CN1063123C - 发配增强纤维的方法 - Google Patents

发配增强纤维的方法 Download PDF

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CN1063123C
CN1063123C CN96193901A CN96193901A CN1063123C CN 1063123 C CN1063123 C CN 1063123C CN 96193901 A CN96193901 A CN 96193901A CN 96193901 A CN96193901 A CN 96193901A CN 1063123 C CN1063123 C CN 1063123C
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coil
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米歇尔·H·扬德尔
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3B Fibreglass SRL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/305Spray-up of reinforcing fibres with or without matrix to form a non-coherent mat in or on a mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00Making preforms
    • B29B11/14Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B11/16Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65HHANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H54/00Winding, coiling, or depositing filamentary material
    • B65H54/76Depositing materials in cans or receptacles
    • B65H54/80Apparatus in which the depositing device or the receptacle is rotated
    • B65H54/82Apparatus in which the depositing device or the receptacle is rotated and in which coils are formed before deposition
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G1/00Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling
    • D01G1/02Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling to form staple fibres not delivered in strand form
    • D01G1/04Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling to form staple fibres not delivered in strand form by cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65HHANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/31Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S83/00Cutting
    • Y10S83/907Coiled wire cutting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S83/00Cutting
    • Y10S83/913Filament to staple fiber cutting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49789Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
    • Y10T29/49798Dividing sequentially from leading end, e.g., by cutting or breaking
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/04Processes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

一种发配增强纤维(12)以便制造预型件或层压板的方法,该方法包括:将一根具有连续长度的增强纤维(16)卷绕在一个具有纵向轴线(30)的型模(26、42、50)上形成线圈(28),使这些线圈(28)相对于型模(26、42、50)轴向移动以便被切刀(36、46)接触,将这些线圈(28)切割成分散长度的增强纤维(12),和发配所述分散长度的增强纤维(12)。

