CN106284712A - 一种纳米增强聚氨酯泡沫与发泡水泥复合保温板 - Google Patents
一种纳米增强聚氨酯泡沫与发泡水泥复合保温板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纳米增强聚氨酯泡沫与发泡水泥复合保温板，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：废旧棉麻纤维3‑4、氯化石蜡1‑1.2、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚0.3‑0.34、超高细硅酸盐水泥45‑50、浓度为30wt%双氧水3.5‑4、石膏粉3‑3.5、硬脂酸2‑3、硫酸铝2.5‑3、有机硅乳1.6‑1.8、去离子水适量、聚氧化丙烯多元醇75‑80、异氰酸酯23‑25、五甲基二乙基三胺2.2‑2.4、正戊烷10‑12、甲基硅油1.5‑2、高聚磷酸铵8‑10、甲基磷酸二甲酯1‑1.2、纳米二氧化钛5‑6、硅烷偶联剂kh5501.5‑2、三乙醇胺3‑4。本发明复合保温板用作外墙保温时强度大，性能稳定，使用寿命长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建材技术领域，尤其涉及一种纳米增强聚氨酯泡沫与发泡水泥复合保温板。
背景技术
建筑节能政策和建筑防火规范的实施，推动了墙体保温材料的快速发展。聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料板、聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板、 酚醛泡沫塑料板等有机保温材料，因其保温隔热性能优异在建筑保温工程中得到了较为广泛的应用。聚氨酯泡沫致命的弱点就是燃烧性能，易被点燃，且燃烧过程释放有害气体。即使添加了阻燃剂也无法从根本上改变这一属性，建筑用聚氨酯泡沫板的最高燃烧级别也只能做到 B1 级。发泡水泥保温板、膨胀珍珠岩保温板、无机材料包裹聚苯颗粒保温板等无机保温材料， 可以达到燃烧性能分级的A级不燃材料标准要求，在建筑领域也得到了较为普遍的应用，但是由于其保温隔热性能低于有机保温材料，导热系数是有机保温材料的1.5-2倍，密度大，自重大，随着我国建筑节能要求的逐步提高，往往不能满足现行建筑节能设计标准要求。研发适应于现行建筑节能设计标准要求和防火规范的建筑保温材料已成为当前的研究热点。
《发泡水泥/注塑复合保温板的制备与性能研究》一文中，以发泡水泥保温板作为一侧模板，在模具中注塑发泡聚氨酯材料有机保温材料，经加温、加压成型，脱模后形成发泡水泥/注塑复合保温板，发泡水泥保温板位于发泡水泥/注塑复合保温板的外部，燃烧性能达A1级，当遇火遇热时， 热量主要集中在此，不会有太多的热量进入到聚氨酯保温层，能够起到防火的作用。制成的复合保温板具有良好的防火性能，而且厚度小，复合板整体密度低，降低了生产过程中的能耗，环保节能；但是由于发泡水泥层位于保温板的外部，质轻多孔的特点使其具有较高的吸水性，含水率越高，保温性越差，强度也越低，这就限制了复合保温板的应用，需要对此进行改性。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种纳米增强聚氨酯泡沫与发泡水泥复合保温板。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种纳米增强聚氨酯泡沫与发泡水泥复合保温板，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：废旧棉麻纤维3-4、氯化石蜡1-1.2、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚0.3-0.34、超高细硅酸盐水泥45-50、浓度为30wt%双氧水3.5-4、石膏粉3-3.5、硬脂酸2-3、硫酸铝2.5-3、有机硅乳1.6-1.8、去离子水适量、聚氧化丙烯多元醇75-80、异氰酸酯23-25、五甲基二乙基三胺2.2-2.4、正戊烷10-12、甲基硅油1.5-2、高聚磷酸铵8-10、甲基磷酸二甲酯1-1.2、纳米二氧化钛5-6、硅烷偶联剂kh5501.5-2、三乙醇胺3-4。
