CN116290123B - Device and method for preventing soil layer above bedrock hole from collapsing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of soil layer collapse prevention, in particular to a device and a method for preventing soil layer collapse above bedrock holes. It comprises the following steps: the main pipe is vertically arranged in a working hole drilled in the soil layer in advance, and the bottom end of the main pipe extends into a hole communicated with the working hole in the rock layer; the telescopic tube groups are uniformly distributed in a plurality of groups around the main tube, are obliquely downwards distributed along the direction far away from the main tube, and comprise a plurality of side tubes which are sequentially connected in a sliding manner and gradually reduced in diameter and are distributed along the direction far away from the main tube, the side tube with the largest diameter is communicated with the main tube, and a plurality of injection holes are uniformly distributed on the side tube; the oblique drilling device comprises a drill bit mechanism which can extend out and be abutted against the lowest side pipe in the telescopic pipe group, and a driving device for driving the drill bit mechanism to move to the inner side of the telescopic pipe group or move out of the inner side of the telescopic pipe group; a hanging device; and (5) a grouting device. The invention can manufacture a cover-shaped reinforcement supporting structure so as to enlarge the bearing range and bearing stability of the soil layer and cover the holes of the rock stratum.

Description

Device and method for preventing soil layer above bedrock hole from collapsing

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of soil layer collapse prevention, in particular to a device and a method for preventing soil layer collapse above bedrock holes.

Background

For holes in the subterranean formation, groundwater penetrating or flowing into the holes may occur, the groundwater may spread upward and contact the upper soil layer, and the soil of the soil layer may become soft and collapse into the holes of the lower formation under the immersion of the groundwater, eventually resulting in subsidence of the upper surface.

The Chinese patent publication No. CN105064366A discloses a high-pressure jet grouting follow-up pipe structure in anti-seepage construction and a construction method thereof, the high-pressure jet grouting follow-up pipe structure comprises a covering layer, a drilling hole and a bedrock, wherein the covering layer is covered on the bedrock, the drilling hole is formed in the covering layer, a PVC sleeve is arranged in the drilling hole, and the anti-seepage body construction is completed through the working procedures of pipe preparation, drilling, cleaning, grouting and the like. According to the technical scheme, the sleeve made of the common material is easy to crush due to the material or the structure of the sleeve, the sleeve is directly crushed and mixed with slurry during high-pressure jet grouting, and the sleeve becomes a part of an anti-seepage body and plays a role in anti-seepage.

However, in the above scheme, for the anti-seepage body finally formed by the slurry and the broken sleeve, the anti-seepage body is in a cylindrical structure which is generally vertically distributed, the range of outward diffusion of the slurry is limited, and then the bearing range of the anti-seepage body finally formed on the covering layer is limited, and the bearing stability effect is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at solving the problems in the background art and provides a device and a method for preventing soil layer collapse above bedrock holes, wherein a cover-shaped reinforcement support structure can be manufactured, so that the bearing range and bearing stability of a soil layer are enlarged, and the holes of a rock stratum can be covered.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a device for preventing collapse of a soil layer above a bedrock hole, comprising:

the main pipe is vertically arranged in a working hole drilled in the soil layer in advance, and the bottom end of the main pipe extends into a hole communicated with the working hole in the rock layer;

the telescopic tube groups are uniformly distributed in a plurality of groups around the main tube, are obliquely downwards distributed along the direction far away from the main tube, and comprise a plurality of side tubes which are sequentially connected in a sliding manner and gradually reduced in diameter and are distributed along the direction far away from the main tube, the side tube with the largest diameter is communicated with the main tube, one end of the side tube far away from the main tube is coaxially provided with a limiting ring part along the radial inward direction, the other end of the side tube is coaxially provided with a baffle ring part along the radial outward direction, and a plurality of injection holes are uniformly distributed on the side tube;

the oblique drilling device is in annular uniform distribution and is in one-to-one correspondence with the telescopic pipe groups, and comprises a drill bit mechanism which can extend out and be abutted on the lowest side pipe in the telescopic pipe groups and a driving device for driving the drill bit mechanism to move to the inner side of the telescopic pipe groups or move out of the inner side of the telescopic pipe groups, so that oblique pipe penetrating holes are drilled in soil layers and rock strata;

The lifting device can be coaxially supported on the inner wall of the main pipe and is used for lifting the inclined drilling device to the height of the drill bit mechanism, which is aligned with the communication position of the main pipe and the side pipe;

the grouting device can be coaxially supported on the inner wall of the main pipe after the inclined drilling device and the hanging device are withdrawn from the working hole, and is provided with a grouting pipe a for grouting the telescopic pipe group and a grouting pipe b for grouting the inner wall of the stratum hole and the inner wall of the main pipe.

Preferably, the drill bit mechanism comprises a drill bit main body, a plate-shaped drill bit, a movable driving mechanism a, a hinging seat and a power device a, wherein the drill bit main body is of a rotary structure, the maximum diameter of the drill bit main body is smaller than the inner diameter of a limiting ring part on the lowest side pipe in the telescopic pipe group, a containing groove for containing the plate-shaped drill bit is formed in the drill bit main body, the outline of the outer end of the plate-shaped drill bit is matched with the outline of a notch of the containing groove, the bottom end of the plate-shaped drill bit is hinged with the drill bit main body through the hinging seat, a plurality of drilling and grinding bosses are formed in the outer end of the plate-shaped drill bit, a groove is formed in the inner side surface of the plate-shaped drill bit, two ends of the movable driving mechanism a are respectively connected to the inner wall of the containing groove and the inner wall of the groove in a rotating mode, the power device a comprises a power source and a shell, the power source is arranged in the shell, the power source is in driving connection with the drill bit main body, a guide inclined plane is arranged at the outer edge of the bottom end of the shell, and the shell is abutted to the limiting ring part on the lowest side pipe in the telescopic pipe through the guide inclined plane.

Preferably, the driving device comprises two groups of chain mechanisms which are symmetrically distributed and a station adjustable driving device for driving the two groups of chain mechanisms to synchronously extend or wind; the chain mechanism comprises a connecting frame, a chain mechanism, a chain wheel and a chain winding roller for winding the chain mechanism, one end of the connecting frame is connected with the shell, the other end of the connecting frame is connected with one end of the chain mechanism, the chain mechanism is wound on the chain wheel, the other end of the chain mechanism is connected with the chain winding roller, baffle plates extending along the radial direction are arranged at the two axial ends of the chain winding roller, and the parts, which are mutually abutted between the chain wheel and the connecting frame, of the two groups of chain mechanisms are in an inclined straight line shape.

Preferably, the chain mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of chain components, each group of chain components comprises an abutting frame, two connecting rollers and two connecting plates, the connecting frames are fixedly connected with the abutting frame at the bottom end of the chain mechanism, the connecting rollers penetrate through the abutting frame and are rotationally connected with the abutting frame, the two connecting rollers are distributed side by side along the radial direction, the connecting plates are rotationally connected with two adjacent connecting rollers in the two adjacent groups of chain components, a space for clamping teeth on a chain wheel is formed between any two adjacent connecting rollers in the same group of chain mechanism, the two connecting plates are distributed on the outer side of the abutting frame, the abutting frame is provided with an abutting surface, a bearing surface, an arc-shaped surface and an abutting surface, the bearing surface is a plane, the bearing surface and the abutting surface are distributed, and the bearing surface is positioned at the lower end of a ladder;

In the same group of chain mechanisms, the abutting surface of one abutting frame abuts against the bearing surface of the adjacent abutting frame;

in the two groups of chain mechanisms, two opposite abutting frames are abutted through abutting surfaces.

