CN106312009A - 成型机和用于感应加热的方法 - Google Patents

成型机和用于感应加热的方法 Download PDF

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CN106312009A
CN106312009A CN201610638411.2A CN201610638411A CN106312009A CN 106312009 A CN106312009 A CN 106312009A CN 201610638411 A CN201610638411 A CN 201610638411A CN 106312009 A CN106312009 A CN 106312009A
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melting vessel
block
induction coil
forming machine
radiation areas
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W·阿姆赖因
H·米特霍弗
S·西尔伯
W·卡佩尔米勒
A·普罗克施
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Engel Austria GmbH
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Abstract

一种成型机，包括熔化容器(2)、设置在熔化容器(2)上用于感应加热特别是熔化材料的感应线圈(3)、以及成型空腔(4)，其中，熔化容器(2)具有电磁场基本上可穿透的至少一个辐射区域(5)，该成型机构造为，对空腔(4)内的材料进行冷却，以致形成基本上结晶的固体，其中，与辐射区域(5)重叠地设置有一块体(6)，该块体与熔化容器(2)相比具有更高的透磁率，并且感应线圈(3)是设置在块体(6)和辐射区域(5)之间。

Description

成型机和用于感应加热的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有如权利要求1前序部分所述特征的成型机、一种具有如权利要求13前序部分所述特征的方法以及一种包括熔化容器和在熔化容器上设置的感应线圈的装置的应用。
背景技术
已知的是，将金属设置在熔化容器中，并通过线圈进行感应加热或者熔化。然后熔体可被输送到成型空腔中，金属在该成型空腔内金硬化。这由US 2013/0037999 A1、WO2013/043156 A1、WO 2013/112130 A1、US 2015/0013933 A1和US 2014/0332176 A1所公开，其中分别设定：快速冷却熔体，以获得基本上无定形的固体。
所述的文献也公开了熔化容器和感应线圈的各种不同构造设计，熔化容器也被称为艇形进料斗(Boot)或英语的“crucible”(坩埚)。
尽管有这些措施，但这种方法损耗却相对较大，这种情况之所以出现是因为熔化容器本身也由传导性的金属制成。由此，除了对真正的待熔融金属加热之外，还对熔化容器进行加热。这就导致了必须以高费用将熔化容器本身冷却。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种装置和一种方法，借此提高在待加热金属中能量沉积的有效性。
关于装置，该目的是通过权利要求1的特征来实现。关于方法，该目的是通过权利要求13的特征来实现。本发明还请求保护根据权利要求16的一种应用。
本发明的一个基本方面在于提出一个与辐射区域重叠设置的块体，该块体与熔化容器相比具有更高的透磁率(也称为磁导率/导磁能力)。在此，所述感应线圈是设置在块体和辐射区域之间。因此，本发明是基于以下认识，即：借助于这种块体，由感应线圈所产生的电磁流(电磁通量)可以集中到辐射区域上。因而，电磁能量的较大比例也就可以通过辐射区域直接积淀在材料中，或者说，较小比例积淀在熔化容器中(两者都是相比于现有技术而言)。由熔化容器对材料产生的屏蔽作用得以规避。
另外，在此意想不到的是，根据本发明的块体还可以在线圈外部提供一种特殊的能量聚焦。
对于本发明，提出了对加热的或熔化的材料的结晶硬化。也就是说，形成的固体具有一种微观晶格结构。该晶格结构的特征在于所谓单位晶胞的周期性或准周期性的重复。这些单位晶胞构成了晶格结构的基本单元，其中，整个晶格可以通过源自单位晶胞的平移和旋转而获得。
在考虑之列的材料通常也可能以无定形状态存在，在该状态下不具有所说的晶格结构不存在。实际上，真实的晶体的结构绝不会是理想的晶格，因为晶格缺陷、夹杂物等等无法完全避免。针对本申请的意义来说，下述固体被认为是结晶的，其所具有的结晶度(即固体中作为晶体存在的比例)为至少50％，优选为至少80％并且尤其优选为至少95％。固体物理学是通过缺乏所谓的长程相关性来区分无定形与结晶相。那种与产生晶格键的交互作用(原子间和分子间力)相比具有更弱下降特性的相关性被称为长程相关性。