所述一种纳米增强聚氨酯泡沫与发泡水泥复合保温板，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）去除废弃棉麻纤维中杂质，并剪成10毫米左右的短纤维待用；将氯化石蜡在90-100℃的油浴中加热1-1.5小时，然后加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，搅拌30-40分钟后，加入总量3-4倍量的去离子水，然后冷却至室温后与上述短纤维混合，搅拌分散均匀后离心分离，干燥，得到防水改性增强纤维；
（2）将有机硅乳液与25-28倍量的去离子水混合均匀，然后加入超高细硅酸盐水泥、石膏粉，搅拌60-90秒后加入硬脂酸、硫酸铝，继续搅拌60-90秒后加入浓度为30wt%双氧水，快速搅拌10秒后后浇入模具，待发气完成后带模具养护24小时，然后拆模、切割，并用薄膜包裹养护28天得到发泡水泥；
（3）将硅烷偶联剂kh550溶于5-6倍量的去离子水中，搅拌并充分溶解形成溶液后与纳米二氧化钛混合，以600-800转/分的速度搅拌分散40-50分钟，然后离心、干燥，得到表面改性纳米二氧化钛粉末，最后与异氰酸酯混合，超声分散30-40分钟，得到改性异氰酸酯；
（4）将聚氧化丙烯多元醇与正戊烷混合，然后加入五甲基二乙基三胺以及与其等量的去离子水、甲基磷酸二甲酯以及其余剩余成分，室温下以800-1000转/分的速度搅拌100-120秒，最后加入步骤（3）得到的改性异氰酸酯，搅拌10-15秒后注入以步骤（2）得到的发泡水泥为一侧模板的模具中，在压力为13-16MPa，温度为40-50℃下成型，最后在90-100℃下熟化15-20分钟，脱模，即得。
本发明的优点是：本发明将采用发泡水泥作为一侧模板，将聚氨酯泡沫注塑在其表面，在注塑成型的过程中，聚氨酯成分渗透到发泡水泥保温板内部并固化定型，形成良好的结合界面，提高了界面结合强度，且不需要额外添加胶黏剂，节能环保，同时由于发泡水泥层位于复合保温板的外侧，当遇火遇热时，热量主要集中在此，不会有太多的热量进入到聚氨酯保温层，能够起到防火的作用。同时发泡水泥材料层作为聚氨酯泡沫保温层与外界的过渡层，起到中间过渡作用，降低聚氨酯保温板的内外温度差及尺寸稳定性问题，进而提高系统的整体质量。本发明在发泡水泥的制备中添加废弃棉麻纤维，通过氯化石蜡的处理，提高了防水性能，进一步提高了阻燃性能，降低了发泡水泥层的吸水率，提高了复合保温板的保温效果，同时节能环保，降低了生产成本。
本发明将纳米二氧化硅通过表面改性均匀的分散在多异氰酸酯中，再与聚氧化丙烯多元醇进行混合发泡，纳米颗粒能够均匀的分布在泡孔表层，泡孔细密均匀，提高了聚氨酯泡沫材料的拉伸轻度与压缩强度，起到良好的增强效果；本发明复合保温板用作外墙保温时强度大，性能稳定，使用寿命长。
具体实施方式
一种纳米增强聚氨酯泡沫与发泡水泥复合保温板，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制备制成：废旧棉麻纤维3、氯化石蜡1、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚0.3、超高细硅酸盐水泥45、浓度为30wt%双氧水3.5、石膏粉3、硬脂酸2、硫酸铝2.5、有机硅乳1.6、去离子水适量、聚氧化丙烯多元醇75、异氰酸酯23、五甲基二乙基三胺2.2、正戊烷10、甲基硅油1.5、高聚磷酸铵8、甲基磷酸二甲酯1、纳米二氧化钛5、硅烷偶联剂kh5501.5、三乙醇胺3。
所述一种纳米增强聚氨酯泡沫与发泡水泥复合保温板，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）去除废弃棉麻纤维中杂质，并剪成10毫米左右的短纤维待用；将氯化石蜡在90℃的油浴中加热1小时，然后加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，搅拌30分钟后，加入总量3倍量的去离子水，然后冷却至室温后与上述短纤维混合，搅拌分散均匀后离心分离，干燥，得到防水改性增强纤维；