Preferably, the device also comprises a communication module, a control terminal and a number of turns sensor for detecting the number of turns of the sprocket wheel, wherein the number of turns sensor is in communication connection with the communication module, the communication module is in communication connection with the control terminal, and the control terminal is in control connection with the drill bit mechanism and the driving device respectively; presetting that the distance from the junction between the rock stratum and the soil layer in the drilling direction of the drill bit mechanism to the drilling end point in the drilling layer is M, the rotation number of the chain wheel is n, the number of teeth of the chain wheel is z, the wheelbase of two adjacent connecting rollers in the same group of chain mechanisms is p, the position of the inclined drilling device when being lifted to the height of the main pipe aligned with the side pipe communication position of the drill bit mechanism is the initial position of the drill bit mechanism, the distance from the drill bit mechanism to the bottom end of the operation hole is H, the bottom end of the operation hole is the junction between the rock stratum and the soil layer, the inclination angle of the pipe penetrating hole is alpha, and the distance from the initial position of the drill bit mechanism to the junction between the rock stratum and the soil layer in the drilling direction is M, so that:

from the two formulas above:。

preferably, the station adjustable driving device comprises a gear e, a power device b, a movable driving mechanism b, a mounting cover and two groups of symmetrically distributed transmission mechanisms, wherein each transmission mechanism comprises a gear a, a rotation shaft a, a gear b, a rotation shaft b, a gear c, a rotation shaft c, a gear d and a rotation shaft d; in the two groups of transmission mechanisms, two gears b are in meshed connection, and two gears d are in meshed connection; the movable driving mechanism b is arranged on the mounting cover, the output end of the movable driving mechanism b is connected with the power device b, the power device b is in driving connection with the gear e, the gear e is in meshed connection with the gear a or the gear d, the chain wheel and the gear a are coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft a, the gear a is in meshed connection with the gear b, the gear b is arranged on the rotating shaft b, the chain winding roller and the gear c are coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft c, the gear c is in meshed connection with the gear d, the gear d is arranged on the rotating shaft d, and the rotating shaft a, the rotating shaft b, the rotating shaft c and the rotating shaft d are all rotationally arranged in the mounting cover; the bottom of the mounting cover is provided with a channel for the chain mechanism to pass through, a carrier roller is rotatably arranged at the channel, and the carrier roller is supported at the inclined lower side of the inclined chain mechanism.

Preferably, the inner wall of the main pipe is vertically provided with guide strips, and a plurality of guide strips are uniformly distributed around the central shaft of the main pipe; the lifting device comprises rolling assemblies, a lifting mechanism and a mounting frame, wherein the rolling assemblies are uniformly arranged in a ring shape and are in one-to-one correspondence with the guide strips, each rolling assembly comprises a roller a and a wheel frame a, a rolling groove a capable of being clamped on the guide strips is formed in each roller a, each roller a is rotatably arranged on each wheel frame a, the rollers a are arranged side by side in the vertical direction, each wheel frame a is arranged on the lifting mechanism, the mounting frame is arranged at the bottom of the lifting mechanism, and the mounting cover is arranged on the mounting frame.

Preferably, the inner wall of the main pipe is vertically provided with guide strips, and a plurality of guide strips are uniformly distributed around the central shaft of the main pipe; the grouting device is uniformly provided with a plurality of groups of positioning guide assemblies in a circular ring shape, the positioning guide assemblies are in one-to-one correspondence with the guide strips, each positioning guide assembly comprises a roller b and a wheel frame b, each roller b is provided with a roller groove b which can be clamped on the guide strip, each roller b is rotatably arranged on each wheel frame b, each roller b is arranged in a plurality of side by side along the vertical direction, and each wheel frame b is arranged on the grouting device.

Preferably, the upper part of the operation hole is sleeved with a protective tube, the protective tube is supported on the top surface of the soil layer, and the peripheral surface of the protective tube is abutted against the inner wall of the operation hole; the main pipe comprises a main pipe part, an expanding pipe part and a exploring pipe part which are coaxially connected in sequence from top to bottom, the main pipe part is communicated with the side pipe, the outer diameter of the expanding pipe part is larger than that of the main pipe part and that of the exploring pipe part, the outer diameter of the expanding pipe part is smaller than that of the protecting pipe, the bottom end of the expanding pipe part is abutted to the bottom of the working hole, and the exploring pipe part extends into a hole of a rock stratum; the distance from the outermost end of the telescopic tube group in the contracted state to the central axis of the main tube part is smaller than that of the protective tube.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preventing collapse of a soil layer above a bedrock hole, which is implemented by using the device for preventing collapse of a soil layer above a bedrock hole, and the method comprises the following steps:

s1, drilling a working hole on a soil layer in advance by using a drilling machine to the top surface of the rock layer so as to be communicated with the top of a hole in the rock layer;

s2, hanging the main pipe into the operation hole, wherein the bottom end of the main pipe extends into a hole of the rock stratum, and the telescopic pipe group moves downwards along with the main pipe;

s3, using a lifting device to lift the inclined drilling device into the main pipe until a drill bit mechanism in the inclined drilling device is aligned to the communication position of the main pipe and the side pipe, and maintaining the inclined drilling device at the height by the lifting device;

s4, driving a drill bit mechanism to move into the telescopic pipe set through a driving device, wherein the drill bit mechanism extends out of the bottommost side pipe in the telescopic pipe set and is abutted to a limiting ring part on the side pipe;

s5, starting the drill bit mechanism, and continuously driving the drill bit mechanism to move by the driving device, drilling the drill bit mechanism in the soil layer, and driving the telescopic pipe group to gradually extend until the drill bit mechanism drills into the stratum;

s6, turning off the drill bit mechanism, driving the drill bit mechanism to reversely move through the driving device, enabling the drill bit mechanism to pass through the telescopic pipe group and move to an initial position, and enabling the telescopic pipe group to be positioned in the pipe penetrating hole;

S7, lifting the inclined drilling device upwards from the main pipe through the lifting device;

s8, a grouting device is communicated with high-pressure pouring foaming equipment on the ground surface, the grouting device is hoisted into a main pipe, the grouting device is coaxially supported on the inner wall of the main pipe, the high-pressure pouring foaming equipment is conveyed by the grouting pipe a and the grouting pipe b, the expandable and concreted polyurethane foam is ejected out, the grouting pipe a conveys polyurethane foam into a telescopic pipe group, the polyurethane foam diffuses into a soil layer and a rock stratum through jet holes on a side pipe and forms a radial concreting protection layer a, the polyurethane foam forms a concreting protection layer b in the telescopic pipe group, a concreting protection layer c is formed on the inner wall of the hole, after the concreting protection layer a, the concreting protection layer b and the concreting protection layer c are formed, the grouting pipe b is upwards moved, in the upwards moving process, the polyurethane foam forms a concreting protection layer d in the main pipe from bottom to top, the concreting protection layer a, the concreting protection layer b and the concreting protection layer c are sequentially connected with the main pipe group and the telescopic pipe group, and a cover-shaped reinforcing support structure is formed above the holes and the holes of the rock stratum;

