CN106317449A - 一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂 - Google Patents
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 8
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- AMMPRZCMKXDUNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCCCCCC)CC(=O)OCCCCCC AMMPRZCMKXDUNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/11—Esters; Ether-esters of acyclic polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/02—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen
- C07C69/12—Acetic acid esters
- C07C69/18—Acetic acid esters of trihydroxylic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
- C07C69/67—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
- C07C69/675—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- C07C69/704—Citric acid esters
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,包括柠檬酸、丙三醇、钠,甲苯、氯丁烷、乙酸、催化剂,并且柠檬酸与丙三醇的质量份数比为1:1~2;丙三醇、钠,甲苯、氯丁烷、乙酸的摩尔份数比为1:1~3:8~12:1~3:1~3;柠檬酸与催化剂的质量份数比为32~45:1;催化剂为浓硫酸、杂多酸、甲苯磺酸、强酸型离子交换树脂中的一种。本发明与传统柠檬酸酯类增塑剂相比,在满足环保无毒的前提下,解决了易析出和迁移大的问题,并且加工性能和产品性能得到提高,扩大了该类产品的应用范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种增塑剂,具体涉及一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂。
背景技术
随着塑料产业和纺织印染工业的飞速发展,增塑剂的用量显著增加。而现在市场上较常用的增塑剂是邻苯二甲酸酯类,近些年人们对健康的关注和对传统邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂研究的开展,发现邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂会对空气、水和土壤乃至食物造成污染,且在环境中降解速度极慢,因而成为备受关注的全球性环境污染物。另外,日常生活中人们与塑料制品的直接接触,邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂会通过各种途径进入人体并造成不同程度的危害。
柠檬酸酯类增塑剂无毒安全,是国内外塑料行业的首选环保型增塑剂之一,主要品种包括柠檬酸三乙酯(TEC)、乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯(ATEC)、柠檬酸三正丁酯(TBC)、乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯(ATBC)、柠檬酸三辛酯(TOC)、乙酰柠檬酸三辛酯(ATOC)、柠檬酸三正己酯(THC)、乙酰柠檬酸三正己酯(ATHC)、丁酰柠檬酸三正己酯等。柠檬酸酯类增塑剂对PVC有优良的增塑作用,它的增塑效果与DOP、DINP相当,可以部分替代DOP。然而,目前已开发的柠檬酸酯类(主要为柠檬酸低碳醇酯类,低碳醇系碳原子数为1~4的直链及支链醇)增塑剂存在着增塑剂不耐迁移、挥发性高及经济成本高的缺点,不能完全应用于增塑剂行业。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是柠檬酸酯类增塑剂不耐迁移、挥发性高,目的在于提供一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,引入醚酯键解决柠檬酸酯类增塑剂不耐迁移、挥发性高的问题。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现:
一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,包括柠檬酸、丙三醇、钠,甲苯、氯丁烷、乙酸、催化剂,并且所述柠檬酸与丙三醇的质量份数比为1:1~2;所述丙三醇、钠,甲苯、氯丁烷、乙酸的摩尔份数比为1:1~3:8~12:1~3:1~3;所述柠檬酸与催化剂的质量份数比为32~45:1;所述催化剂为浓硫酸、杂多酸、甲苯磺酸、强酸型离子交换树脂中的一种;
一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,所述催化剂为强酸型离子交换树脂。
一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,所述丙三醇、钠,甲苯、氯丁烷、乙酸的摩尔份数比为1:2:11:2:2。
一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,所述柠檬酸与丙三醇的质量份数比为1:1.7。
一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,所述柠檬酸与强酸型离子交换树脂的质量份数比为39:1。