Description

发配增强纤维的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及增强纤维的发配,具体点说是在制造适用于增强模塑件如结构复合体的预型件时。更具体点说,本发明涉及将连续的增强纤维接受进来,切割成分散的长度,然后将分散长度的纤维发配在一个集合面上。
背景技术
结构复合体和其他增强模塑件通常用树脂传递模塑法和结构树脂注射模塑法制造。在将增强材料插入到模型内之前,先将增强纤维预制成形状和大小与模塑件接近的增强层或垫可使上述模塑方法更为有效。在制造预型件时,通常的做法是将连续的增强股线或纤维送到切碎机上,切碎成许多分散长度的纤维,然后将分散长度的纤维放置在集合面上。这种方法可用来以自动方式制造预型件,只要将增强材料发配器安装得使它能在集合面之上移动,并编好发配器移动的程序以便按预定的所需的样式敷设增强纤维。增强材料发配器可用机械手操作或自动操作,这种增强纤维发配器对这种用途如制造汽车工业中大型结构件的预型件为已知技术。
典型的做法是在预型件上撒上粉末粘结剂,然后将它放置在模型内。模型的热和压力使粘结剂硬化,这样便可生产出增强纤维的预型件,这种产品可被存储并装运给最终模塑用户。模塑用户通常用树脂注射法将树脂敷设在预型件上并将敷有树脂的预型件模塑,便可制出增强产品。将连续的增强纤维切割成分散的增强纤维段的方法在制造层压板时同样有用。制造层压板用的增强纤维的发配器也可移动并被编程。
随着增强产品的技术要求的增加,需要有新的发配和敷设增强纤维的方法。一个要求是增强纤维要用比以前所用更快的速率发放,另一个要求是增强纤维须按预定的方位敷设。预型件制造工艺的进展要求可移动和可编程的增强纤维发配器能制出非常高级的纤维图样和定位。这样预型件便能被设计出具有所需增强纤维的具体数量和取向,从而可提高模塑产品在最薄弱或爱力最多的部位的强度。由于这种新的高级技术,经常要求将纤维按小间距的平行排列敷设在集合面上。
曾努力尝试发放小间距的、一般为平行的纤维,但没有成功,特别是在高速下,而高速是在商业上进行成功运行所必需的。当典型的股线切碎机喷嘴以较快的速率操作时,切成的、分散的增强纤维就不能按小间距的平行取向敷设。纤维一般按垂直于集合面的方向导向集合面,而这个程序并不会以小间距且一般为平行的状态将纤维留下。另外,典型的喷嘴发配装置使用空气流来导引增强纤维使它被切碎机的刀片切碎,并在切割后发配分散的纤维,但这样会在纤维集合面上引起混乱。
因此在将连续的增强纤维切割成分散的纤维段并将它们发配成小间距的、一般为平行的排列方面显然需要作出改进。
发明的公开
现在已研制出发配增强纤维的新方法和装置,可克服以前研制的方法的缺点。本发明的方法是将连续的增强纤维卷绕在一个型模如一个圆筒续或一对棒上来形成线环或线圈。然后将这些线圈沿型模的轴向滑动或移动到线圈与切刀接触的地方。这样这些线圈就被切割成为分散的纤维段并被发配成为一般为平行的具有小间距的排列。本发明的方法使连续纤维的输入速率能够增加,而仍能将分散的增强纤维按一个一般与集合面平行的方向发放。
按照本发明所提供的发配增强纤维的方法包括:将一个具有连续长度的增强纤维卷绕在一个具有纵向轴线的型模上使它成为线圈,然后使这些线圈沿轴向相对于型模而移动以便与一切刀接合,将这些线圈切割成为分散长度的纤维,以及发配这些分散长度的纤维。一般地说,这些分散长度的纤维被相对于型模沿轴向发放,但如果需要,借助于空气射流或挡板也可沿其他方向发放。
本发明的方法使分散长度的增强纤维能相互比较平行地被发配。如果集合面一般为水平的,那么分散长度的增强纤维一般能平行于集合面而被发配。在一具体的实施例中,分散长度的增强纤维在被发配时的取向与型模的轴线垂直。
在本发明的一个具体实施例中,用来将连续的增强纤维卷绕成线圈的型模为两个或多个棒。型模也可以是一个圆筒。在另一实施例中,型模是一个圆锥形件。
在本发明的另外一个实施例中,切刀为一刀片。切刀在切割这些线圈时,一次可从每一个环上切出一根单一的分散长度的增强纤维,也可用两把或多把切刀从每一个环上切出两根或多根分散长度的增强纤维。还可用一个导具来导引这些分散长度的增强纤维,使它们一般可互相平行地被发配。
在本发明的一个较优实施例中,线圈沿轴向离开型模以便接合切刀的移动是通过线圈与一螺旋表面的接合来完成的,该螺旋表面可以是一个或多个相对于线圈而旋转的螺旋弹簧。
按照本发明所提供的发配增强纤维用的装置具有:一个具有纵向轴线的型模,一个用来将一根连续长度的增强纤维卷绕在型模上使之成为线圈的卷绕器,一把用来将线圈切割成分散长度的增强纤维的切刀,一个用来使线圈相对于型模轴向运动以便与切刀接合并发配分散长度的增强纤维的线圈移动装置。
附图的简要说明
图1为一概略的透视图,该图示出一个增强材料的发配器在将分散的增强纤维放置在一个预型件的模压面上的情况。
图2为按照本发明的发配增强纤维用的增强材料发配器的概略立面剖视图,为清晰起见螺旋弹簧已除去。
图3为图2中的增强材料发配器的一部分的概略立面剖视图,该图示出螺旋弹簧。