S9, backfilling and compacting soil into the working hole of the soil layer until the soil is level with the ground surface.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention can drill holes in soil layer and rock stratum obliquely, extend the telescopic tube into the drilled perforating hole, and conveniently retract the drill bit mechanism. After drilling is finished, grouting is performed on the hole of the rock stratum and the upper portion of the hole through a grouting device, a grouting pipe a and a grouting pipe b, expansion and solidification polyurethane foam is sprayed on the hole, a solidification protective layer is formed in a plurality of areas, a main pipe and a telescopic pipe group are completely reserved, a cover-shaped reinforcement supporting structure is formed together with the solidification protective layer, on one hand, the upper portion of the hole can be plugged, direct contact between groundwater in the hole of the rock stratum and a soil layer above the hole is avoided, on the other hand, soil above the hole can be supported in a bearing mode, and the soil collapse condition is effectively prevented.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of an embodiment of the present invention when drilling holes obliquely;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the grouting structure according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of a protective tube and a main tube;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the drill mechanism as it drills;

fig. 8 is an enlarged view of the structure at C in fig. 7;

FIG. 9 is a partial schematic view of a structure for driving movement of the drill bit mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the abutment frame when abutted;

FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the structure of FIG. 10;

fig. 12 is a geometric diagram of the drilling distance of the drill bit mechanism.

Reference numerals: 100. a rock formation; 200. a soil layer; 1. a protective tube; 2. a main pipe; 201. a side pipe a; 202. a side pipe b; 203. a side pipe c; 3. a guide bar; 4. a roller a; 5. a wheel carrier a; 6. a hanging mechanism; 7. a mounting frame; 8. a mounting cover; 9. a bit body; 901. a storage groove; 10. a plate-shaped drill bit; 101. a groove; 11. a movement driving mechanism a; 12. a hinge base; 13. a power plant a; 14. a connecting frame; 15. a connecting roller; 16. the abutting frame; 161. a tightening surface; 162. a receiving surface; 163. an arc surface; 164. an abutment surface; 17. a connecting plate; 18. a sprocket; 19. a gear a; 20. a rotating shaft a; 21. a gear b; 22. a rotation shaft b; 23. a chain roller; 24. a gear c; 25. a rotation shaft c; 26. a gear d; 27. a rotation shaft d; 28. a gear e; 29. a power unit b; 30. a movement driving mechanism b; 31. a grouting device; 32. grouting a pipe a; 33. grouting a pipe b; 34. a roller b; 35. and a wheel carrier b.

Detailed Description

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 12, the device for preventing the soil layer above the bedrock hole from collapsing provided in this embodiment includes a main pipe 2, a telescopic pipe group, an inclined drilling device, a hanging device, a grouting device 31, a communication module, a control terminal and a turn number sensor.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the main pipe 2 is vertically disposed in a working hole bored in advance in the soil layer 200, and the bottom end of the main pipe 2 extends into a hole communicating with the working hole in the rock layer 100.

As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the telescopic tube groups are uniformly distributed in a plurality of groups around the main tube 2, and the telescopic tube groups are distributed obliquely downwards along the direction away from the main tube 2. The telescopic tube group comprises a plurality of side tubes which are distributed along the direction far away from the main tube 2, are sequentially connected in a sliding mode and gradually reduced in diameter, the side tube with the largest diameter is communicated with the main tube 2, a limiting ring portion is coaxially arranged at one end, far away from the main tube 2, of the side tube in the radial inward direction, a baffle ring portion is coaxially arranged at the other end of the side tube in the radial outward direction, and a plurality of injection holes are uniformly distributed on the side tube. The side pipes can be steel pipes or PVC plastic pipes. As shown in fig. 7, the three side pipes are a side pipe a201, a side pipe b202 and a side pipe c203 in sequence, the side pipe a201 is communicated with the main pipe 2, the side pipe b202 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the side pipe a201, the side pipe c203 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the side pipe b202, and a limiting ring part on the side pipe a201 can limit the side pipe b202 through a blocking ring part on the side pipe b202, so that the side pipe b202 is prevented from slipping from the side pipe a 201. Similarly, side tube c203 does not slip off side tube b 202. The stop collar on side tube c203 can abut against the housing in power unit a13, which can pass through side tube a201 and side tube b202 in sequence and into side tube c 203. The number of the side pipes can be flexibly adjusted, and when the drilling distance along the oblique direction is longer, more side pipes can be arranged, so that the extensible length can be prolonged. In addition, the telescopic pipe group can also set up the multiunit along vertical direction, and accessible drill bit mechanism carries out the drilling of the telescopic pipe group orientation of different high departments in proper order this moment, and when final grout, can obtain the multilayer and concreties the inoxidizing coating, further improves the bearing effect to the soil of top.

The slant drilling devices are uniformly distributed in a ring shape and are in a plurality of groups, the slant drilling devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the telescopic pipe groups, and each slant drilling device comprises a drill bit mechanism which can extend out and be abutted on the lowest side pipe in the telescopic pipe group, and a driving device which is used for driving the drill bit mechanism to move to the inner side of the telescopic pipe group or move out of the inner side of the telescopic pipe group, so that slant pipe penetrating holes are drilled in the soil layer 200 and the rock stratum 100, and the predicted drilling direction is indicated by dotted lines along the axial direction of the telescopic pipe group as shown in fig. 1 and 2. The plurality of side pipes move along with the drill bit mechanism, and the plurality of side pipes are positioned in the pipe penetrating holes after the drill bit mechanism finishes drilling and returns to reset.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the drill mechanism includes a drill main body 9, a plate-shaped drill 10, a movement driving mechanism a11, a hinge seat 12 and a power device a13, the drill main body 9 is in a rotary structure, the maximum diameter of the drill main body 9 is smaller than the inner diameter of a limiting ring part on the lowest side pipe in the telescopic pipe group, a containing groove 901 for containing the plate-shaped drill 10 is formed in the drill main body 9, the outline of the outer end of the plate-shaped drill 10 is matched with the outline of the notch of the containing groove 901, the bottom end of the plate-shaped drill 10 is hinged with the drill main body 9 through the hinge seat 12, a plurality of drilling bosses (not shown) are arranged at the outer end of the plate-shaped drill 10 and can drill with a soil layer 200 and a rock layer 100 in rotation, a groove 101 is formed in the inner side surface of the plate-shaped drill 10, two ends of the movement driving mechanism a11 are respectively connected to the inner wall of the containing groove 901 and the inner wall of the groove 101 in a rotary structure capable of performing linear telescopic operation, such as an air cylinder or an oil cylinder. The power device a13 comprises a power source and a shell, wherein the power source is arranged in the shell and is in driving connection with the drill bit main body 9, a guide inclined plane is arranged at the outer edge of the bottom end of the shell, the shell is abutted on a limiting ring part on the bottommost side pipe in the telescopic pipe group through the guide inclined plane, and the outer peripheral surface of the shell is in shape fit with and in sliding connection with the inner wall of the side pipe. As the drill mechanism moves downward, the housing may guide the movement of the drill mechanism through the guide ramp so that the drill mechanism eventually moves to the lowermost side tube. When the driving device drives the drill bit mechanism to move in the downward inclined direction, the drill bit main body 9 in the drill bit mechanism passes through the limiting ring part on the lowest side pipe until the shell in the drill bit mechanism is abutted against the limiting ring part of the lowest side pipe, at the moment, the plate-shaped drill bit 10 is driven to be unfolded outwards by the moving driving mechanism a11, and after the plate-shaped drill bit 10 is unfolded, the distance from the outermost end to the central shaft of the drill bit main body 9 is larger than the outer diameter of the side pipe with the largest diameter, so that a pipe penetrating hole for penetrating all the side pipes can be drilled through the plate-shaped drill bit 10. After the drilling is completed, the plate-shaped drill 10 is driven to rotate inward by the movement driving mechanism a11, and the plate-shaped drill 10 is retracted into the receiving groove 901. When the bit mechanism is required to move reversely for resetting, the bit body 9 and the plate bit 10 in the bit mechanism can pass through the limit ring part on the lowermost side tube, smoothly pass through the plurality of side tubes, and finally move to the initial position.

