CN106284208B - 一种抗冲击堤坝 - Google Patents

一种抗冲击堤坝 Download PDF

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CN106284208B
CN106284208B CN201610827070.3A CN201610827070A CN106284208B CN 106284208 B CN106284208 B CN 106284208B CN 201610827070 A CN201610827070 A CN 201610827070A CN 106284208 B CN106284208 B CN 106284208B
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向杰
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Chongqing Water Resources and Electric Engineering College
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Abstract

一种抗冲击堤坝，包括数个堤坝单元，每个堤坝单元由前边坡和后边坡组成，前边坡的上均匀设有数根钢筋，钢筋的一端浇筑在堤坝单元内，钢筋的另一端设有弧形座，钢筋垂直于前边坡，钢筋的外周浇筑锥台，锥台的下底与堤坝单元的前边坡贴合，锥台的上底与弧形座的底部贴合，锥台之间的前边坡上浇筑加强层。本发明中，水流对堤坝冲击时，水流在依然是直接冲击在锥台的前段，水流会沿锥台的外周被分流，冲击力同时被分解，分解后的水流斜向冲击在前边坡上，从而有效提高了堤坝的抗冲击能力。锥台通过钢筋固定，稳定性较高，锥台的上底处安装了弧形座，弧面能够缓解直接冲击而来的水流，增加抗冲击能力，弧形座对锥台的上底进行保护，延长锥台的寿命。