所说成型机可理解为如下所述的各种设备，其通过加热或熔化而引发材料的可塑性，并利用该可塑性进行成型。这在一空腔中实现，材料设置于该空腔内，其中，所述空腔中的材料也可以例如被挤压。
所述熔化容器可以由传导性材料、绝缘材料或者由传导性材料与绝缘材料的混合物构成。
本发明的其他一些有利实施形式在从属权利要求中限定。
可以规定：所述块体基本上平行于感应线圈的纵轴线延伸。由此，超过感应线圈长度地，将电磁辐射聚焦到熔化容器中。若熔化容器构造为圆柱形，则尤其如此。这种圆柱形结构还可以有更多的优势。例如，加热的或熔化的材料可以从一个缸体中较为简单地借助柱塞或活塞被运输到空腔中。
在感应线圈长度上的入射能量完全聚焦还可能有益的是，块体所具有的纵向长度基本上等于或大于感应线圈的沿着纵轴线的纵向长度。
此外也可以规定：所述块体构成为磁轭，优选具有朝向熔化容器的U形轮廓。通过块体得以集束的场力线能够以这种方式特别是有针对性目标地聚焦于辐射区域中。
可以规定：所述块体与感应线圈相比具有更低的电导率。由此可以防止在块体自身内通过感应引起电流，该电流会对块体进行加热并且其本身又会造成对磁场的干扰。
所述块体可以优选由铁氧体材料制成。铁氧体在此情况下涉及铁磁性的陶瓷材料(亦即不是：铁的变型)。所述铁氧体可以优选为所谓的软磁性铁素体/铁酸盐或铁尖晶石，因为它们在低电导率的同时具有特别高的透磁率(参见Matthée，Lexikon derFertigungstechnik und Arbeitsmaschinen，德国斯图加特出版社，1967年)。
作为要被加热或熔融的材料，尤其可以包括金属，当然，各种基本的传导性材料都是可以感应加热的。
辐射区域可由熔化容器中的至少一个开口所形成。熔化容器中的开口可能最适合用于辐射电磁能量，当然，也可以采取减小的材料厚度或者采取一种到低电导率材料的材料变换。
从几何结构的意义上说，所述开口可以包括长孔，特别是当熔化容器呈圆柱形地在周围有线圈包围时。特别优选地，可以规定：感应线圈的至少一个导体回环包围熔化容器，优选感应线圈的基本上所有导体回环包围熔化容器。这一点可能是有利的，因为在导体回环的内部出现最大的磁场强度。
感应线圈和熔化容器可以基本上同心地设置。
所述材料可以在加热或熔融之后，在它被硬化之前，被输送到空腔中，该空腔赋予所需的形状。尤其是对于圆柱形熔化容器，这一点可以通过柱塞予以实现。
所述材料可以以杆棒的形式被提供，优选为圆柱形杆棒。所述杆棒按照习语也常常被称为“Ingot(锭)”(英语)。
附图说明
本发明的进一步细节和优点可从附图和关于附图的描述中获得。附图示出：
图1是根据本发明的包括熔化容器、感应线圈和块体的装置的示意性侧视图，
图2是图1的示意性剖视图，
图3是图1中装置的透视图，
图4是根据本发明的成型机的示意性剖视图，和
图5是图1中装置的俯视图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出了熔化容器2，其在此情况中构造为空心的圆柱体。该熔化容器2由感应线圈3的导体回环7所包围。在本实施形式中，感应线圈3的纵轴线X也构成熔化容器2的纵轴线。也就是说，熔化容器2和感应线圈3设置为同心。还可以看到块体6。该块体由软磁性的铁氧体材料制成。
图2的剖视图示出了块体6是如何相对于辐射区域5设置的。所述辐射区域5在此情况中被构造为在所述熔化容器2的顶侧的长孔(参见图3)。(该长孔设计得细窄，因而在图1的侧视图中基本上看不到)。
所述块体6构成为具有U形轮廓的磁轭。该U形轮廓包围感应线圈3。因此，在块体6内集中的磁力线被直接导入辐射区域。
图3示出了如图1和2中实施形式的透视图。它基本上表示出了相同的元件，然而部分地更多一些具体细节。图3应给出这样一个印象，即，各个所描述的对象在空间上相对彼此是如何布置的。
应当指出的是，用作辐射区域5的开口也可以设计得更宽一些。
图4是一个示意剖视图，其中，除了图2中的元件之外，还示意性地示出了整个成型机的其他一些元件。材料(在此情况中是由金属制成的杆棒8)在本发明的装置被熔化。借助柱塞9，将熔融材料压入成型空腔4中。在该成型空腔内，该材料硬化，至少部分结晶。
图5是图1中装置的俯视图。在此，为清楚起见，并未示出感应线圈3。在该俯视图中，可以看到熔化容器2上的块体6。虚线表示的是熔化容器2的辐射区域5。正如可以看到的那样，块体6在辐射方向上完全重叠覆盖辐射区域5。如果块体6不是完全、而是仅部分重叠辐射区域5，却也可以实现至少一部分的技术效果。考察重叠情况的方向可以优选为电磁场通过辐射区域5实现辐射所在的方向。