As shown in fig. 7-9, the driving device comprises two groups of chain mechanisms which are symmetrically distributed and a station adjustable driving device for driving the two groups of chain mechanisms to synchronously extend or roll; the chain mechanism comprises a connecting frame 14, a chain mechanism, a chain wheel 18 and a chain winding roller 23 for winding the chain mechanism, one end of the connecting frame 14 is connected with the shell, the other end of the connecting frame 14 is connected with one end of the chain mechanism, the chain mechanism is wound on the chain wheel 18, the other end of the chain mechanism is connected with the chain winding roller 23, the two axial ends of the chain winding roller 23 are provided with baffle parts extending along the radial direction, and the chain mechanism can be wound in a disc shape. The portions of the two sets of chain mechanisms abutting each other between the sprocket 18 and the connecting frame 14 are in the form of straight lines inclined obliquely downward, and the straight abutting portions interact without bending.

As shown in fig. 9-11, the chain mechanism includes a plurality of groups of chain components, each group of chain components includes an abutting frame 16, two connecting rollers 15 and two connecting plates 17, the connecting frame 14 is fixedly connected with the abutting frame 16 at the bottom end of the chain mechanism, the connecting rollers 15 penetrate through the abutting frame 16 and are rotationally connected with the abutting frame 16, the two connecting rollers 15 are distributed side by side along the radial direction, the connecting plates 17 are rotationally connected with two adjacent connecting rollers 15 in the adjacent two groups of chain components, a space for clamping teeth on the chain wheel 18 is formed between any two adjacent connecting rollers 15 in the same group of chain mechanism, the teeth are uniformly distributed in a plurality of around the central axis of the chain wheel 18, the adjacent two teeth are respectively clamped in the adjacent two spaces in the same group of chain mechanism, the chain wheel 18 can also play a role in supporting the chain components through the teeth, the two connecting plates 17 are distributed outside the abutting frame 16, the abutting frame 16 is provided with an abutting surface 161, a bearing surface 162, an arc-shaped surface and an abutting surface 164, the bearing surface 162 is a plane, the abutting surface 162 is in the shape of the arc-shaped curved surface, the step-shaped surface 162 is distributed at the lower end of the bearing surface 163. In the same set of chain mechanisms, the abutment surface 161 of one abutment frame 16 abuts against the receiving surface 162 of an adjacent abutment frame 16. In the two sets of chain mechanisms, the two opposing abutment brackets 16 abut via the abutment surfaces 164. When the two sets of chain mechanisms are gradually close and abutted, the abutting surface 161 of one abutting frame 16 in one set of chain mechanism abuts against the bearing surface 162 of the adjacent abutting frame 16 below, and the opposite abutting frames 16 in the two sets of chain mechanisms abut against each other through the abutting surface 164, so that the two adjacent abutting frames 16 in the one set of chain mechanisms can be prevented from bending towards the other set of chain mechanisms, and the mutual supporting and limiting effects can be achieved, and the abutting parts of the two sets of chain mechanisms between the chain wheels 18 and the connecting frames 14 are distributed in a straight line.

The two groups of chain mechanisms can drive the drill bit mechanism to move into the telescopic pipe group through the connecting frame 14, before moving to the inner side of the telescopic pipe group, the problem of slight deviation possibly caused by vibration or gravity center of the chain mechanism during operation of the device can be solved, the abutting parts of the two groups of chain mechanisms which are distributed in a straight line shape are slightly inclined, so that the drill bit mechanism and the central shaft of the telescopic pipe group are slightly misplaced in the coaxial direction, but because the drill bit mechanism is at the lowest end of the chain mechanism, the counterweight effect of the drill bit mechanism can ensure that the drill bit mechanism cannot generate larger direction misplacement, and the drill bit mechanism can still move to the inner side of the telescopic pipe group. Because the telescopic pipe group comprises a plurality of side pipes with diameters reduced in sequence along the downward inclination direction, after the drill bit mechanism enters the inner side of the telescopic pipe group, the position of the drill bit mechanism is limited, the straight line abutting part of the two groups of chain mechanisms can gradually incline towards the axial direction of the telescopic pipe group, and when the drill bit mechanism abuts against the limiting ring part on the lowest side pipe in the telescopic pipe group, the drill bit mechanism and the telescopic pipe group are coaxial. Then, the plate-shaped drill bit 10 of the drill bit mechanism can perform linear drilling, a plurality of side pipes in the telescopic pipe group gradually slide outwards, the plurality of side pipes correspondingly extend into the drilled pipe holes, the extending telescopic pipe group can also position and guide the drilling direction of the drill bit mechanism, interaction is achieved, drilling can be performed along the axial direction of the telescopic pipe group, and the telescopic pipe group can also be adaptively extended along with the drilling distance.

The two opposing abutment brackets 16 are also smoothly separated when the chain mechanism is wound up. The sprocket 18 serves to drive, guide and position the chain mechanism and to abut a portion of the two sets of chain mechanisms in a straight line. When the chain mechanism winds the chain wheel 18, two adjacent abutting frames 16 in one group of chain mechanisms can rotate in a direction away from the other group of chain mechanisms, and can be finally and regularly stored on the chain winding roller 23, so that the occupied space is small.

Magnets (not shown) with magnetic attraction can be arranged on any two opposite abutting frames 16, so that when the abutting frames 16 start to be close, the two abutting frames can be effectively aligned and attached, and the drill bit mechanism can be moved to the inner side of the telescopic tube group more conveniently.