图4为图3中沿4-4线切开的平面剖视图。
图5为图4中沿5-5线切开的平面剖视图。
图6为用来实现本发明的方法的另一个装置的概略立面剖视图。
图7为用来实现本发明的方法的另外一个装置的概略立面剖视图。
实现本发明的最佳方式
如图1所示,一个机械手操作的增强材料发配器10定位后正在将分散的增强纤维12放置在一个集合面如预型件的模压表面14上。通常预型件的模压表面为一筛网。增强材料发配器不一定要用机械手或自动,甚至可以是固定的,只要使集合面可移动即可。真空源通常设置在筛网下,以便预型件的制造过程容易进行。从没有示出的供应源来的连续的增强纤维16被运送到纤维发配器,在那里连续的增强纤维被切割成分散长度的增强纤维。连续的增强纤维可以是任何一种适宜用来增强的材料。一种较优的材料为Type 30的玻璃纤维,美国Ohio州Toledo的Owens Corning公司可供,但其他矿物纤维和有机纤维如聚酯、Kevlar和碳纤维,本发明也可使用。应该知道连续纤维可以是单线或由数根线构成的股线。
如图2所示,连续的增强纤维被输送轮20输送到发配器内,该轮另一个作用是可减少纤维的扭曲并向连续纤维供应源上游移动的趋势。然后使连续纤维沿着一个旋转件如转子22的外表面输送。转子可用任何合适的装置如电动机24使它安装得可以旋转。位在转子下游为一型模,由于转子的旋转作用,连续的增强纤维就卷绕在型模上。型模可以是任何形状只要能合适地接受连续增强纤维的卷绕。在图2所示的实施例中,型模为一对棒26,连续增强纤维被卷绕在其上形成一连串的一般为平行的线环或线圈28。所示的型模(或棒26)不是运动的,但却有一纵向轴线30,该轴线也可与转子的旋转轴线在同一直线上。应该知道在另一个设计内,型模(即棒)是可以转动的,而转子可以是固定的。这样安排同样可以将连续的增强纤维卷绕在型模上形成线圈。而且,型模和转子两者可以安装得都能转动并能以不同的速率转动,使连续纤维能被卷绕在型模上形成线圈。
一旦在型模周围形成线圈,就可使线圈沿型模的轴向向下游(在图2中向左边)移动。任何装置都可使用使线圈相对于型模而沿轴向移动。如图3所示,线圈可利用螺旋表面如螺旋弹簧32的作用向下游移动。螺旋弹簧可用任何合适的装置如弹簧轴34安装,使得它能够转动。螺旋弹簧的转动使弹簧的表面与连续纤维的线圈接合并促使线圈相对于型模而沿轴向移动。另一种使线圈相对于型模而沿轴向移动的装置为一振动系统,它可使棒振动并利用重力使绕圈向下移动。
随着线圈相对于型模轴向移动,线圈被切刀接触,切刀在线圈28的每一环上作出一个或多个切割。切刀可以是任何型式只要能够将连续增强纤维切断成为分散长度的纤维12即可。作为切刀还可包括加热装置和激光器。如图2到5所示,切刀可以是装在型模上的刀片,例如装在每一根棒26上的刀片36。位在刀片36附近为皮垫辊或皮垫38,其作用为将连续增强纤维准确地压到刀片内,以便保证切割而不是仅仅拖拉纤维越过刀片。与切刀配合使用的皮垫是一般都知道的,可用任何合适的材料制成。如果需要,皮垫也可安装得可以转动。
如图5所示,在线圈28被刀片切割后,它们就成为分散长度的纤维12向下游移动。为了确保分散长度的纤维按一般为平行的、小间距的方式敷设在预型件的模压表面上,可使用导具如导板40。导板可帮助使分散长度的纤维对齐,并确保它们以均匀的、受控的方式被发配。最好,分散长度的纤维被发配在棒的轴向上,但也可用挡板或空气射流使分散长度的纤维分配在其他方向上。由于分散长度的纤维是由切割线圈形成的,它们在发配时一般的取向为与型模的轴线垂直,并且一般与预型件的模压表面14平行。
虽然图2到5示出的用来将连续增强纤维16卷绕在其上的型模为一对棒26,但型模也可具有其他外形。例如,型模可以是三根一般为平行的棒。型模可以为一圆筒。型模也可以为一圆锥形件,如图6所示。位在转子22下游的圆锥形件42被没有示出的装置安装得能转动。转动转子将连续增强纤维16排列成为线圈28卷绕在圆锥形件上。线圈被任何合适的装置如传送器或带44夹住或抓住,并被相对于型模即圆锥形件沿轴向拉动或移动。在传送带对面为一切刀,其形式可为一切刀轮46和一皮垫轮48。当线圈相对于圆锥形件沿轴向而被传送带拉动时(向左边,如图6所示),线圈就被切割形成分散长度的纤维12。
如图2到5所示,采用两个刀片来发配分散长度纤维的方法可在每一个线圈上产生两根分散的纤维。而如图6所示,只采用一个刀片时,每一个线圈上使只产生一根分散的纤维。在这种情况下,对纤维操纵装置如没有示出的修改的导板可能有利,因为在切割后可先放开散开长度的纤维,然后使它们对齐在一般为平行的方向上。
如图7所示,将连续的增强纤维16卷绕在其上的型模也可以是一对旋转的螺杆50。线圈28被转子22卷绕在螺杆上。螺杆的旋转作用强制线圈相对于型模即一对螺杆而沿轴向移动,并被刀片切割。刀片将线圈切割成分散长度的纤维,这些纤维将相对于型模(一对螺杆)沿轴向发配。
从上可见本发明可以作出各种变型。但这些变型应被认为属于本发明的范围之内。
工业应用性
本发明在制造适用于模塑过程的预型件及在制造增强的层压板方面是有用的。