Description

一种抗冲击堤坝
技术领域
本发明属于水利工程领域，具体地说是一种抗冲击堤坝。
背景技术
堤坝是防洪抗洪的重要设备。堤坝的前边坡受到水的冲击较大，水流直接对堤坝的前边坡进行冲击容易造成堤坝的损坏。目前，多采用在堤坝的前边坡上填充碎石，以缓冲来自水流的冲击，但是碎石形状不一，会引起部分水流急剧增速对堤坝部分地区造成更为严重的冲击。
发明内容
本发明提供一种抗冲击堤坝，用以解决现有技术中的缺陷。
本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种抗冲击堤坝，包括数个堤坝单元，每个堤坝单元由前边坡和后边坡组成，前边坡的上均匀设有数根钢筋，钢筋的一端浇筑在堤坝单元内，钢筋的另一端设有弧形座，钢筋垂直于前边坡，钢筋的外周浇筑锥台，锥台的下底与堤坝单元的前边坡贴合，锥台的上底与弧形座的底部贴合，锥台之间的前边坡上浇筑加强层。
如上所述的一种抗冲击堤坝，所述的堤坝单元的后边坡的侧边处开设数个安装孔，相邻的堤坝单元之间设有U型的固定架，固定架的侧边设有安装座，安装座通过锚固钉固定在相邻的堤坝单元的各自的安装孔内，固定架的中部开设螺孔，螺孔内设有套管，套管的外周设有外螺纹，外螺纹能够与螺孔配合，套管朝向后边坡的一端安装塞子，套管的另一端安装旋转把手，塞子上开设数条导流孔，导流孔的一端位于塞子的周边，导流孔的另一端与套管内部连通，套管另一端的内侧接通推管，推管内设有活塞杆。
如上所述的一种抗冲击堤坝，所述的锥台由混凝土浇筑成型，所述的混凝由土下述重量份原料组成：普通硅酸盐水泥80-100份、铁粉5-8份、亚硫酸钠粉1-3份、粉煤灰8-20份、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物1-5份、玉米淀粉糖蜜1-4份、铝氧熟料3-10份、蓖麻油酸甲酯0.5-4份、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸1-2.5份、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯0.2-0.8份、聚丙烯酸钠1-5份、气相白炭黑3-5份、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚2-6份、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛1-5份、脲醛树脂1-3份、苯磺酸2-5份、水40-60份。
如上所述的一种抗冲击堤坝，所述的混凝由土下述重量份原料组成：普通硅酸盐水泥80份、铁粉6份、亚硫酸钠粉3份、粉煤灰8份、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物3份、玉米淀粉糖蜜4份、铝氧熟料3份、蓖麻油酸甲酯2.5份、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸2.5份、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯0.2份、聚丙烯酸钠3份、气相白炭黑5份、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚2份、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛3份、脲醛树脂3份、苯磺酸5份、水40份。
如上所述的一种抗冲击堤坝，所述的混凝由土下述重量份原料组成：普通硅酸盐水泥90份、铁粉8份、亚硫酸钠粉1份、粉煤灰14份、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物5份、玉米淀粉糖蜜1份、铝氧熟料6份、蓖麻油酸甲酯4份、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸1份、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯0.4份、聚丙烯酸钠5份、气相白炭黑3份、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚4份、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛5份、脲醛树脂1份、苯磺酸2份、水50份。
如上所述的一种抗冲击堤坝，所述的混凝由土下述重量份原料组成：普通硅酸盐水泥100份、铁粉5份、亚硫酸钠粉2份、粉煤灰20份、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物1份、玉米淀粉糖蜜3份、铝氧熟料10份、蓖麻油酸甲酯0.5份、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸1.5份、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯0.8份、聚丙烯酸钠1份、气相白炭黑4份、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚6份、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛1份、脲醛树脂2份、苯磺酸4份、水60份。
本发明的优点是：本发明中，水流对堤坝冲击时，水流在依然是直接冲击在锥台的前段，水流会沿锥台的外周被分流，冲击力同时被分解，分解后的水流斜向冲击在前边坡上，从而有效提高了堤坝的抗冲击能力。锥台通过钢筋固定，稳定性较高，锥台的上底处安装了弧形座，弧面能够缓解直接冲击而来的水流，增加抗冲击能力，弧形座对锥台的上底进行保护，延长锥台的寿命。对于分解后冲击到前边坡上的水流，又经过加强层进行二次防护，进一步提高抗冲击能力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明结构示意图；图2是图1的A向视图的放大图。
附图标记：1前边坡 2后边坡 3钢筋 4弧形座 5锥台 6加强层 7固定架 8安装座9安装孔 10螺孔 11套管 12塞子 13旋转把手 14导流孔 15推管 16活塞杆。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种抗冲击堤坝，如图1所示，包括数个堤坝单元，每个堤坝单元由前边坡1和后边坡2组成，前边坡1的上均匀设有数根钢筋3，钢筋3的一端浇筑在堤坝单元内，钢筋3的另一端设有弧形座4，钢筋3垂直于前边坡1，钢筋3的外周浇筑锥台5，锥台5的下底与堤坝单元的前边坡1贴合，锥台5的上底与弧形座4的底部贴合，锥台5之间的前边坡1上浇筑加强层6。本发明中，水流对堤坝冲击时，水流在依然是直接冲击在锥台5的前段，水流会沿锥台5的外周被分流，冲击力同时被分解，分解后的水流斜向冲击在前边坡1上，从而有效提高了堤坝的抗冲击能力。锥台5通过钢筋3固定，稳定性较高，锥台5的上底处安装了弧形座4，弧面能够缓解直接冲击而来的水流，增加抗冲击能力，弧形座4对锥台5的上底进行保护，延长锥台5的寿命。对于分解后冲击到前边坡1上的水流，又经过加强层6进行二次防护，进一步提高抗冲击能力。
具体而言，堤坝单元之间的连接处在冲击过程中最为脆弱，该处最容易出现漏水情况，如图2所示，本实施例所述的堤坝单元的后边坡2的侧边处开设安装孔9，相邻的堤坝单元之间设有U型的固定架7，固定架7的侧边设有安装座8，安装座8通过锚固钉固定在相邻的堤坝单元的各自对应的安装孔9内，固定架7的中部开设螺孔10，螺孔10内设有套管11，套管11的外周设有外螺纹，外螺纹能够与螺孔10配合，套管11朝向后边坡2的一端安装塞子12，套管11的另一端安装旋转把手13，塞子12上开设数条导流孔14，导流孔14的一端位于塞子12的周边，导流孔14的另一端与套管11内部连通，套管11另一端的内侧接通推管15，推管15内设有活塞杆16。当出现小的水孔后，将固定架7安装在水孔上部，将塞子12堵住水孔，转动旋转把手13将塞子12推入至水孔内，推管15内填充堵漏剂，通过活塞杆16将堵漏剂12推入至套管11内，然后再由塞子12上的导流孔14内流入制水孔内进行堵漏，防止漏水扩大。
具体的，本实施例所述的锥台5由混凝土浇筑成型，所述的混凝由土下述重量份原料组成：普通硅酸盐水泥80-100份、铁粉5-8份、亚硫酸钠粉1-3份、粉煤灰8-20份、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物1-5份、玉米淀粉糖蜜1-4份、铝氧熟料3-10份、蓖麻油酸甲酯0.5-4份、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸1-2.5份、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯0.2-0.8份、聚丙烯酸钠1-5份、气相白炭黑3-5份、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚2-6份、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛1-5份、脲醛树脂1-3份、苯磺酸2-5份、水40-60份。