As shown in fig. 7 and 9, the station-adjustable driving device comprises a gear e28, a power device b29, a moving driving mechanism b30, a mounting cover 8 and two symmetrically distributed transmission mechanisms, wherein the transmission mechanisms comprise a gear a19, a rotating shaft a20, a gear b21, a rotating shaft b22, a gear c24, a rotating shaft c25, a gear d26 and a rotating shaft d27; in the two groups of transmission mechanisms, two gears b21 are in meshed connection, and two gears d26 are in meshed connection; the movable driving mechanism b30 is arranged on the mounting cover 8, the output end of the movable driving mechanism b30 is connected with the power device b29, the movable driving mechanism b30 adopts a structure capable of realizing linear driving, such as a cylinder, an oil cylinder or an electric push rod, the power device b29 can adopt a speed reduction motor, the power device b29 is in driving connection with the gear e28, the gear e28 is in meshed connection with the gear a19 or the gear d26, the chain wheel 18 and the gear a19 are coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft a20, the gear a19 is in meshed connection with the gear b21, the gear b21 is arranged on the rotating shaft b22, the chain winding roller 23 and the gear c24 are coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft c25, the gear c24 is in meshed connection with the gear d26, the gear d26 is arranged on the rotating shaft d27, the rotating shaft a20, the rotating shaft b22, the rotating shaft c25 and the rotating shaft d27 are all rotatably arranged in the mounting cover 8, and the mounting cover 8 is lifted through the lifting device. The installation cover 8 bottom is provided with the passageway that supplies chain mechanism to pass, and passageway department rotates and is provided with bearing roller (not shown in the figure), and the bearing roller supports the oblique downside at the chain mechanism of slope, and when chain mechanism moved, the drive bearing roller rotated, and the bearing roller supports chain mechanism at the rotation in-process, further improves chain mechanism direction of movement's accuracy. The rollers are further arranged on the obliquely upper side and the two sides of the horizontal direction of the chain mechanism, so that the direction of movement of the chain mechanism is guided.

In the station-adjustable driving device, a moving driving mechanism b30 drives a power device b29 to move, so that a gear e28 is meshed with a gear a19, the power device b29 drives the gear e28 to rotate, the gear e28 drives the gear a19 to rotate, the gear a19 drives a driving chain wheel 18 to rotate through a rotating shaft a20, the gear a19 drives another gear a19 to rotate through two gears b21, the two gears a19 rotate in opposite directions, the other gear a19 drives the other chain wheel 18 to rotate through the other rotating shaft a20, the two chain wheels 18 respectively drive the two groups of chain mechanisms to move, the chain mechanisms are pulled out from a chain roller 23, the mutually abutted parts of the two groups of chain mechanisms are distributed in a straight line shape, the drill bit mechanism is pushed to move into a telescopic pipe group, and after a shell in the drill bit mechanism is abutted to a limiting ring part on a bottom side pipe, the drill bit mechanism can drill along the axial direction of the telescopic pipe group. When the chain mechanism is wound, the moving driving mechanism b30 drives the power device b29 to reversely move, so that the gear e28 is in meshed connection with the gear d26, the gear d26 drives one gear c24 and the other gear d26 to rotate, and finally, the two chain winding rollers 23 are driven to rotate in opposite directions through the two gears c24 and the two gears c 26 with opposite rotation directions, so that the chain mechanism is wound on the chain winding rollers 23.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, guide strips 3 are vertically arranged on the inner wall of the main pipe 2, and the guide strips 3 are uniformly distributed around the central axis of the main pipe 2. The lifting device can be coaxially supported on the inner wall of the main pipe 2, and is used for lifting the inclined drilling device to the height of the drill bit mechanism at the position where the main pipe 2 is aligned with the side pipe, at the moment, the lifting device can be used for moving the drill bit mechanism into the telescopic pipe group to prepare for inclined hole drilling operation, and driving the telescopic pipe group to extend into the drilled pipe hole. The hanging device comprises a rolling assembly, hanging mechanisms 6 and a mounting frame 7, wherein the rolling assembly is in a circular ring shape and is uniformly provided with a plurality of groups, the rolling assembly corresponds to the guide strips 3 one by one, the rolling assembly comprises a roller a4 and a wheel carrier a5, the roller a4 is provided with a roller groove a which can be clamped on the guide strips 3, the roller a4 is rotatably arranged on the wheel carrier a5, the roller a4 is arranged side by side along the vertical direction, the wheel carrier a5 is arranged on the hanging mechanisms 6, the roller a4 can roll on the guide strips 3 along the vertical direction through the roller groove a of the roller a4, and the guiding of the hanging mechanisms 6 can be realized. The mounting bracket 7 sets up in hanging mechanism 6 bottom, and the setting of installation cover 8 is on the mounting bracket 7, and multiunit slant drilling equipment can evenly distributed.

The number of turns sensor is used for detecting the number of turns that sprocket 18 rotates, and the number of turns sensor is connected with communication module communication, and communication module is connected with control terminal communication, and control terminal is connected with drill bit mechanism and drive arrangement control respectively. The travel distance of the chain mechanism, and thus the drill bit mechanism, can be determined by detecting the number of turns of the sprocket 18, and it can be determined whether the drill bit mechanism drills to a target position based on some known data, and drilling is stopped after drilling to the target position, the drill bit mechanism is retracted, and then a subsequent grouting operation is prepared. As shown in fig. 12, the distance from the junction of the rock stratum 100 and the soil layer 200 in the drilling direction of the preset drill bit mechanism to the drilling end point in the drilling rock stratum 100 is m; the number of turns of the chain wheel 18 is n, the number of teeth of the chain wheel 18 is z, the wheelbase of two adjacent connecting rollers 15 in the same group of chain mechanisms is p, both z and p are known data, and n can be detected by a turn number sensor; the position of the inclined drilling device when being hoisted to the height that the drill bit mechanism is aligned with the communication position of the main pipe 2 and the side pipe is the initial position of the drill bit mechanism, the distance from the drill bit mechanism to the bottom end of the working hole is H, the bottom end of the main pipe 2 is positioned at the bottom end of the working hole, the position of the main pipe 2 is determined, the position of the communication position of the main pipe 2 and the side pipe is determined, and the position of the drill bit mechanism is determined when the drill bit mechanism is aligned with the communication position of the main pipe 2 and the side pipe, namely H is known data; the bottom end of the working hole is the junction of the rock stratum 100 and the soil layer 200, the inclination angle of the pipe penetrating hole is alpha, alpha is known data, the distance from the initial position of the drill bit mechanism to the junction of the rock stratum 100 and the soil layer 200 in the drilling direction is M, and then:

From the two formulas above:。

when the lap sensor detects that the sprocket 18 has rotated n passes, indicating that the drill bit mechanism has drilled into the formation 100 a distance m, to a target drilling level, drilling may be stopped, the drill bit mechanism may be retrieved, and a subsequent grouting operation may be prepared.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the grouting device 31 can be coaxially supported on the inner wall of the main pipe 2 after the inclined drilling device and the lifting device are withdrawn from the working hole, the grouting device 31 is provided with a grouting pipe a32 for grouting the telescopic pipe group and a grouting pipe b33 for grouting the inner wall of the hole of the rock stratum 100 and the main pipe 2, the grouting device 31 is communicated with high-pressure grouting foaming equipment (not shown) on the ground, when the grouting device 31 is lifted to a position for grouting in the main pipe 2, expandable and concreted polyurethane foam can be sprayed into the telescopic pipe group through the grouting pipe a32, the polyurethane foam is filled in a plurality of side pipes of the telescopic pipe group and radially spread into the rock stratum 100 and the soil layer 200 through injection holes, and finally, the expansion and concretion are carried out, and the grouting pipe b33 can spray the polyurethane foam on the inner wall of the hole of the rock stratum 100 so as to play a structural reinforcement role at the hole. Then the grouting device 31 is moved upwards, and in the process of moving upwards, polyurethane foam is mainly sprayed through the grouting pipe b33, grouting treatment is carried out in the main pipe 2, and grouting pipe a32 can be additionally used for spraying, so that the operation efficiency is improved. Polyurethane foam can not spill over from the top of the working hole, and a distance is reserved from the top of the polyurethane foam to the top of the working hole, and the distance can be used for backfilling soil, so that the unification of the surface environment is ensured. The telescopic tube set shown in fig. 4 is merely exemplary in the through-hole drilled by the drill mechanism, and actually consists of a plurality of side tubes with gradually decreasing diameters, wherein every two adjacent side tubes are connected in a sliding manner.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a plurality of groups of positioning guide components are uniformly arranged on the grouting device 31 in a circular ring shape, the positioning guide components are in one-to-one correspondence with the guide strips 3, each positioning guide component comprises a roller b34 and a wheel frame b35, a roller groove b which can be clamped on the guide strip 3 is arranged on the roller b34, the roller b34 is rotatably arranged on the wheel frame b35, the roller b34 is arranged in a plurality of side by side along the vertical direction, and the wheel frame b35 is arranged on the grouting device 31. The vertical multiple guide strips 3 that set up of the inner wall of the main pipe 2 also accessible location guide assembly is directed and is fixed a position to the hoist and put the position of cementer 31, and gyro wheel b34 rolls along vertical direction on guide strip 3 through rolling groove b, and multiunit location guide assembly can roll in step, guarantees that cementer 31 and main pipe 2 coaxial distribution to accurate grouting jet operation that carries out.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 4 and 6, the protective tube 1 is sleeved on the upper part of the working hole, the protective tube 1 is supported on the top surface of the soil layer 200, the outer peripheral surface of the protective tube 1 is abutted on the inner wall of the working hole, and the protective tube 1 can be tightly supported at the working hole of the soil layer 200 to prevent soil from collapsing. The main pipe 2 comprises a main pipe part, an expanded pipe part and a exploring pipe part which are coaxially connected in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the main pipe part is communicated with the side pipe, the outer diameter of the expanded pipe part is larger than that of the main pipe part and that of the exploring pipe part, the outer diameter of the expanded pipe part is smaller than that of the protective pipe 1, the bottom end of the expanded pipe part is abutted to the bottom of the working hole, the exploring pipe part extends into a hole of the rock stratum 100, and grouting injection operation can be conveniently carried out through a grouting pipe b33 extending into the hole; the distance from the outermost end of the telescopic tube group in the contracted state to the central axis of the main tube part is smaller than that of the protective tube 1, and the telescopic tube group can smoothly move downwards to pass through the protective tube 1 in the contracted limit state without interference.

Example two

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, this embodiment proposes a method for preventing collapse of a soil layer above a bedrock hole, which is implemented by using the apparatus for preventing collapse of a soil layer above a bedrock hole in embodiment one, and includes the following steps:

s1, drilling a working hole on a soil layer 200 to the top surface of a rock stratum 100 in advance by using an existing drilling machine so as to be communicated with the top of a hole in the rock stratum 100, and facilitating the subsequent grouting injection operation in the hole;

s2, hanging the main pipe 2 into the operation hole, wherein the bottom end of the main pipe 2 stretches into a hole of the rock stratum 100, the telescopic pipe group moves downwards along with the main pipe 2, and the telescopic pipe group is positioned at the inner side of the operation hole of the soil layer 200;

s3, using a lifting device to lift the inclined drilling device into the main pipe 2 until a drill bit mechanism in the inclined drilling device is aligned to the communication position of the main pipe 2 and the side pipe, and maintaining the inclined drilling device at the height by using the lifting device, so that the drill bit mechanism can accurately enter the telescopic pipe group, and stable inclined drilling operation can be conveniently performed;

s4, driving a drill bit mechanism to move into the telescopic pipe set through a driving device, wherein the drill bit mechanism extends out of the bottommost side pipe in the telescopic pipe set and is abutted to a limiting ring part on the side pipe;

s5, starting the drill bit mechanism, and enabling the driving device to continuously drive the drill bit mechanism to move, drilling the drill bit mechanism in the soil layer 200, and driving the telescopic pipe group to gradually extend until the drill bit mechanism drills into the rock layer 100;

S6, turning off the drill bit mechanism, driving the drill bit mechanism to reversely move through the driving device, enabling the drill bit mechanism to pass through the telescopic tube group and move to an initial position, enabling the shell to slide out of the lowest side tube upwards in the resetting process of the drill bit mechanism, enabling the side tube not to be driven to shrink, and enabling the side tubes to be still maintained at positions when the drill bit mechanism stops downwards drilling; at this time, the telescopic tube group is positioned in the tube penetrating hole;

s7, lifting the inclined drilling device upwards from the main pipe 2 through the lifting device;

s8, connecting a grouting device 31 with high-pressure grouting foaming equipment arranged on the ground surface, hanging the grouting device 31 into a main pipe 2, coaxially supporting the grouting device 31 on the inner wall of the main pipe 2, spraying out expandable and concreted polyurethane foam conveyed by the high-pressure grouting foaming equipment through a grouting pipe a32 and a grouting pipe b33, conveying the polyurethane foam into a telescopic pipe group through the grouting pipe a32, generating extrusion force on a plurality of side pipes in the telescopic pipe group by the polyurethane foam, flushing the bottommost side pipe to the deepest part of a perforating hole, diffusing the polyurethane foam into a soil layer 200 and a rock layer 100 through injection holes on the side pipe and forming a radial concreting protective layer a, improving the supporting effect after solidification, forming a concreting protective layer b in the telescopic pipe group, forming a concreting protective layer c in the inner wall of the hole, after the concreting protective layer a, the protective layer b and the concreting protective layer c, upwards moving the grouting device 31, spraying the polyurethane foam into the inner wall of the main pipe group 2 in the upward moving process, forming a protective layer d in the upper direction in the main pipe 2, sequentially connecting the protective layer a, the protective layer b, the protective layer d and the support layer 100 in the hole and the telescopic pipe group, and the joint structure;

S9, backfilling and compacting soil in the working hole of the soil layer 200 until the soil is level with the ground surface, and ensuring the nature and unity of the ground surface environment.

The invention can drill holes in the soil layer 200 and the rock layer 100 in an inclined way, extend the telescopic pipe into the drilled perforating hole, and conveniently retract the drill bit mechanism. After drilling, grouting and jetting polyurethane foam capable of being expanded and solidified at the hole of the rock stratum 100 and above the hole through the grouting device 31, the grouting pipe a32 and the grouting pipe b33, forming a solidified protective layer in a plurality of areas, completely retaining the main pipe 2 and the telescopic pipe group, and jointly forming a cover-shaped reinforced support structure with the solidified protective layer, and being similar to a root system form, on one hand, the upper part of the hole can be plugged, direct contact between groundwater in the hole of the rock stratum 100 and the soil layer 200 above the hole can be avoided, on the other hand, soil above the hole can be supported in a bearing manner, and the condition of soil collapse can be effectively prevented.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A device for preventing collapse of a soil layer above a bedrock hole, comprising:

the main pipe (2) is vertically arranged in a working hole drilled in the soil layer (200) in advance, and the bottom end of the main pipe extends into a hole communicated with the working hole on the rock stratum (100);

the telescopic tube group is uniformly distributed with a plurality of groups around the main tube (2), is obliquely downwards distributed along the direction far away from the main tube (2), comprises a plurality of side tubes which are sequentially connected in a sliding way and gradually reduced in diameter and are distributed along the direction far away from the main tube (2), the side tube with the largest diameter is communicated with the main tube (2), one end of the side tube far away from the main tube (2) is coaxially provided with a limiting ring part along the radial inward direction, the other end of the side tube is coaxially provided with a baffle ring part along the radial outward direction, a plurality of injection holes are uniformly distributed on the side tube, and the limiting ring part on the side tube can limit the other side tube through the baffle ring part on the other side tube so as to prevent the other side tube from slipping from the side tube;

the inclined drilling device is in annular uniform distribution and is in one-to-one correspondence with the telescopic pipe groups, and comprises a drill bit mechanism which can extend out and be abutted on the lowest side pipe in the telescopic pipe groups, and a driving device which is used for driving the drill bit mechanism to move to the inner side of the telescopic pipe groups or to move out from the inner side of the telescopic pipe groups, so that inclined pipe penetrating holes are drilled in soil layers (200) and rock strata (100), a plurality of side pipes move along with the drill bit mechanism, and after the drill bit mechanism is drilled and returns to reset, the side pipes are positioned in the pipe penetrating holes;