Claims (16)

1.一种成型机，包括熔化容器(2)、设置在熔化容器(2)上用于感应加热特别是熔化材料的感应线圈(3)、以及成型空腔(4)，其中，所述熔化容器(2)具有电磁场基本上可穿透的至少一个辐射区域(5)，该成型机构造为，对所述空腔(4)内的材料进行冷却，以致形成基本上结晶的固体，其特征在于，与所述辐射区域(5)重叠地设置有一块体(6)，该块体与所述熔化容器(2)相比具有更高的透磁率，并且所述感应线圈(3)是设置在所述块体(6)和所述辐射区域(5)之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的成型机，其特征在于，所述块体(6)基本平行于所述感应线圈(3)的纵轴线(X)延伸。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的成型机，其特征在于，所述块体(6)的纵向长度基本上等于或大于所述感应线圈(3)的沿着纵轴线(X)的纵向长度。
4.如权利要求1至3之任一项所述的成型机，其特征在于，所述块体(6)构成为磁轭，优选具有朝向所述熔化容器(2)的U形轮廓。
5.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的成型机，其特征在于，所述块体(6)与所述感应线圈(3)相比具有更低的电导率。
6.如权利要求1至5之任一项所述的成型机，其特征在于，所述块体(6)由铁氧体材料制成，特别是由软磁性的铁氧体材料制成。
7.如权利要求1至6之任一项所述的成型机，其特征在于，所述材料是金属。
8.如权利要求1至7之任一项所述的成型机，其特征在于，所述熔化容器(2)大体上是圆柱形的。
9.如权利要求1至8之任一项所述的成型机，其特征在于，所述辐射区域(5)是由熔化容器(2)中的至少一个开口形成的。
10.如权利要求9所述的成型机，其特征在于，所述至少一个开口包括长孔。
11.如权利要求1至10之任一项所述的成型机，其特征在于，所述感应线圈(3)的至少一个导体回环包围所述熔化容器(2)，优选感应线圈(3)的基本上所有导体回环包围所述熔化容器(2)。
12.如权利要求8和权利要求11所述的成型机，其特征在于，所述感应线圈(3)和所述熔化容器(2)基本上同心地设置。
13.一种用于感应加热、特别是熔化和结晶硬化材料的方法，其中，-给熔化容器(2)配备电磁场基本上可穿透的辐射区域(5)，
-将材料设置在熔化容器(2)中并借助感应线圈(3)感应加热，
-使材料在成型空腔(4)内冷却，以致形成基本上结晶的固体，
-其特征在于，使用与所述辐射区域(5)重叠设置的块体(6)，该块体与所述熔化容器(2)相比具有更高的透磁率，并且所述感应线圈(3)设置在所述块体(6)和所述辐射区域(5)之间。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述材料在加热、特别是熔化之后，且在硬化之前，被输送到所述空腔(4)中。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述材料以杆棒、优选圆柱形杆棒的形式被提供。
16.一种包括熔化容器(2)和设置在该熔化容器(2)上的感应线圈(3)的装置的应用，其中，
-所述熔化容器(2)具有电磁场基本上可穿透的至少一个辐射区域(5)，
-与辐射区域(5)重叠地设置有一块体(6)，该块体与所述熔化容器(2)相比具有更高的透磁率，以及
-所述感应线圈(3)设置在所述块体(6)和所述辐射区域(5)之间，
所述装置用于感应加热、特别是熔化和基本上结晶硬化材料。
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