in engineering.
In the present embodiment, in step sl, by construction drawing requirement field lofting, after levelling of the land, percussive drill is corrected, it is right
Coating carries out pipe-following drilling, and the follow-up retaining wall of casing 1, basement rock 1m is goed deep into drilling to be terminated, and aperture is not less than Φ 150mm.
In the present embodiment, in step s 2, aperture is between Φ 130mm to Φ 150mm.
In the present embodiment, in step s3, impact drill pulls out of hole, and replaces drilling rod and drill bit, is led using grouting under percussive drill
Pipe 2,2 lower end of conduit install hollow alloy bit, are drilled down into cleaning bottom of hole, while landwaste and collapsing charges in flushing hole, until
Design hole depth, hole depth error is less than 20cm after cleaning bottom of hole, and 2 pipe thickness of conduit is greater than 3mm, aperture Φ 110mm to Φ 130mm it
Between.
In the present embodiment, in step s 4, using hole sweep drilling tool and hollow alloy bit as rockfill grouting conduit, backfill
Grouting material is cement mortar, pea gravel concreten, and according to different geologic requirements, strength of cement mortar is not preferably less than M15, and consistency is suitable
100mm~120mm is controlled, pea gravel concreten intensity is not preferably less than C15, and the partial size of the microlith in pea gravel concreten is preferably less than
10mm, the slump preferably control 240mm~260mm.50cm will be pulled out on the grouting conduit 2 of cleaning bottom of hole to bottom hole, by grouting conduit 2 to
Rockfill grouting in hole, is analyzed according to borehole data, to the section time that there is empty solution cavity or leakage passage, directly backfill microlith coagulation
Soil, grouting pressure are not preferably less than 1MPa, and when pea gravel concreten obviously fills not into stratum, transformation cement injection mortar is filled
Note, is persistently reduced to mortar injection, until continuing perfusion, preferably less than 10min terminates when being lower than 10L/min.This section has been in the milk
Cheng Hou measures dead band depth in grouting conduit 2, measures again after 10~20min of interval, if the difference for measuring dead band depth twice is big
In 1m, continue 5~10min of perfusion mortar, duplicate measurements and perfusion, until the difference of dead band depth is less than 1m, this section can be terminated
Grouting.If there is no empty solution cavity or leakage passage, direct cement injection mortars for the section time, until meeting the requirements end.It pulls out
Before grouting conduit 2, hole depth in grouting conduit 2 is measured, determines that conduit 2 gos deep into depth in concrete or mortar, tube drawing length is necessary
Shorter than conduit 2 gos deep into depth in concrete or mortar, it is ensured that the outlet of conduit 2 is located in concrete or mortar, and every tube drawing one is surveyed
A pipe orifice depth is measured, tube drawing length is not preferably greater than 3.0m every section time.
In the present embodiment, in step s 5, the protection casing 1 to follow up when being crept into using coating is in the milk, injection material
Material is cement slurry, cement mortar, after 2 rockfill grouting of basement rock inner catheter, rises and pulls out casing 1, from bottom to up grouting paragraph by paragraph, by
Collapse hole is easy after tube drawing, each grouting segment length cannot be too long, depending on the stable case on stratum, generally no greater than 3.0m.
In other embodiments, it can also rise and pull out grouting conduit 2 to contact-segment section bottom top 50cm, packer is installed to contact
Duan Jinhang grouting.
In the present embodiment, after the perfusion of whole hole is completed, using 2 slip casting method sealing of hole of conduit, aperture section drying shrinkage part after sealing of hole,
Aperture laitance and sewage etc. first are blown off with high-pressure blast, then closely knit with cement mortar filling.Backfill sealing of hole, which must assure that in hole, to be backfilled
Expect that packing itself is compacted, backfill material is combined closely with hole wall, cave of not boxing out, water-tight.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, however, it is not intended to limit the invention.It is any to be familiar with ability
The technical staff in domain, without deviating from the scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, all using the technology contents pair of the disclosure above
Technical solution of the present invention makes many possible changes and modifications or equivalent example modified to equivalent change.Therefore, all
Without departing from the content of technical solution of the present invention, according to the present invention technical spirit any simple modification made to the above embodiment,
Equivalent variations and modification, all shall fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
S1：Coating drills with pipe：It is crept into clay and severely-weathered coating using percussive drill eccentric drilling device, while utilizing set
Pipe（1）Hole wall is protected in follow-up；
S2：Basement rock and the drilling of Karst Cave Formation tunneling boring：Pull out of hole and replace drilling tool, basement rock and Karst Cave Formation using churn drilling tools into
Row full-face drilling reaches design hole depth and requires to terminate；
S3：Basement rock and Karst Cave Formation cleaning bottom of hole：It pulls out of hole and replaces drilling rod and drill bit, utilize grouting conduit under percussive drill（2）, conduit
（2）Hollow alloy bit is installed in lower end, is drilled down into cleaning bottom of hole, while landwaste and collapsing charges in flushing hole, until designing hole
It is deep；
S4：Basement rock and Karst Cave Formation grouting：Utilize conduit（2）And hollow alloy bit is as rockfill grouting equipment, from the bottom to top
Packer grouting is until casing（1）Bottom；
S5：Blanket grouting：The casing to follow up when being crept into using coating（1）As grouting equipment, from the bottom to top packer grouting
Until aperture；
S6：Sealing of hole：Seal treatment is carried out to aperture.
2. the Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step
In S1, basement rock 1m is goed deep into drilling to be terminated, and aperture is not less than Φ 150mm.
