CN106310788A - 一种高吸附性能空气过滤材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高吸附性能空气过滤材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106310788A
CN106310788A CN201610880827.5A CN201610880827A CN106310788A CN 106310788 A CN106310788 A CN 106310788A CN 201610880827 A CN201610880827 A CN 201610880827A CN 106310788 A CN106310788 A CN 106310788A
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陈磊
伍海明
李文肖
韩乔乔
周智勇
张超
韩延坤
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2055—Carbonaceous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B01D46/0036—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by adsorption or absorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/02—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials
    • B01D2239/0208—Single-component fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0407—Additives and treatments of the filtering material comprising particulate additives, e.g. adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高吸附性能的空气过滤材料及其制备方法，将碳纤维毡作为空气过滤材料的基底，碳纤维毡经过催化剂处理之后，利用等离子化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术在纤维表面生长出均匀的一层碳纳米管，制备出碳纳米管增强碳纤维的高性能空气过滤材料。这种空气过滤材料的结构特点在于纤维上生长的CNTs增加了其本身的比表面积，提高了碳纤维毡的空气过滤效率。特别是PECVD这种方法使得碳纳米管在碳纤维表面能够更加稳定的存在，不易脱落。同时碳纤维毡以及CNTs均具备比较高的耐化学腐蚀性能，比传统的聚合物纤维更加适用于过滤材料。

Description

一种高吸附性能空气过滤材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织品结构设计领域，特别是涉及一种高吸附性能的空气过滤材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来随着我国雾霾天气的增加，大气污染特别是大气中悬浮颗粒的增加，破坏了生态平衡，威胁人们的健康，影响着企业的生产。因此，空气中颗粒物总量的控制特别是PM2.5的治理已成为环境领域研究的热点问题。空气过滤是抓捕、分离悬浮在空气中细微颗粒的一种方法。纤维空气过滤材料是由许多排列复杂的纤维搭建而成，传统的纤维空气过滤材料的孔径较大，即使是过滤性能较好的非织造布过滤材料的孔径在十至几十微米，过滤细小颗粒的效果并不良好。
碳纳米管是一种具有特殊结构的一维量子材料，由于其具有重量轻、超高表面积、异常的力学、电学和化学性能，被誉为未来最具影响力的基础材料，近年来的深入研究使其广阔的应用前景在不断的被展现出来。目前，碳纳米管应用于空气过滤领域常用的技术手段一般为使用溶液过滤或者气相生长的方法得到碳纳米管膜，然而，这种方法得到的碳纳米膜往往力学强度偏低，且由于碳纳米管之间排列过于紧密，导致碳纳米管膜具有非常大的阻力。因此这种方法得到的碳纳米管膜不利于在空气过滤中使用。此外，还有一些在多孔材料表面生长碳纳米管的方法，但这些方法都没有结合空气过滤的特性对过滤材料进行结构设计，所制备的材料往往具有过滤效率低、容尘量低的缺点。因此，开发一种基于碳纳米管的空气过滤材料及其制备方法，对于制备高性能的空气过滤材料，以及实现空气中的亚微米级颗粒污染物的高效去除具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决纤维在空气过滤方面吸附性能不足的问题，提供一种增强纤维吸附性能的空气过滤材料，以实现高效过滤空气中亚微米级别颗粒污染物。
为实现上述目的，本发明涉及的主要内容：
将碳纤维毡作为空气过滤材料的基底，碳纤维毡经过催化剂处理之后，利用等离子化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术在纤维表面生长出均匀的一层碳纳米管，制备出碳纳米管增强碳纤维吸附性能空气过滤材料。这种空气过滤材料的结构特点在于纤维上生长的CNTs增加了其本身的比表面积，强化了纤维对颗粒的吸附能力，提高了碳纤维毡的空气过滤效率。特别是PECVD这种方法使得碳纳米管在碳纤维表面稳定，不易脱落。同时碳纤维毡以及CNTs均具备比较高的耐化学腐蚀性能，比传统的聚合物纤维更加适用于过滤材料。
为实现上述目的，一种增强纤维吸附性能的空气过滤材料及其制备方法，包括以下步骤：
一、将碳纤维毡浸渍在催化剂溶液中催化处理后，在烘箱中烘干。将催化剂处理后的碳纤维毡放置在PECVD设备中处理，PECVD的功率为100～800W，沉积碳纳米管时长为10～80分钟，所使用的甲烷气体为碳源，氢气起到刻蚀和还原金属氧化物和金属盐类的作用，甲烷和氢气的流量比例是1∶2～1∶3。
所述的催化剂为硝酸镍或硝酸铁，催化剂溶剂为乙醇，催化剂溶液浓度为0.06～0.2mol/L。
二、采用NaCl气溶胶颗粒为过滤目标，颗粒直径为0.075±0.02μm。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明以碳纤维毡为基底，通过PECVD在碳纤维表面低温沉积一层碳纳米管，制备出一种增强纤维吸附性能的空气过滤材料。构建出这种增强纤维吸附性能的空气过滤材料，一方面提高纤维的机械性能，达到碳纤维毡在空气过滤方面免支撑的性能要求，另一方面，碳纤维表面生长碳纳米管增强了纤维立体结构，增加纤维比表面积，提高了纤维表面对颗粒物的吸附性能，从而提高了碳纤维毡的空气过滤效率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明提供的具有增强纤维吸附性能的空气过滤材料的制备方法进行详细说明。
实施例1：
一、配制浓度0.1mol/L的硝酸铁溶液，称取2.5克硝酸铁，同时用100mL的无水乙醇作为溶剂，利用超声波超声10min，将碳纤维毡浸渍在配制好的硝酸铁催化剂溶液中2小时，然后将碳纤维毡取出，放在100℃的烘箱中烘干。
二、将上述催化处理后的碳纤维表面进行PECVD生长碳纳米管，生长条件功率使用200W，氢气和甲烷的通量比例为3∶1，生长时间为20分钟。
实施例2：
一、配制浓度0.1mol/L的硝酸镍溶液，称取3克硝酸镍，同时用100mL的无水乙醇作为溶剂，利用超声波超声10min，将碳纤维毡在浸渍在配制好的硝酸镍催化剂溶液中2小时，然后将碳纤维毡取出，放在100℃的烘箱中烘干。
二、将上述催化处理后的碳纤维表面进行PECVD生长碳纳米管，生长条件功率使用400W，氢气和甲烷的通量比例为2.5∶1，生长时间为30分钟。
实施例3：
将实施例1所得复合碳纤维毡用NaCl气溶胶颗粒进行空气过滤测试，在PECVD生长CNTs之前，碳纤维毡的空气过滤效率为85.29％，过滤伴随的压力降为2000Pa，在生长碳纳米网之后，碳纤维毡的过滤效率为96.8％，过滤伴随的压力降为1830Pa，在经过720小时过滤后，截留率提升到89.0％和98.99％，过滤伴随的压力降提升到2300Pa和1980Pa。
实施例4：
将实施例2所得碳纤维毡用NaCl气溶胶颗粒进行空气过滤测试，在PECVD生长碳纳米纤维网之前，碳纤维毡的空气过滤效率为86.83％，过滤伴随的压力降为2010Pa，在生长碳纳米网之后，碳纤维毡的过滤效率为97.60％，过滤伴随的压力降为1990Pa，在经过720小时过滤后，截留率提升到90.1％和96.98％，过滤伴随的压力降提升到2400Pa和2000Pa。