（2）将有机硅乳液与25倍量的去离子水混合均匀，然后加入超高细硅酸盐水泥、石膏粉，搅拌60秒后加入硬脂酸、硫酸铝，继续搅拌60秒后加入浓度为30wt%双氧水，快速搅拌10秒后后浇入模具，待发气完成后带模具养护24小时，然后拆模、切割，并用薄膜包裹养护28天得到发泡水泥；
（3）将硅烷偶联剂kh550溶于5倍量的去离子水中，搅拌并充分溶解形成溶液后与纳米二氧化钛混合，以600转/分的速度搅拌分散40分钟，然后离心、干燥，得到表面改性纳米二氧化钛粉末，最后与异氰酸酯混合，超声分散30分钟，得到改性异氰酸酯；
（4）将聚氧化丙烯多元醇与正戊烷混合，然后加入五甲基二乙基三胺以及与其等量的去离子水、甲基磷酸二甲酯以及其余剩余成分，室温下以800转/分的速度搅拌100秒，最后加入步骤（3）得到的改性异氰酸酯，搅拌10秒后注入以步骤（2）得到的发泡水泥为一侧模板的模具中，在压力为13MPa，温度为40℃下成型，最后在90℃下熟化15分钟，脱模，即得。
经过试验检测，本发明复合保温板的干表观密度为90.1kg/m3，复合导热系数为0.0295 W/（m•K），垂直于板面方向的抗拉强度大于100 kPa。
Claims (2)
1.一种纳米增强聚氨酯泡沫与发泡水泥复合保温板，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：废旧棉麻纤维3-4、氯化石蜡1-1.2、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚0.3-0.34、超高细硅酸盐水泥45-50、浓度为30wt%双氧水3.5-4、石膏粉3-3.5、硬脂酸2-3、硫酸铝2.5-3、有机硅乳1.6-1.8、去离子水适量、聚氧化丙烯多元醇75-80、异氰酸酯23-25、五甲基二乙基三胺2.2-2.4、正戊烷10-12、甲基硅油1.5-2、高聚磷酸铵8-10、甲基磷酸二甲酯1-1.2、纳米二氧化钛5-6、硅烷偶联剂kh5501.5-2、三乙醇胺3-4。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种纳米增强聚氨酯泡沫与发泡水泥复合保温板，其特征在于，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）去除废弃棉麻纤维中杂质，并剪成10毫米左右的短纤维待用；将氯化石蜡在90-100℃的油浴中加热1-1.5小时，然后加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，搅拌30-40分钟后，加入总量3-4倍量的去离子水，然后冷却至室温后与上述短纤维混合，搅拌分散均匀后离心分离，干燥，得到防水改性增强纤维；
（2）将有机硅乳液与25-28倍量的去离子水混合均匀，然后加入超高细硅酸盐水泥、石膏粉，搅拌60-90秒后加入硬脂酸、硫酸铝，继续搅拌60-90秒后加入浓度为30wt%双氧水，快速搅拌10秒后后浇入模具，待发气完成后带模具养护24小时，然后拆模、切割，并用薄膜包裹养护28天得到发泡水泥；
（3）将硅烷偶联剂kh550溶于5-6倍量的去离子水中，搅拌并充分溶解形成溶液后与纳米二氧化钛混合，以600-800转/分的速度搅拌分散40-50分钟，然后离心、干燥，得到表面改性纳米二氧化钛粉末，最后与异氰酸酯混合，超声分散30-40分钟，得到改性异氰酸酯；
（4）将聚氧化丙烯多元醇与正戊烷混合，然后加入五甲基二乙基三胺以及与其等量的去离子水、甲基磷酸二甲酯以及其余剩余成分，室温下以800-1000转/分的速度搅拌100-120秒，最后加入步骤（3）得到的改性异氰酸酯，搅拌10-15秒后注入以步骤（2）得到的发泡水泥为一侧模板的模具中，在压力为13-16MPa，温度为40-50℃下成型，最后在90-100℃下熟化15-20分钟，脱模，即得。
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