所述的混凝土的制备方法为： ①将普通硅酸盐水泥、水平均分为两份，其中第一份普通硅酸盐水泥、水与铁粉、粉煤灰、玉米淀粉糖蜜、蓖麻油酸甲酯、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯、气相白炭黑、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛、苯磺酸搅拌混合，搅拌温度为-10-0℃，搅拌时间为30-40分钟，得到混合物Ⅰ ②第二份普通硅酸盐水泥、水与亚硫酸钠粉、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物、铝氧熟料、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸、聚丙烯酸钠、气相白炭黑、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚、脲醛树脂、苯磺酸搅拌混合，搅拌温度为50-60℃，搅拌时间为40-50分钟，得到混合物Ⅱ； ③将步骤①得到的混合物Ⅰ、步骤②得到的混合物Ⅱ搅拌混合，搅拌温度为25℃，搅拌时间为60-70分钟，得到混凝土。
混凝土通过多种原料之间的协同作用，有效降低普通硅酸盐水泥在成型后孔隙较大的问题，使铁粉、亚硫酸钠粉、粉煤灰等聚集填充在孔隙中，微观状态下铁粉表面会形成一层保护膜，减少氧化，保持长久硬度不发生变化，延长使用寿命。制成的锥台5成型后的混凝土建筑适用于长期浸泡在水中，减少对混凝土表面的侵蚀，防止霉菌的侵蚀。
所述的混凝土由下述实施例的重量份原料组成：
实施例一：普通硅酸盐水泥80份、铁粉6份、亚硫酸钠粉3份、粉煤灰8份、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物3份、玉米淀粉糖蜜4份、铝氧熟料3份、蓖麻油酸甲酯2.5份、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸2.5份、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯0.2份、聚丙烯酸钠3份、气相白炭黑5份、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚2份、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛3份、脲醛树脂3份、苯磺酸5份、水40份。
实施例二：普通硅酸盐水泥90份、铁粉8份、亚硫酸钠粉1份、粉煤灰14份、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物5份、玉米淀粉糖蜜1份、铝氧熟料6份、蓖麻油酸甲酯4份、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸1份、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯0.4份、聚丙烯酸钠5份、气相白炭黑3份、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚4份、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛5份、脲醛树脂1份、苯磺酸2份、水50份。
实施例三：普通硅酸盐水泥100份、铁粉5份、亚硫酸钠粉2份、粉煤灰20份、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物1份、玉米淀粉糖蜜3份、铝氧熟料10份、蓖麻油酸甲酯0.5份、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸1.5份、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯0.8份、聚丙烯酸钠1份、气相白炭黑4份、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚6份、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛1份、脲醛树脂2份、苯磺酸4份、水60份。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种抗冲击堤坝，其特征在于：包括数个堤坝单元，每个堤坝单元由前边坡（1）和后边坡（2）组成，前边坡（1）上均匀设有数根钢筋（3），钢筋（3）的一端浇筑在堤坝单元内，钢筋（3）的另一端设有弧形座（4），钢筋（3）垂直于前边坡（1），钢筋（3）的外周浇筑锥台（5），锥台（5）的下底与堤坝单元的前边坡（1）贴合，锥台（5）的上底与弧形座（4）的底部贴合，锥台（5）之间的前边坡（1）上浇筑加强层（6）；所述的堤坝单元的后边坡（2）的侧边处开设安装孔（9），相邻的堤坝单元之间设有U型的固定架（7），固定架（7）的侧边设有安装座（8），安装座（8）通过锚固钉固定在相邻的堤坝单元的各自对应的安装孔（9）内，固定架（7）的中部开设螺孔（10），螺孔（10）内设有套管（11），套管（11）的外周设有外螺纹，外螺纹能够与螺孔（10）配合，套管（11）朝向后边坡（2）的一端安装塞子（12），套管（11）的另一端安装旋转把手（13），塞子（12）上开设数条导流孔（14），导流孔（14）的一端位于塞子（12）的周边，导流孔（14）的另一端与套管（11）内部连通，套管（11）另一端的内侧接通推管（15），推管（15）内设有活塞杆（16）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冲击堤坝，其特征在于：所述的锥台（5）由混凝土浇筑成型，所述的混凝土由 下述重量份原料组成：普通硅酸盐水泥80-100份、铁粉5-8份、亚硫酸钠粉1-3份、粉煤灰8-20份、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物1-5份、玉米淀粉糖蜜1-4份、铝氧熟料3-10份、蓖麻油酸甲酯0.5-4份、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸1-2.5份、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯0.2-0.8份、聚丙烯酸钠1-5份、气相白炭黑3-5份、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚2-6份、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛1-5份、脲醛树脂1-3份、苯磺酸2-5份、水40-60份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗冲击堤坝，其特征在于：所述的混凝土由下述重量份原料组成：普通硅酸盐水泥80份、铁粉6份、亚硫酸钠粉3份、粉煤灰8份、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物3份、玉米淀粉糖蜜4份、铝氧熟料3份、蓖麻油酸甲酯2.5份、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸2.5份、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯0.2份、聚丙烯酸钠3份、气相白炭黑5份、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚2份、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛3份、脲醛树脂3份、苯磺酸5份、水40份。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗冲击堤坝，其特征在于：所述的混凝土由下述重量份原料组成：普通硅酸盐水泥90份、铁粉8份、亚硫酸钠粉1份、粉煤灰14份、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物5份、玉米淀粉糖蜜1份、铝氧熟料6份、蓖麻油酸甲酯4份、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸1份、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯0.4份、聚丙烯酸钠5份、气相白炭黑3份、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚4份、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛5份、脲醛树脂1份、苯磺酸2份、水50份。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗冲击堤坝，其特征在于：所述的混凝土由下述重量份原料组成：普通硅酸盐水泥100份、铁粉5份、亚硫酸钠粉2份、粉煤灰20份、硫化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物1份、玉米淀粉糖蜜3份、铝氧熟料10份、蓖麻油酸甲酯0.5份、4，4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-二磺酸1.5份、β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯0.8份、聚丙烯酸钠1份、气相白炭黑4份、脂肪醇聚环氧乙烷醚6份、反-2顺-6-壬二烯醛1份、脲醛树脂2份、苯磺酸4份、水60份。
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