柠檬酸酯类增塑剂不耐迁移、挥发性高,研究表明,分子量较小的增塑剂在聚合物集体中很容易发生迁移。通过提高增塑剂的分子量可以提高它的耐迁移性。另外,通过向含有酯基的增塑剂中引入醚键,可以提高树脂的相容性和柔软度,从而达到提高树脂柔性的目的,研究表明,醚酯型增塑剂具有良好的热稳定性和低挥发性。
其中,丙三醇有三个羟基基团,丙三醇是无色味甜澄明黏稠液体。无臭。有暖甜味。国家标准称为甘油,能从空气中吸收潮气,也能吸收硫化氢、氰化氢和二氧化硫。
甲苯,无色澄清液体。有强折光性,能与乙醇、 乙醚、丙酮、氯仿、二硫化碳和冰乙酸混溶,极微溶于水。
氯丁烷,为无色挥发性易燃液体,有类似氯仿的气味。几乎不溶于水,与乙醇和乙醚混溶。
乙酸也叫醋酸、冰醋酸,是一种有机一元酸,为食醋主要成分。纯的无水乙酸(冰醋酸)是无色的吸湿性固体,凝固点为16.6℃,凝固后为无色晶体,其水溶液中呈弱酸性且蚀性强。
浓硫酸,俗称坏水,化学分子式为H2SO4,是一种具有高腐蚀性的强矿物酸。浓硫酸在浓度高时具有强氧化性,这是它与普通硫酸或普通浓硫酸最大的区别之一。同时它还具有脱水性,强氧化性,强腐蚀性,难挥发性,酸性,吸水性等。
强酸型阳离子交换树脂,主要含有强酸性的反应基如磺酸基,此离子交换树脂可以交换所有的阳离子。采用强酸性阳离子交换树脂作环氧化反应的催化剂,产品颜色要浅得多,并且不会腐蚀设备。
进一步的,多羟基化合物的羟基转化为侧链醚基的最优选机理是已知的Williamson醚合成机理,其包括通过羟基与活泼金属或金属氢化物或者金属氢氧化物反应形成醇盐,然后醇盐与烷基卤或者烷基硫酸盐反应生成侧链醚基。
同样地,多羟基化合物的羟基可以转化为侧链酯基。其中Fischer酯化反应,羧酸在酸性条件下与羟基反应生成侧链酯基。
进一步的,对于每摩尔的含n个羟基的多羟基化合物,必须使用少于n摩尔的羧酸。使用n摩尔或者大于n摩尔的羧酸可能导致多羟基化合物的每个可用羟基均转化为侧链酯基,没有给后续的Williamson醚化合成反应留下可用的羟基基团。尽管对于每摩尔含n个羟基的多羟基化合物,使用少于n摩尔的羧酸,但在反应中,相对小比例的多羟基化合物分子的羟基会全部转化为侧链酯基,或者没有任何一个羟基转化为侧链酯基,但是在中间体反应料中,大多数的多羟基化合物分子将会部分酯化,剩下至少一个羟基。含有部分酯化化合物的中间体反应产物可进行Williamson合成反应生成最终的反应产物。
一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,将金属钠、丙三醇、氯丁烷加入到含有溶剂甲苯的搅拌反应器中。反应器温度保持105℃以上,以除去副产物水,生成醇的混合物。然后,所得混合物与乙酸反应,得到醚酯混合物,将醚酯混合物与柠檬酸混合,加入强酸型阳离子交换树脂,在100~150℃进行乙酰化反应,反应完全后,再经过中和、水洗、干燥精制过程,最终得到醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下的优点和有益效果:
1、本发明一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,与传统柠檬酸酯类增塑剂相比,在满足环保无毒的前提下,解决了易析出和迁移大的问题;
2、本发明一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,加工性能和产品性能得到提高,扩大了该类产品的应用范围。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明,并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例
本发明一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,包括柠檬酸、丙三醇、钠,甲苯、氯丁烷、乙酸、催化剂,并且所述柠檬酸与丙三醇的质量份数比为1:1~2;所述丙三醇、钠,甲苯、氯丁烷、乙酸的摩尔份数比为1:2:11:2:2;
所述柠檬酸与催化剂的质量份数比为39:1;
所述催化剂为浓硫酸、杂多酸、甲苯磺酸、强酸型离子交换树脂中的一种;
所述的一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,将两摩尔的金属钠、一摩尔的丙三醇、两摩尔的氯丁烷加入到含有溶剂甲苯的搅拌反应器中。反应器温度保持105℃以上,以除去副产物水,并生成醇的混合物。
然后,醇的混合物与两摩尔的乙酸反应生成含有醚酯的混合物。
将醚酯混合物与柠檬酸混合,加入强酸型阳离子交换树脂,在100~150℃进行酰化反应,反应完全后,再经过中和、水洗、干燥得到醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂。
以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,其特征在于,包括柠檬酸、丙三醇、钠,甲苯、氯丁烷、乙酸、催化剂,并且所述柠檬酸与丙三醇的质量份数比为1:1~2;
所述丙三醇、钠,甲苯、氯丁烷、乙酸的摩尔份数比为1:1~3:8~12:1~3:1~3;
所述柠檬酸与催化剂的质量份数比为32~45:1;
所述催化剂为浓硫酸、杂多酸、甲苯磺酸、强酸型离子交换树脂中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂为强酸型离子交换树脂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,其特征在于,所述柠檬酸与强酸型离子交换树脂的质量份数比为39:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,其特征在于,所述丙三醇、钠,甲苯、氯丁烷、乙酸的摩尔份数比为1:2:11:2:2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种醚酯柠檬酸增塑剂,其特征在于,所述柠檬酸与丙三醇的质量份数比为1:1.7。
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