The lifting device can be coaxially supported on the inner wall of the main pipe (2) and is used for lifting the inclined drilling device to the height of the drill bit mechanism, which is aligned with the communication position of the main pipe (2) and the side pipe;

a grouting device (31) which can be coaxially supported on the inner wall of the main pipe (2) after the inclined drilling device and the hanging device are withdrawn from the working hole, wherein the grouting device (31) is provided with a grouting pipe a (32) for grouting the telescopic pipe group and a grouting pipe b (33) for grouting the inner wall of the hole of the rock stratum (100) and the inner wall of the main pipe (2);

the drill bit mechanism comprises a drill bit main body (9), a plate-shaped drill bit (10), a movable driving mechanism a (11), a hinging seat (12) and a power device a (13), wherein the drill bit main body (9) is of a rotary structure, the maximum diameter of the drill bit main body (9) is smaller than the inner diameter of a limiting ring part on the lowest side pipe in the telescopic pipe group, a containing groove (901) for containing the plate-shaped drill bit (10) is formed in the drill bit main body (9), the outline of the outer end of the plate-shaped drill bit (10) is matched with the outline of a notch of the containing groove (901), the bottom end of the plate-shaped drill bit (10) is hinged with the drill bit main body (9) through the hinging seat (12), a plurality of drilling bosses are formed in the outer end of the plate-shaped drill bit (10), a groove (101) is formed in the inner side surface of the plate-shaped drill bit (10), the two ends of the movable driving mechanism a (11) are respectively and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the storage groove (901) and the inner wall of the groove (101), the movable driving mechanism a (11) adopts a structure capable of linear expansion, the power device a (13) comprises a power source and a shell, the power source is arranged in the shell, the power source is in driving connection with the drill bit main body (9), the outer edge of the bottom end of the shell is provided with a guide inclined plane, the shell is abutted to a limiting ring part on the bottommost side pipe in the expansion pipe group through the guide inclined plane, the outer peripheral surface of the shell is in shape fit with the inner wall of the side pipe and is in sliding connection, when the driving device drives the drill bit mechanism to move along the inclined downward direction, the drill body (9) in the drill mechanism passes through the limiting ring part on the lowest side pipe until the shell in the drill mechanism is abutted against the limiting ring part of the lowest side pipe, at the moment, the plate-shaped drill (10) is driven to be outwards unfolded by the moving driving mechanism a (11), and after the plate-shaped drill (10) is unfolded, the distance from the outermost end to the central shaft of the drill body (9) is larger than the outer diameter of the side pipe with the largest diameter;

The driving device comprises two groups of chain mechanisms which are symmetrically distributed and a station adjustable driving device for driving the two groups of chain mechanisms to synchronously extend or wind; the chain mechanism comprises a connecting frame (14), a chain mechanism, a chain wheel (18) and a chain winding roller (23) for winding the chain mechanism, one end of the connecting frame (14) is connected with the shell, the other end of the connecting frame (14) is connected with one end of the chain mechanism, the chain mechanism is wound on the chain wheel (18), the other end of the chain mechanism is connected with the chain winding roller (23), the two axial ends of the chain winding roller (23) are provided with baffle parts extending along the radial direction, and the mutually abutted parts of the two groups of chain mechanisms between the chain wheel (18) and the connecting frame (14) are in a straight line shape inclining downwards in an inclined way;

the chain mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of chain components, each group of chain component comprises an abutting frame (16), two connecting rollers (15) and two connecting plates (17), the connecting frames (14) are fixedly connected with the abutting frames (16) at the bottom ends of the chain mechanism, the connecting rollers (15) penetrate through the abutting frames (16) and are rotationally connected with the abutting frames (16), the two connecting rollers (15) are distributed side by side along the radial direction, the connecting plates (17) are rotationally connected with two adjacent connecting rollers (15) in the two adjacent groups of chain components, a space for clamping teeth on a chain wheel (18) is formed between any two adjacent connecting rollers (15) in the same group of chain mechanism, the two connecting plates (17) are distributed outside the abutting frames (16), the abutting frames (16) are provided with abutting surfaces (161), bearing surfaces (162), arc-shaped surfaces (163) and abutting surfaces (164), the bearing surfaces (162) are arc-shaped curved surfaces, the abutting surfaces (164) are plane surfaces, the bearing surfaces (162) are distributed in a stepped shape, and the bearing surfaces (162) are located at the lower end of a step;

In the same group of chain mechanisms, the abutting surface (161) of one abutting frame (16) abuts against the bearing surface (162) of the adjacent abutting frame (16);

in the two groups of chain mechanisms, two opposite abutting frames (16) are abutted through abutting surfaces (164);

the device also comprises a communication module, a control terminal and a number of turns sensor for detecting the number of turns of the sprocket (18), wherein the number of turns sensor is in communication connection with the communication module, the communication module is in communication connection with the control terminal, and the control terminal is in control connection with the drill bit mechanism and the driving device respectively; presetting the drilling end distance of rock stratum (100) and soil layer (200) juncture in the drilling direction of drill bit mechanism to drilling into rock stratum (100) to be M, sprocket (18) rotation circle number to be n, sprocket (18) tooth number to be z, the wheelbase of two adjacent connecting rollers (15) in the same group chain mechanism to be p, the position of slant drilling device when being lifted to the height of drill bit mechanism alignment main pipe (2) and side pipe intercommunication department is drill bit mechanism initial position, the distance of drill bit mechanism to operation hole bottom is H, operation hole bottom is rock stratum (100) and soil layer (200) juncture, poling hole inclination is alpha, drill bit mechanism initial position is to the distance of rock stratum (100) and soil layer (200) juncture in the drilling direction to be M, then:

，

；

From the two formulas above:

；

the station-adjustable driving device comprises a gear e (28), a power device b (29), a movable driving mechanism b (30), a mounting cover (8) and two groups of symmetrically distributed transmission mechanisms, wherein each transmission mechanism comprises a gear a (19), a rotating shaft a (20), a gear b (21), a rotating shaft b (22), a gear c (24), a rotating shaft c (25), a gear d (26) and a rotating shaft d (27); in the two groups of transmission mechanisms, two gears b (21) are in meshed connection, and two gears d (26) are in meshed connection; the movable driving mechanism b (30) is arranged on the mounting cover (8), the output end of the movable driving mechanism b (30) is connected with the power device b (29), the power device b (29) is in driving connection with the gear e (28), the gear e (28) is in meshing connection with the gear a (19) or the gear d (26), the chain wheel (18) and the gear a (19) are coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft a (20), the gear a (19) is in meshing connection with the gear b (21), the gear b (21) is arranged on the rotating shaft b (22), the chain winding roller (23) and the gear c (24) are coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft c (25), the gear c (24) is in meshing connection with the gear d (26), the gear d (26) is arranged on the rotating shaft d (27), and the rotating shaft a (20), the rotating shaft b (22), the rotating shaft c (25) and the rotating shaft d (27) are all rotationally arranged in the mounting cover (8). A channel for the chain mechanism to pass through is arranged at the bottom of the mounting cover (8), a carrier roller is rotatably arranged at the channel, and the carrier roller is supported at the inclined lower side of the inclined chain mechanism; in the station-adjustable driving device, a moving driving mechanism b (30) drives a power device b (29) to move, so that a gear e (28) is meshed with a gear a (19), the power device b (29) drives the gear e (28) to rotate, the gear e (28) drives the gear a (19) to rotate, the gear a (19) drives a driving chain wheel (18) to rotate through a rotating shaft a (20), the gear a (19) drives another gear a (19) to rotate through two gears b (21), the rotating directions of the two gears a (19) are opposite, the other gear a (19) drives another chain wheel (18) to rotate through another rotating shaft a (20), and then the two chain wheels (18) respectively drive the two groups of chain mechanisms to move, the chain mechanisms are pulled out from a chain roller (23), and the mutually abutted parts of the two groups of chain mechanisms are distributed in a straight line shape, so that the drill bit mechanisms are pushed to move into a telescopic tube group.

2. The device for preventing soil layer collapse above bedrock holes according to claim 1, wherein guide strips (3) are vertically arranged on the inner wall of the main pipe (2), and the guide strips (3) are uniformly distributed in a plurality around the central axis of the main pipe (2); the hanging device comprises rolling assemblies, hanging mechanisms (6) and mounting frames (7), wherein the rolling assemblies are in circular ring shapes and are uniformly arranged in multiple groups, the rolling assemblies are in one-to-one correspondence with the guide strips (3), each rolling assembly comprises a roller a (4) and a roller frame a (5), a rolling groove a which can be clamped on the guide strip (3) is formed in each roller a (4), the roller a (4) is rotatably arranged on each roller frame a (5), the roller a (4) is arranged in a plurality of side by side along the vertical direction, the roller frames a (5) are arranged on the hanging mechanisms (6), the mounting frames (7) are arranged at the bottoms of the hanging mechanisms (6), and the mounting covers (8) are arranged on the mounting frames (7).

3. The device for preventing soil layer collapse above bedrock holes according to claim 1, wherein guide strips (3) are vertically arranged on the inner wall of the main pipe (2), and the guide strips (3) are uniformly distributed in a plurality around the central axis of the main pipe (2); the grouting device (31) is uniformly provided with a plurality of groups of positioning guide assemblies in a circular ring shape, the positioning guide assemblies correspond to the guide strips (3) one by one, each positioning guide assembly comprises a roller b (34) and a wheel frame b (35), each roller b (34) is provided with a rolling groove b which can be clamped on the guide strip (3), each roller b (34) is rotatably arranged on each wheel frame b (35), each roller b (34) is arranged in a plurality of side by side along the vertical direction, and each wheel frame b (35) is arranged on the grouting device (31).

4. The device for preventing soil layer collapse above bedrock holes according to claim 1, wherein a protective tube (1) is sleeved at the upper part of the working hole, the protective tube (1) is supported on the top surface of the soil layer (200), and the peripheral surface of the protective tube (1) is abutted against the inner wall of the working hole; the main pipe (2) comprises a main pipe part, an expanding pipe part and a exploring pipe part which are coaxially connected in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the main pipe part is communicated with the side pipe, the outer diameter of the expanding pipe part is larger than that of the main pipe part and that of the exploring pipe part, the outer diameter of the expanding pipe part is smaller than that of the protecting pipe (1), the bottom end of the expanding pipe part is abutted to the bottom of the working hole, and the exploring pipe part extends into a hole of the rock stratum (100); the distance from the outermost end of the telescopic tube group in the contracted state to the central axis of the main tube part enables the telescopic tube group to smoothly move downwards through the protective tube (1) in the limit state of contraction.

5. A method for preventing collapse of a soil layer above bedrock cavities, characterized in that it is carried out with a device for preventing collapse of a soil layer above bedrock cavities as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, comprising the steps of:

s1, drilling a working hole on a soil layer (200) in advance by using a drilling machine to the top surface of a rock stratum (100) so as to be communicated with the top of a hole in the rock stratum (100);

S2, hanging the main pipe (2) into the operation hole, wherein the bottom end of the main pipe (2) extends into a hole of the rock stratum (100), and the telescopic pipe group moves downwards along with the main pipe (2);

s3, using a lifting device to lift the inclined drilling device into the main pipe (2) until a drill bit mechanism in the inclined drilling device is aligned to the communication position of the main pipe (2) and the side pipe, and maintaining the inclined drilling device at the height by the lifting device;

s4, driving a drill bit mechanism to move into the telescopic pipe set through a driving device, wherein the drill bit mechanism extends out of the bottommost side pipe in the telescopic pipe set and is abutted to a limiting ring part on the side pipe;

s5, starting a drill bit mechanism, continuously driving the drill bit mechanism to move by a driving device, drilling the drill bit mechanism in a soil layer (200), and driving a telescopic pipe group to gradually extend until the drill bit mechanism drills into a rock layer (100);

s6, turning off the drill bit mechanism, driving the drill bit mechanism to reversely move through the driving device, enabling the drill bit mechanism to pass through the telescopic pipe group and move to an initial position, and enabling the telescopic pipe group to be positioned in the pipe penetrating hole;

s7, lifting the inclined drilling device upwards from the main pipe (2) through the lifting device;

s8, a grouting device (31) is communicated with high-pressure grouting foaming equipment on the ground surface, the grouting device (31) is hoisted into a main pipe (2), the grouting device (31) is coaxially supported on the inner wall of the main pipe (2), the expandable and concreted polyurethane foam conveyed by the high-pressure grouting foaming equipment is ejected through a grouting pipe a (32) and a grouting pipe b (33), the grouting pipe a (32) conveys the polyurethane foam into a telescopic pipe group, the polyurethane foam diffuses into a soil layer (200) and a rock stratum (100) through ejection holes on a side pipe and forms a radial concretion protective layer a, the polyurethane foam forms a concretion protective layer b in the telescopic pipe group, a concretion protective layer c is formed on the inner wall of a hole, after the concretion protective layer a, the concretion protective layer b and the concretion protective layer c are formed, the grouting device (31) is moved upwards, in the upward moving process, the polyurethane foam forms a concretion protective layer d along the lower-upper direction in the main pipe (2), and the concretion protective layer a, the protective layer b, the protective layer d and the concretion protective layer c are sequentially formed in the main pipe (2) along the upper direction, and the joint cover and the telescopic support structure are jointly formed on the telescopic pipe (100);

And S9, backfilling and compacting soil into the working hole of the soil layer (200) until the soil is level with the ground surface.