Claims (6)

1.一种高吸附性能空气过滤材料及其制备方法，其过程在于：将碳纤维毡作为空气过滤材料的基底，碳纤维毡经过催化剂处理之后，通过等离子体化学气相沉积的方法在纤维表面生长碳纳米管，增强纤维的比表面积，强化碳纤维毡对颗粒物的吸附性能，提高碳纤维毡的空气过滤效率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述纤维的过滤材质可以为玻璃纤维、石英纤维以及金属纤维中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的催化剂可以为硝酸铁、氯化铁、硫酸铁、氯化镍、硫酸镍、氢氧化镍、硝酸镍、铜-镍、铜-钯、钯-银、钯-金、铂-金、铂-铜、铂-铑中的至少一种，催化剂溶液浓度为0.06～0.2mol/L。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述催化剂的溶剂可以为无水乙醇，去离子水中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述等离子体化学气相沉积的碳源可以为一氧化碳、甲烷、乙炔中的至少一种；保护气体为氢气，碳源气体和氢气的流量比例是1∶2～1∶5。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述等离子体化学气相沉积的功率为100～800W，沉积碳纳米管时长为10～80分钟。
CN201610880827.5A 2016-09-30 2016-09-30 一种高吸附性能空气过滤材料及其制备方法 Pending CN106310788A (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040007528A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-01-15 The Regents Of The University Of California Intertwined, free-standing carbon nanotube mesh for use as separation, concentration, and/or filtration medium
CN102433732A (zh) * 2011-08-02 2012-05-02 华东理工大学 一种在石英纤维表面合成碳纳米管阵列的方法
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CN103446804A (zh) * 2013-09-04 2013-12-18 清华大学 一种具有梯度结构的碳纳米管空气过滤材料及其制备方法
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