Claims (20)

1.一种发配增强纤维(12)的方法,该方法包括:
将一个具有连续长度的增强纤维(16)卷绕在一个具有纵向轴线(30)的型模(26、42、50)上使它成为线圈(28),使这些线圈(28)沿轴向相对于型模(26、42、50)移动以便与切刀(36、46)接触,将所述线圈(28)切割成分散长度的增强纤维(12),和发配所述分散长度的增强纤维(12)。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,分散长度的增强纤维(12)相对于型模(26、42、50)沿轴向发配。
3.按照权利要求2的方法,其特征为,分散长度的增强纤维(12)在被发配时的取向与型模(26、42、50)的轴线垂直。
4.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,分散长度的增强纤维(12)相互间比较平行地被发配。
5.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,分散长度的增强纤维(12)被发配在一个一般为水平的集合面(14)上,而且分散长度的增强纤维(12)一般平行于集合面(14)而被发配。
6.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,型模为两根棒(26),连续的增强纤维(16)被卷绕在其上形成线圈(28)。
7.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,型模为三根或更多的棒(26),连续的增强纤维(16)被卷绕在其上形成线圈(28)。
8.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,型模为一圆锥形件(42),连续的增强纤维(16)被卷绕在其上形成线圈(28)。
9.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,切刀为一刀片(36)。
10.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,切刀(36)将每一个线圈(28)切割成至少两个分散长度的增强纤维(12)。
11.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,型模(26)配有导板(40),以便发配分散长度的增强纤维(12)。
12.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,线圈(28)沿轴向离开型模(26、50)以便与切刀(36)接触的移动是通过线圈(28)与一螺旋表面(32)的接合来完成的。
13.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,螺旋表面为一相对于线圈(28)而旋转的螺旋弹簧(32)。
14.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,相对于型模(26、42、50)沿轴向且相互间较为平行地发配所述分散长度的增强纤维(12)。
15.按照权利要求14的方法,其特征为,分散长度的增强纤维(12)被发配在一个一般为水平的集合面(14)上,而且分散长度的增强纤维(12)一般平行于集合面(14)而被发配。
16.按照权利要求15的方法,其特征为,型模为一圆锥形件(42),连续的增强纤维(16)被卷绕在其上形成线圈(28)。
17.按照权利要求14的方法,其特征为,线圈(28)沿轴向离开型模(26、50)以便与切刀(36)接触的移动是通过线圈(28)与一相对于线圈(28)而旋转的螺旋表面(32)的接合来完成的。
18.按照权利要求14的方法,其特征为,分散长度的增强纤维(12)在被发配时的取向与型模(26、42、50)的轴线垂直。
19.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,将所述分散长度的增强纤维(12)相对于型模沿轴向且相互间较为平行地发配在一个一般为水平的集合面(14)上,其中型模为一圆锥形件(42),连续的增强纤维(16)被卷绕在其上形成线圈(28)。
20.按照权利要求19的方法,其特征为,线圈(28)沿轴向离开型模(42)以便与切刀(46)接触的移动是通过线圈(28)与一相对于线圈(28)而旋转的螺旋表面的接合来完成的,而分散长度的增强纤维(12)在被发配时的取向与型模(42)的轴线垂直。
CN96193901A 1995-04-10 1996-03-26 发配增强纤维的方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1063123C (zh)

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