3. the Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In step
In S2, aperture is between Φ 130mm to Φ 150mm.
4. the Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：In step
In S3, hole depth error is less than 20cm, conduit after cleaning bottom of hole（2）Pipe thickness be greater than 3mm, aperture Φ 110mm to Φ 130mm it
Between.
5. the Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：In step
In S4, rockfill grouting material is cement mortar and pea gravel concreten.
6. the Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：In step
In S5, grouting material is cement slurry and cement mortar.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610705475.XA CN106320354B (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | The Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610705475.XA CN106320354B (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | The Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106320354A CN106320354A (en) | 2017-01-11 |
| CN106320354B true CN106320354B (en) | 2018-11-30 |
Family
ID=57741934
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610705475.XA Active CN106320354B (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | The Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106320354B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106837411B (en) * | 2017-02-04 | 2020-04-03 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Arrangement structure and method for filling and grouting of deep-buried shield tunnel |
| CN109667537B (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2020-06-30 | 湖北中南勘察基础工程有限公司 | Drilling process for surveying and filling pebble soil karst cave |
| CN108729438B (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2021-01-08 | 湖南宏禹工程集团有限公司 | Treatment method for karst area channel |
| CN109779680A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-21 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of buried Coal Under ore goaf grout hole plasm stopping technique of strong artesian aquifer |
| CN112031706B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-04-29 | 北京大地高科地质勘查有限公司 | Efficient grouting equipment for plugging horizontal well cracks |
| CN112282638B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2023-06-09 | 中国水利水电第九工程局有限公司 | Construction method for backfilling and grouting of drilling hole with pipe |
| CN112942307B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-10-25 | 山东大学 | Loose soil layer grouting reinforcement method and coastal karst area grouting reinforcement method |
| CN114808957A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-29 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | Construction method for forming holes in bridge pile foundation in karst area |
| CN116290123B (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-08-04 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队(山东省地矿工程勘察院) | Device and method for preventing soil layer above bedrock hole from collapsing |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6834720B1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2004-12-28 | Sandia Corporation | Method and apparatus for injecting particulate media into the ground |
| CN203487528U (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-03-19 | 中铁二十局集团有限公司 | Underground river karst cave treatment structure for underwater pier drilled pile construction in beaded type karst area |
-
2016
- 2016-08-23 CN CN201610705475.XA patent/CN106320354B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6834720B1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2004-12-28 | Sandia Corporation | Method and apparatus for injecting particulate media into the ground |
| CN203487528U (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-03-19 | 中铁二十局集团有限公司 | Underground river karst cave treatment structure for underwater pier drilled pile construction in beaded type karst area |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 灌浆技术在客运专线桥梁岩溶路基中的应用;张玉浩等;《科协论坛》;20131225(第12期);第1-9节 * |
| 灌浆技术在涌水溶洞处理中的应用;汤德刚;《岩石力学与工程学报》;20061230;第25卷;第1-4节 * |
| 锦屏二级水电站F6大断层隧洞施工方案;曲长林等;《水利水电技术》;20110520;第42卷(第5期);第1-5节 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106320354A (en) | 2017-01-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106320354B (en) | The Seepage method on solution cavity development stratum under coating | |
| AU2020101047A4 (en) | Method for filling underground cavity in bedrock by grouting and hydraulic filling device | |
| CN107288657B (en) | The weak cementing rock mass seepage failure area slip casting integrated control method of top of underground | |
| CN103603689B (en) | Curtain grouting construction method for treating mined-out areas | |
| CN108060908A (en) | Water-rich sand layer long range horizontal orientation drilling grouting and reinforcing technology under groups of building | |
| CN103089275A (en) | Control method of surrounding rocks in water-rich very-broken surrounding rock tunnel collapse sections | |
| CN101525881B (en) | Structure of karst strata pile holes protecting wall and method for constructing pile holes | |
| CN102787602A (en) | Curtain grouting technique | |
| CN107605498A (en) | Rich water sand-pebble layer shield tunnel termination horizontal grouting ruggedized construction construction method | |
| CN103437339A (en) | Construction method for sealing karst cave near trench wall of underground continuous wall in karst stratum | |
| CN104831705A (en) | Ultra-deep hole grouting method during underground excavation of tunnel | |
| CN104790982B (en) | A kind of bored tunnel superdeep holes grouting sleeve shell material | |
| CN108867673A (en) | A kind of underwater prevention method in the foundation pit based on the curtain that draws water | |
| CN103572764A (en) | Watertight structure for retaining wall of ultra-deep manually excavated pile and construction method thereof | |
| CN101705788B (en) | Construction method using blowout plug to shield oblique drilling hole | |
| CN107178077A (en) | Overburden layer grouting and reinforcing structure and its design method on a kind of karst area solution cavity | |
| CN107060821A (en) | A kind of many lithology method for protecting support of face | |
| CN105019913A (en) | Base rock uplift region shielding tool-changing in-situ reinforcement method | |
| CN107524455A (en) | Multistage densification formula mini-valve tube and its grouting method | |
| CN207406345U (en) | Rich water sand-pebble layer shield tunnel end horizontal grouting ruggedized construction | |
| CN109555140A (en) | Foundation pit and Tunnel Base spring pump drainage method for blocking and device | |
| CN203161250U (en) | Deep hole grouting reinforcing system for tunnel | |
| CN106638606B (en) | A kind of quick grouting method of deep covering layer | |
| CN110485444B (en) | Construction method for seepage prevention and reinforcement of deepwater cofferdam | |
| CN106013177B (en) | A kind of pile foundation meets the processing method and plugging structure of karst into hole drill |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |