CN106282860B - Gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device and method - Google Patents
Gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106282860B CN106282860B CN201610723671.XA CN201610723671A CN106282860B CN 106282860 B CN106282860 B CN 106282860B CN 201610723671 A CN201610723671 A CN 201610723671A CN 106282860 B CN106282860 B CN 106282860B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device and method, device includes the warm stamping/quenching mould of ladder, and mould includes punching press heating arrangements and punching press cooling body；Punching press heating arrangements include being connected with the first electronic thermostat by the first current regulator and the first temperature sensor along faying face the first heating rod spaced apart being arranged in punching press punch-pin and stamping cavity die of punching press punch-pin and stamping cavity die, each first heating rod；Punching press cooling body includes multiple first cooling water holes being arranged on along the faying face of punching press punch-pin and stamping cavity die in punching press punch-pin and stamping cavity die, first cooling water hole is arranged at the gradient node of gradient temperature, and each first cooling water hole is connected with the first electronic thermostat respectively by the first electromagnetic throttle valve and second temperature sensor.The present invention quenches the processing of differential temperature artificial aging by be dissolved in the stamping differential temperature mould of the gradient temperature difference to blank, obtains high-performance aluminium alloy bodywork parts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy plate materials heat treatment process forming technology, and in particular to a kind of gradient mechanical property aluminium
Alloy vehicle body part forming device and method.
Background technology
Due to saving the needs with environmental protection, the lightweight of automobile has become the trend of world car development.Automobile it is light
Quantify, be exactly the kerb weight for reducing automobile as much as possible on the premise of the intensity and security performance of automobile is ensured, so as to subtract
Few fuel consumption, reduces exhaust emission.It is demonstrated experimentally that car mass reduces half, fuel consumption can also reduce nearly half.Vapour
Car lightweight develops, and new requirement is proposed to material, and the application of aluminium alloy is the important channel of automotive light weight technology.Automobile-used aluminium
Alloy material has a series of good characteristics, and such as density small (about 1/3rd of steel), specific strength and specific stiffness are high, elastic
It is good, shock resistance is good, corrosion-resistant, wear-resisting, high heat conduction, good processing forming and high reclaiming etc..
High-performance bodywork parts aluminum alloy materials are mostly heat-treatable strengthened wrought aluminium alloys, pass through solid solution, drop stamping
And artificial aging reinforcement process process, good process for stamping and forming performance and the mechanical property of part can be reached.Aluminium alloy
Ageing strengthening be a considerably complicated process, it is not only decided by the composition of alloy, aging technique, additionally depends on alloy and exists
The defects of being caused in production process, particularly room, the quantity of dislocation and distribution etc..Generally believe that ageing strengthening is solute at present
Atom segregation forms the result of hardening zone.Aluminium alloy forms room in solid solution in alloy, fast due to cooling down in quenching,
These rooms have little time to remove, and are just " fixed " in crystal, form supersaturated solid solution.Because supersaturated solid solution is in not
Stable state, inevitable to change to poised state, the presence in room accelerates the precipitation diffusion velocity of solute atoms, thus accelerates
The segregation of solute atoms.And the size and number of hardening zone depends on solid solubility temperature and quenching cooling velocity.Solid solubility temperature is got over
Height, vacancy concentration is bigger, and the quantity of hardening zone is also more, and the size of hardening zone reduces.It is bigger to quench cooling velocity, solid solution
Interior fixed room is more, is advantageous to increase the quantity of hardening zone, reduces the size of hardening zone.The one of precipitation hardening alloy system
Individual essential characteristic is the equilirbium solid solubility changed with temperature, i.e., most of to be heat-treated by force with temperature increase solid solubility increase
The aluminium alloy of change all meets this condition.
This special character of aluminium alloy determines, is intended to the automobile lightweight " with aluminium for steel ", must just seek " because of material
The machining manufacture of suiting measures to different conditions ".The drop stamping processing of the Sheet Metal Forming Technology of steel at present, especially high-strength steel, its method seldom can be real
Existing gradient temperature difference processing is to reach more performance requirements of single component, though have, but and thermal conductivity relatively low for drop stamping temperature
Do not applied to for preferable aluminium alloy yet.Controlled at present also by thermal barrier coating the modularization differential temperature of cooling velocity or mould into
Shape, but it has that temperature gradient distributing position is set can not to change the shortcomings of can not being adjusted with gradient temperature range, for the trade mark
It is numerous, it is heat-treated for different wrought aluminium alloy and does not also apply to.Key is that aluminum alloy plate materials must be dissolved before stamping
Processing, must carry out ageing strengthening again after punching press, its gradient performance is largely dependent on inhomogeneous deformation and later stage after solid solution
Differential quenching and the cooperation of artificial aging, and steel only needs austenitizing to handle, without the needs of ageing strengthening, so, based on aluminium
The specially treated of alloy, the drop stamping of aluminum alloy plate materials to be directed to are processed, and realize more performance requirements of single component, i.e. gradient force
Performance part is learned it is necessary to " customized ", designs and reaches the processing of the gradient temperature difference, the interior quenching of differential temperature mould and differential temperature artificial aging etc.
The processing method of integral type.
The content of the invention
According to above mentioned problem and requirement and the solid solution aging principle of aluminium alloy, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ladder
Spend mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device and method, it by blank be dissolved-the gradient temperature difference is stamping-
Quenching-differential temperature artificial aging processing, can obtain high-performance aluminium alloy bodywork parts in differential temperature mould.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device, the device include the warm stamping/quenching mould of ladder
Tool and differential temperature artificial aging mould, the warm stamping/quenching mould of ladder include punching press punch-pin and the stamped female being oppositely arranged
Mould and punching press blank holder, the warm stamping/quenching mould of ladder also include punching press heating arrangements and punching press cooling body；Its
In,
The punching press heating arrangements include the first heating rod, the first current regulator, the first power supply, the first temperature sensor
With the first electronic thermostat, faying face of multiple first heating rods along punching press punch-pin and stamping cavity die is spaced apart to be arranged on
In punching press punch-pin and stamping cavity die, each first heating rod is connected by corresponding first current regulator with the first power supply, often
First temperature sensor corresponding to being provided with individual first heating rod, all first current regulators and the first temperature sensor point
It is not connected with the first electronic thermostat；
The punching press cooling body includes the first cooling water hole, the first electromagnetic throttle valve and second temperature sensor, multiple
At least one first heating rod in faying face interval of first cooling water hole along punching press punch-pin and stamping cavity die is arranged on punching press punch-pin
In stamping cavity die, first cooling water hole is arranged at the gradient node of gradient temperature, and each first cooling water hole enters
The first electromagnetic throttle valve and second temperature sensor, all first electromagnetic throttle valves and second temperature sensor point are provided with mouthful
It is not connected with the first electronic thermostat.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, connect positioned at the first heating rod described in the middle position of the punching press punch-pin and stamping cavity die
Continuous arrangement, the first heating rod and the first cooling water hole alternating at the end positions of the punching press punch-pin and stamping cavity die
Arrangement.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the differential temperature artificial aging mould include two clamping moulds, be arranged on two clamping moulds it
Between multiple intermediate dies and be arranged on each clamping mould and timeliness heating arrangements and timeliness cooling body in intermediate die；
The timeliness heating arrangements include the second heating rod, the second current regulator, second source, three-temperature sensor
With the second electronic thermostat, at least one second heating rod be arranged on clamping mould or intermediate die middle position, each second
Heating rod is connected by corresponding second current regulator with second source, and the corresponding 3rd is provided with each second heating rod
Temperature sensor, all second current regulators and three-temperature sensor are connected with the second electronic thermostat respectively；
The timeliness cooling body includes the second cooling water hole, the second electromagnetic throttle valve and the 4th temperature sensor, described
Second cooling water hole is arranged on the both ends of the second heating rod, and the porch of each second cooling water hole is provided with the throttling of the second electromagnetism
Valve and the 4th temperature sensor, all second electromagnetic throttle valves and the 4th temperature sensor connect with the second electronic thermostat respectively
Connect.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the quantity of second heating rod is two.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a kind of gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming side based on said apparatus
Method, comprise the following steps：
S1, solid solution pre-treatment：Aluminum alloy blank is put into resistance furnace and carries out solution treatment；
S2, ladder temperature are stamping：
Before S201, punching press, the first power supply is opened, the first electronic thermostat is the according to corresponding to being adjusted the gradient temperature of setting
The size of current of one current regulator, and then the heating-up temperature of corresponding first heating rod is controlled, heat punching press punch-pin and punching press
Cavity plate, establish preliminary gradient temperature；
S202, after a period of time, coolant is led into the first cooling water hole, heat transfer is stopped, to prevent because of heat
Conduct and cause the gradient temperature difference gradual convergent and unstability during punch process, the first electronic thermostat is according to receiving
The temperature data for corresponding first cooling water hole that second temperature sensor collects, corresponding first electromagnetic throttle valve is adjusted,
And then the break-make or uninterrupted of coolant in first cooling water hole are controlled, meanwhile, the first electronic thermostat is according to receiving
The temperature data of corresponding first heating rod that collects of the first temperature sensor, adjust corresponding first current regulator
Size of current, and then the heating-up temperature of first heating rod is controlled, the gradient temperature of dynamic equilibrium is established, terraced temperature is struck out
The temperature control of shape/quenching mould setting gradient temperature value and keep constant；
S203, the aluminum alloy blank in step S1 after solution treatment is quickly placed into step S202 set
In the warm stamping/quenching mould of ladder of the gradient temperature difference and position clamping；
Warm stamping/quenching mould the closure of S204, ladder carries out punching press, during punching press punch-pin is descending, has established
The punching press punch-pin and stamping cavity die of the gradient temperature difference are played, this gradient temperature difference is delivered into the stamping aluminium of dynamic by heat transfer closes
On golden blank, it is set also to reach the identical gradient temperature difference, and it is stamping, obtain Al alloy parts.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, in addition to step：
Quenching Treatment in S3, differential temperature mould：
S301, by the Al alloy parts with the gradient temperature difference obtained in step S204 terraced temperature it is stamping/quenching mould
1~60s of pressurize in tool；
While S302, pressurize, according to the gradient temperature of setting, into the first cooling water hole, full flow is passed through not equality of temperature
The coolant of degree, the temperature of coolant are gradually reduced from center to both ends, establish preliminary gradient temperature；
S303, after a period of time, correspondence that the first electronic thermostat collects according to the second temperature sensor received
The first cooling water hole temperature data, adjust corresponding first electromagnetic throttle valve, and then control cold in first cooling water hole
But the break-make or uninterrupted of liquid, the dynamic of the temperature difference is constant when realizing temperature difference quenching, by terraced warm stamping/quenching mould
Gradient temperature value of the temperature control in setting；
During S304, Quenching Treatment, temperature edges up fluctuation, repeat step S302 and step S303, until the warm punching press of ladder
The thermograde of shaping/quenching mould is established and balanced again, after the completion of Quenching Treatment, the Al alloy parts after being quenched.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, in addition to step：
S4, artificial aging processing：
Before S401, Ageing Treatment, second source is opened, the second electronic thermostat adjusts corresponding according to the gradient temperature of setting
The second current regulator size of current, and then control the heating-up temperature of corresponding second heating rod, heating clamping mould and in
Between mould, establish preliminary gradient temperature；
S402, after a period of time, coolant is led into the second cooling water hole, the second electronic thermostat is according to the received
The temperature data for corresponding second cooling water hole that four temperature sensors collect, corresponding second electromagnetic throttle valve is adjusted, is entered
And the break-make or uninterrupted of coolant in second cooling water hole are controlled, meanwhile, second electronic thermostat is according to receiving
The temperature data for corresponding second heating rod that three-temperature sensor collects, adjust the electricity of corresponding second current regulator
Size is flowed, and then controls the heating-up temperature of second heating rod, the gradient temperature of dynamic equilibrium is established, by differential temperature artificial aging
The temperature control of mould setting gradient temperature value and keep constant；
S403, after the Al alloy parts trimming after being quenched in step S304 is repaired and coats upper insulation material, it is transferred to
Set in step S402 on the differential temperature artificial aging mould of the gradient temperature difference, after the completion of artificial aging processing, strengthened part
Mutually separate out, you can obtain the aluminum alloy part with gradient mechanical property.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, before punching press, the solid solution temperature of aluminum alloy blank is 450 DEG C~550 DEG C, and the time is
0.3~1h；The stamping gradient temperature scope of aluminum alloy blank is 250 DEG C~530 DEG C；The temperature of Al alloy parts Quenching Treatment
Poor scope is 100 DEG C~10 DEG C；The temperature range of Al alloy parts artificial aging processing is 190 DEG C~140 DEG C, and aging time is
4~16h.
The beneficial effect comprise that：The potential of the invention for fully excavating aluminium alloy, is being changed without material, is not increasing
Scantling dosage, in the case of not developing new die, simply by the improvement to existing mold, heating arrangements are set in mould
And cooling body, gradient temperature is formed, so as to obtain mechanical performance gradient part, and then realizes that more performances of single component will
Ask, high-performance aluminium alloy bodywork parts can be obtained.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the stamping/quenching mould of ladder temperature in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of differential temperature artificial aging mould in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure：Warm stamping/quenching the mould of 1- aluminum alloy blanks, 2- Al alloy parts, 3- aluminum alloy parts, 100- ladders
Tool, 101- punching presses punch-pin, 102- punching presses blank holder, the heating rods of 104- first, the cooling water holes of 105- first, 106- stamping cavity dies,
In the temperature sensors of 107- first, 108- second temperature sensors, 300- differential temperature artificial agings mould, 301- clampings mould, 302-
Between mould, the heating rods of 303- second, 304- three-temperature sensors, the cooling water holes of 305- second, the temperature sensors of 306- the 4th,
307- cover layers.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
A kind of gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device, as shown in Fig. 2 the device strikes out including terraced temperature
Shape/quenching mould 100 and differential temperature artificial aging mould 300, what the stamping/quenching mould 100 of ladder temperature included being oppositely arranged rushes
Belling mould 101 and stamping cavity die 106 and punching press blank holder 102, the stamping/quenching mould 100 of ladder temperature also add including punching press
Heat engine structure and punching press cooling body；Wherein,
Punching press heating arrangements include the first heating rod 104, the first current regulator (not indicated in figure), the first power supply (figure
In do not indicate), the first temperature sensor 107 and the first electronic thermostat (not indicated in figure), multiple first heating rods 104 are along punching
The faying face of belling mould 101 and stamping cavity die 106 is spaced apart to be arranged in punching press punch-pin 101 and stamping cavity die 106, often
Individual first heating rod 104 is connected by corresponding first current regulator with the first power supply, is set at each first heating rod 104
First temperature sensor 107 corresponding to having, all first current regulators and the first temperature sensor 107 respectively with the first electronics
Temperature controller connects；
Punching press cooling body includes the first cooling water hole 105, the first electromagnetic throttle valve (not indicated in figure) and second temperature
Sensor 108, faying face interval of multiple first cooling water holes 105 along punching press punch-pin 101 and stamping cavity die 106 at least one
One heating rod 104 is arranged in punching press punch-pin 101 and stamping cavity die 106, and the first cooling water hole 105 is arranged on the ladder of gradient temperature
To spend at node, the porch of each first cooling water hole 105 is provided with the first electromagnetic throttle valve and second temperature sensor 108,
All first electromagnetic throttle valves and second temperature sensor 108 are connected with the first electronic thermostat respectively.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in Fig. 2 interposition positioned at punching press punch-pin 101 and stamping cavity die 106
The first heating rod of the place of putting 104 is continuously arranged, positioned at the first heating rod at the end positions of punching press punch-pin 101 and stamping cavity die 106
104 and first cooling water hole 105 be alternately arranged.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in figure 3, differential temperature artificial aging mould 300 includes two clamping moulds
301st, two multiple intermediate dies 302 clamped between mould 301 are arranged on and are arranged on each clamping mould 301 and intermediate die 302
Interior timeliness heating arrangements and timeliness cooling body；
Timeliness heating arrangements include the second heating rod 303, the second current regulator (not indicated in figure), second source (figure
In do not indicate), the electronic thermostat (not indicated in figure) of three-temperature sensor 304 and second, at least one second heating rod 303
The middle position of clamping mould 301 or intermediate die 302 is arranged on, each second heating rod 303 is adjusted by corresponding second electric current
Section device is connected with second source, is provided with corresponding three-temperature sensor 304 at each second heating rod 303, and all second
Current regulator and three-temperature sensor 304 are connected with the second electronic thermostat respectively；
Timeliness cooling body includes the second cooling water hole 305, the second electromagnetic throttle valve (not indicated in figure) and the 4th temperature
Sensor 306, the second cooling water hole 305 are arranged on the both ends of the second heating rod 303, the entrance of each second cooling water hole 305
Place is provided with the second electromagnetic throttle valve and the 4th temperature sensor 306, all second electromagnetic throttle valves and the 4th temperature sensor
306 are connected with the second electronic thermostat respectively.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in figure 3, the quantity of the second heating rod 303 is two.
Accordingly, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention provides a kind of gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming side
Method, comprise the following steps：
S1, solid solution pre-treatment：Aluminum alloy blank 1 is put into resistance furnace and carries out solution treatment；
S2, ladder temperature are stamping：
Before S201, punching press, the first power supply is opened, the first electronic thermostat is the according to corresponding to being adjusted the gradient temperature of setting
The size of current of one current regulator, and then the heating-up temperature of corresponding first heating rod 104 is controlled, heating punching press punch-pin 101
With stamping cavity die 106, preliminary gradient temperature is established；
S202, after a period of time, into the first cooling water hole 105 lead to coolant, heat transfer is stopped, with prevent because
Heat transfer and cause the gradient temperature difference gradual convergent and unstability during punch process, the first electronic thermostat is according to receiving
The temperature data of corresponding first cooling water hole 105 that collects of second temperature sensor 108, adjust corresponding first electromagnetism
Choke valve, and then the break-make or uninterrupted of coolant in first cooling water hole 105 are controlled, meanwhile, the first electronic thermostat
The first temperature sensor 107 according to receiving collect corresponding to the first heating rod 104 temperature data, regulation is corresponding
The size of current of first current regulator, and then the heating-up temperature of first heating rod 104 is controlled, establish the gradient of dynamic equilibrium
Temperature, the temperature control of terraced warm stamping/quenching mould 100 in the gradient temperature value of setting and is kept constant；
S203, the aluminum alloy blank 1 in step S1 after solution treatment is quickly placed into step S202 set
In the warm stamping/quenching mould 100 of ladder of the good gradient temperature difference and position clamping；
Warm stamping/the closure of quenching mould 100 of S204, ladder carries out punching press, during punching press punch-pin 101 is descending,
The punching press punch-pin 101 and stamping cavity die 106 of the gradient temperature difference are set up, this gradient temperature difference is delivered into dynamic by heat transfer rushes
On the aluminum alloy blank 1 of pressing formation, it is set also to reach the identical gradient temperature difference, and it is stamping, obtain Al alloy parts 2.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, this method also includes step：
Quenching Treatment in S3, differential temperature mould：
S301, by the Al alloy parts 2 with the gradient temperature difference obtained in step S204 terraced temperature it is stamping/quenching mould
1~60s of pressurize in tool 100；
While S302, pressurize, according to the gradient temperature of setting, full flow is passed through difference into the first cooling water hole 105
The coolant of temperature, the temperature of coolant are gradually reduced from center to both ends, establish preliminary gradient temperature；
S303, after a period of time, pair that the first electronic thermostat collects according to the second temperature sensor 108 received
The temperature data for the first cooling water hole 105 answered, corresponding first electromagnetic throttle valve is adjusted, and then control first cooling water hole
The break-make or uninterrupted of coolant in 105, the dynamic of the temperature difference is constant when realizing temperature difference quenching, by terraced temperature it is stamping/quench
Gradient temperature value of the temperature control of fiery mould 100 in setting；
During S304, Quenching Treatment, temperature edges up fluctuation, repeat step S302 and step S303, until the warm punching press of ladder
The thermograde of shaping/quenching mould 100 is established and balanced again, after the completion of Quenching Treatment, the aluminium alloy work after being quenched
Part 2.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 3, this method also includes step：
S4, artificial aging processing：
Before S401, Ageing Treatment, second source is opened, the second electronic thermostat adjusts corresponding according to the gradient temperature of setting
The second current regulator size of current, and then control the heating-up temperature of corresponding second heating rod 303, heating clamping mould
301 and intermediate die 302, establish preliminary gradient temperature；
S402, after a period of time, coolant is led into the second cooling water hole 305, the second electronic thermostat is according to receiving
The temperature data of corresponding second cooling water hole 305 that collects of the 4th temperature sensor 306, adjust corresponding second electromagnetism
Choke valve, and then the break-make or uninterrupted of coolant in second cooling water hole 305 are controlled, meanwhile, the second electronic thermostat
Three-temperature sensor 304 according to receiving collect corresponding to the second heating rod 303 temperature data, regulation is corresponding
The size of current of second current regulator, and then the heating-up temperature of second heating rod 303 is controlled, establish the gradient of dynamic equilibrium
Temperature, the temperature control of differential temperature artificial aging mould 300 in the gradient temperature value of setting and is kept constant；
S403, after the trimming of Al alloy parts 2 after being quenched in step S304 is repaired and coats upper insulation material, it is transferred to
Set in step S402 on the differential temperature artificial aging mould 300 of the gradient temperature difference, after the completion of artificial aging processing, made part strong
Change mutually separates out, you can obtains the aluminum alloy part 3 with gradient mechanical property.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, before punching press, the solid solution temperature of aluminum alloy blank 1 is 450 DEG C~550
DEG C, the time is 0.3~1h；The stamping gradient temperature scope of aluminum alloy blank 1 is 250 DEG C~530 DEG C；Al alloy parts 2
The temperature range of Quenching Treatment is 100 DEG C~10 DEG C；The temperature range of the artificial aging of Al alloy parts 2 processing is 190 DEG C~140
DEG C, aging time is 4~16h.
The present invention in specific application, as shown in Fig. 2 in the stamping/quenching mould of ladder temperature, the provided with special arrangement
One heating rod and the first cooling water hole, the first heating rod and the first cooling water hole are arranged on the junction of punching press punch-pin and cavity plate,
And be suitably alternately arranged, equal packet numbering, the first heating rod is connected by the first current regulator with the first power supply, the first high frequency
Power supply is used for punching press punch-pin and stamping cavity die bottom-heated to solid solubility temperature scope, from center to two sides temperature with heated current
And successively decrease, and it is aided with the first cooling water hole, make thermograde not convergent because of prolonged heat transfer.The quantity of first heating rod
For 14-20, the quantity of the first cooling water hole is 10-22, and the first heating rod is alternately arranged with the first cooling water hole, such energy
Enough ensure in prolonged punch process, by way of the additional necessary cooling of heat transfer, can reach whole mould
Dynamic gradient temperature difference balance and stability.In the present embodiment, the first heating rod is 18, and the first cooling water hole is 14, they
Position and quantity can adjust, the especially processing of the first cooling water hole according to the shape of the part of specific institute's punching press, it is impossible to
Destroy the structural strength and rigidity of original mould.
As shown in figure 3, differential temperature artificial aging is vertically arranged the formula of focusing on using box-type, the acquisition of the gradient temperature difference is mainly by quilt
The heat transfer of part is coated, is aided with necessary cooling down, to reach the accuracy of temperature control and flexibility.Differential temperature artificial aging
Be provided with the second heating rod and the second cooling water hole provided with special arrangement in mould, it is single in the quantity of the second heating rod be 2-3
Individual, the quantity of the second cooling water hole is 2-3.In the present embodiment, it is single in the second heating rod be 2, the second cooling water hole be 2
Individual, each 4 of the 4th temperature sensor, their position and quantity can adjust according to the shape of the part of specific institute's punching press.
The principle of the present invention is alloy plate material temperature-differential forming, main to include solid solution pre-treatment, the warm stamping, differential temperature of ladder
Quenching, differential temperature ageing strengthening processing in mould.Due to the difference of each regional temperature of plate, aluminium alloy hardening constituent is caused to separate out and be distributed
Shape and physical dimension difference, so as to obtain gradient mechanical property part.
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, in specifically shaping gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part, stamping blanks are the present invention
Rectangular slab, material are 2024 aluminium alloys, and size is 300 × 200mm, thickness 1.5mm, are waved surface part after punching press, into
Shape method comprises the following steps：
S1, aluminum alloy blank to be punched is subjected to solution treatment in heating furnace (resistance furnace), 500 DEG C of solid solubility temperature,
Time 0.5h；
S2, terraced temperature it is stamping/quenching mould closure before, punching press punch-die is heated using the first heating rod, for standard
Really, the thermograde of setting is flexibly efficiently set up, after preventing long-time punch process, the bulk temperature of mould becomes
Together, it will use to the first heating rod packet numbering, and then distinguishing monitoring and regulation and control, and aid in installing the first appropriate cooling additional
Water hole, wherein coolant can realize break-make and the adjustment control of flow；
S201, as shown in Fig. 2 by totally 18 the first heating rods weave into totally 9 groups, every group of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I up and down
There are two the first temperature sensors, every group shares first current regulator；
S202, similarly, totally 14 the first cooling water holes weave into totally 8 groups of a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h up and down, and every group has two
Two temperature sensors, every group shares first electromagnetic throttle valve, and every group shares a water inlet and a delivery port, in every group
Coolant can independent inside/outside circulation；
S203, the first power supply is connected, according to the thermograde of setting and the first current regulator of packet, heated to first
Rod is passed through electric current, under the collective effect of heating and heat transfer, preliminary thermograde will be set up, in order to prevent because of heat transfer
And causing the gradient temperature difference gradually convergent during punch process and unstability, the first cooling water hole of auxiliary is by the gradient of the temperature difference
Appropriate cooling, is stopped equivalent to heat transfer at node, is allowed to unobvious, finally makes the gradient temperature shape of whole mould
Into and be in dynamic equilibrium；
When S3, quenching, the coolant for being passed through different temperatures of full flow into the first cooling water hole, coolant is from water inlet
Enter, delivery port goes out, and carries out outer circulation, until whole mould reaches thermograde dynamic equilibrium, and then changes in progress and circulates, closes
When mould pressurize quenches, temperature edges up fluctuation, is again started up outer circulation, up to thermograde is established and balanced again；
S301, as shown in Fig. 2 14 the first cooling water holes are divided into totally 8 groups of a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, each group shares one
Water inlet and a delivery port, and respectively have 1 the first electromagnetic throttle valve and 2 second temperature sensors；
S302, the warm stamping/quenching mould of ladder now only play pressurize quenching effect, non-two times punch；
S4, blank after solid solution is transferred in terraced warm stamping/quenching mould with manipulator, positions and step up, and then
Punching press, it is characterized in during punching press, under heat transfer and the double action of cooling, blank will be set up to be struck out with terraced temperature
The same thermograde of shape/quenching mould, until punching press terminates, part after ladder temperature is stamping and the temperature difference distribution stood up
As shown in Figure 2；
S5, stamping rear pressurize 50s, during this period according to described in S3, carrying out quenching in differential temperature mould, with warm after quenching
The part of difference is as shown in Figure 2；
S6, it will be transferred in differential temperature artificial aging mould after the part trimming finishing after quenching and carry out artificial aging, timeliness
Time is 12h, and the timeliness temperature difference is as shown in Figure 3；
The cover layer 307 made before S601, timeliness of insulation material carries out part certain parcel, during reducing artificial
Heat scatters and disappears in effect；
The acquisition of the temperature difference is carried out according to the mode of packet heating and supplement heat rejecter in S602, artificial aging, is allowed to
Reach setting value and keep dynamic constant.
A moment should be stopped in practical operation, after blank punching press, treats the temperature for the corresponding site that Electronic Control display device is shown
Degree can be carried out in next step after reaching setting value, and quenching is as the same in differential temperature mould.Blank is placed on mould after coming out of the stove, and its temperature is not
It can reduce too much, otherwise can influence to establish the time of the gradient temperature difference by heat transfer.The temperature value that each position of plate should reach
Error be ± 5 DEG C.The coolant used in the present embodiment should use good fluidity, non-corrosiveness, the cooling of big specific heat capacity class
Liquid.
According to the principle of solution treatment, the solid solubility of aluminium alloy is reduced with the reduction of solid solubility temperature.The difference of solid solubility
It is different, the phase driving force of hardening constituent in ag(e)ing process is result in, the precipitation power of hardening constituent is different, and each region of part can be caused strong
Change the difference of distributed mutually and size, so as to reach the purpose of part gradient mechanical property.So above-mentioned steps can enable aluminum alloy to
Bodywork parts different zones have different tissues, so as to obtain gradient mechanical property, and then realize more performances of single component
It is required that.This method is not only simple and practical, it is easy to accomplish, and the phase constitution of stamping parts is effectively improved, available for a variety of
Body outer skin and structural member it is hot press-formed in, have broad application prospects.
Alloy plate material drop stamping technology be combined plate hot-working and quenching technical one it is newer it is complicated into
Shape technology.The part of technology production remains to meet collision safety performance after making automotive light weight technology.Compared with other forming technologies,
The hot press-formed of plate has advantages below：Resistance of deformation is small, plasticity is good, forming limit is high, is readily formed；Tool can be produced
There is the workpiece of complex geometric shapes, formation of parts has good dimensional accuracy；Suitable heat treatment mode is equipped with, plate can be made
According to its optimal performance is played needed for each several part, the vehicle body parts of high quality are provided for automobile.
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can according to the above description be improved or converted,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device, the device includes the warm stamping/quenching mould of ladder
（100）With differential temperature artificial aging mould（300）, the warm stamping/quenching mould of ladder（100）Including the punching press being oppositely arranged
Punch-pin（101）And stamping cavity die（106）And punching press blank holder（102）, it is characterised in that the warm stamping/quenching of ladder
Mould（100）Also include punching press heating arrangements and punching press cooling body；Wherein,
The punching press heating arrangements include the first heating rod（104）, the first current regulator, the first power supply, the first TEMP
Device（107）With the first electronic thermostat, multiple first heating rods（104）Along punching press punch-pin（101）And stamping cavity die（106）Knot
Conjunction face is spaced apart to be arranged on punching press punch-pin（101）And stamping cavity die（106）It is interior, each first heating rod（104）Pass through
Corresponding first current regulator is connected with the first power supply, each first heating rod（104）Place is provided with corresponding first temperature
Sensor（107）, all first current regulators and the first temperature sensor（107）It is connected respectively with the first electronic thermostat；
The punching press cooling body includes the first cooling water hole（105）, the first electromagnetic throttle valve and second temperature sensor
（108）, multiple first cooling water holes（105）Along punching press punch-pin（101）And stamping cavity die（106）Faying face interval it is at least one
First heating rod（104）It is arranged on punching press punch-pin（101）And stamping cavity die（106）It is interior, first cooling water hole（105）Set
At the gradient node of gradient temperature, each first cooling water hole（105）Porch be provided with the first electromagnetic throttle valve and
Two temperature sensors（108）, all first electromagnetic throttle valves and second temperature sensor（108）Respectively with the first electronic thermostat
Connection.
2. gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that positioned at institute
State punching press punch-pin（101）And stamping cavity die（106）Middle position described in the first heating rod（104）Continuous arrangement, positioned at institute
State punching press punch-pin（101）And stamping cavity die（106）End positions at first heating rod（104）With the first cooling water hole
（105）It is alternately arranged.
3. gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the difference
Warm artificial aging mould（300）Including two clamping moulds（301）, be arranged on two clamping moulds（301）Between multiple intermediate dies
（302）And it is arranged on each clamping mould（301）And intermediate die（302）Interior timeliness heating arrangements and timeliness cooling body；
The timeliness heating arrangements include the second heating rod（303）, the second current regulator, second source, the 3rd TEMP
Device（304）With the second electronic thermostat, at least one second heating rod（303）It is arranged on clamping mould（301）Or intermediate die（302）
Middle position, each second heating rod（303）It is connected by corresponding second current regulator with second source, Mei Ge
Two heating rods（303）Place is provided with corresponding three-temperature sensor（304）, all second current regulators and the 3rd temperature pass
Sensor（304）It is connected respectively with the second electronic thermostat；
The timeliness cooling body includes the second cooling water hole（305）, the second electromagnetic throttle valve and the 4th temperature sensor
（306）, second cooling water hole（305）It is arranged on the second heating rod（303）Both ends, each second cooling water hole（305）
Porch be provided with the second electromagnetic throttle valve and the 4th temperature sensor（306）, all second electromagnetic throttle valves and the 4th temperature
Spend sensor（306）It is connected respectively with the second electronic thermostat.
4. gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described
Two heating rods（303）Quantity be two.
A kind of 5. gradient based on gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device any one of claim 1-4
Mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part shaping techniques, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, solid solution pre-treatment：By aluminum alloy blank（1）It is put into resistance furnace and carries out solution treatment；
S2, ladder temperature are stamping：
Before S201, punching press, the first power supply, the first electronic thermostat first electricity according to corresponding to being adjusted the gradient temperature of setting are opened
The size of current of throttle regulator, and then control corresponding first heating rod（104）Heating-up temperature, heat punching press punch-pin（101）
And stamping cavity die（106）, establish preliminary gradient temperature；
S202, after a period of time, to the first cooling water hole（105）Interior logical coolant, is stopped heat transfer, to prevent because of heat
Conduct and cause the gradient temperature difference gradual convergent and unstability during punch process, the first electronic thermostat is according to receiving
Second temperature sensor（108）Corresponding first cooling water hole collected（105）Temperature data, regulation it is corresponding first electricity
Magnetic choke valve, and then control first cooling water hole（105）The break-make or uninterrupted of interior coolant, meanwhile, the first electronics temperature
Device is controlled according to the first temperature sensor received（107）Corresponding first heating rod collected（104）Temperature data, adjust
The size of current of corresponding first current regulator is saved, and then controls first heating rod（104）Heating-up temperature, establish dynamic
The gradient temperature of balance, by terraced warm stamping/quenching mould（100）Temperature control setting gradient temperature value and protect
Hold constant；
S203, by the aluminum alloy blank in step S1 after solution treatment（1）Quick be placed into step S202 has set
Warm stamping/the quenching mould of ladder of the gradient temperature difference（100）Go up and position clamping；
Warm stamping/the quenching mould of S204, ladder（100）Closure carries out punching press, in punching press punch-pin（101）In descending process,
The punching press punch-pin of the gradient temperature difference is set up（101）And stamping cavity die（106）, this gradient temperature difference is delivered to by heat transfer dynamic
The stamping aluminum alloy blank of state（1）On, it is also reached the identical gradient temperature difference, and it is stamping, obtain aluminium alloy work
Part（2）；
Quenching Treatment in S3, differential temperature mould：
S301, the Al alloy parts with the gradient temperature difference that will be obtained in step S204（2）In terraced warm stamping/quenching mould
（100）Middle 1~60s of pressurize；While S302, pressurize, according to the gradient temperature of setting to the first cooling water hole（105）Interior full stream
The coolant for being passed through different temperatures of amount, the temperature of coolant are gradually reduced from center to both ends, establish preliminary gradient temperature；
S303, after a period of time, the first electronic thermostat is according to the second temperature sensor received（108）The correspondence collected
The first cooling water hole（105）Temperature data, adjust corresponding first electromagnetic throttle valve, and then control first cooling water hole
（105）The break-make or uninterrupted of interior coolant, the dynamic of the temperature difference is constant when realizing temperature difference quenching, by terraced temperature it is stamping/
Quenching mould（100）Temperature control setting gradient temperature value；
During S304, Quenching Treatment, temperature edges up fluctuation, repeat step S302 and step S303, until ladder temperature it is stamping/
Quenching mould（100）Thermograde establish and balance again, after the completion of Quenching Treatment, the Al alloy parts after being quenched
（2）；
S4, artificial aging processing：
Before S401, Ageing Treatment, second source is opened, the second electronic thermostat is the according to corresponding to being adjusted the gradient temperature of setting
The size of current of two current regulators, and then control corresponding second heating rod（303）Heating-up temperature, heating clamping mould
（301）And intermediate die（302）, establish preliminary gradient temperature；
S402, after a period of time, to the second cooling water hole（305）Interior logical coolant, the second electronic thermostat is according to receiving
4th temperature sensor（306）Corresponding second cooling water hole collected（305）Temperature data, regulation it is corresponding second electricity
Magnetic choke valve, and then control second cooling water hole（305）The break-make or uninterrupted of interior coolant, meanwhile, the second electronics temperature
Device is controlled according to the three-temperature sensor received（304）Corresponding second heating rod collected（303）Temperature data, adjust
The size of current of corresponding second current regulator is saved, and then controls second heating rod（303）Heating-up temperature, establish dynamic
The gradient temperature of balance, by differential temperature artificial aging mould（300）Temperature control setting gradient temperature value and keep permanent
It is fixed；
S403, by step S304 quench after Al alloy parts（2）After trimming is repaired and coats insulation material, step is transferred to
The differential temperature artificial aging mould of the gradient temperature difference has been set in rapid S402（300）On, after the completion of artificial aging processing, make part strong
Change mutually separates out, you can obtains the aluminum alloy part with gradient mechanical property（3）.
6. gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part shaping techniques according to claim 5, it is characterised in that punching press
Before, aluminum alloy blank（1）Solid solution temperature be 450 DEG C~550 DEG C, the time is 0.3~1h；Aluminum alloy blank（1）Punching press
The gradient temperature scope of shaping is 250 DEG C~530 DEG C；Al alloy parts（2）The temperature range of Quenching Treatment is 100 DEG C~10
℃；Al alloy parts（2）The temperature range of artificial aging processing is 190 DEG C~140 DEG C, and aging time is 4~16h.
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| CN106919751B (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2019-08-23 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of gradient mechanical property part transition area optimum design method |
| CN107686954A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2018-02-13 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of heat treatment method for improving 7075 aluminum alloy heat press formabilities |
| CN108043971B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2019-05-17 | 吉林大学 | A kind of hot press-formed method for rapidly and efficiently realizing high-strength steel part capability gradient distribution |
| CN108405773A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-08-17 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of lightweight aluminum alloy chassis part processing method |
| CN108380722A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-10 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of hot press-formed method of lightweight car body of aluminum alloy component |
| CN111687278A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2020-09-22 | 广东菲力绿色板业有限公司 | Plate stamping process |
| CN111229874B (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2021-09-14 | 南昌航空大学 | Cold and hot rapid cyclic aging forming method and device for plate |
| CN111822570A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-27 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Heating hot stamping strengthening process |
| CN112058985B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2023-07-18 | 深圳新顿科技有限公司 | Light alloy sheet stamping heat treatment process and stamping device |
| CN112207169A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-12 | 比克希汽车科技（合肥）有限公司 | High-speed punching machine |
| CN113684431A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | Aluminum alloy rapid forming and property control integration method |
| CN113953388B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-12-16 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Punch forming die and punching method for reducing cold punching resilience |
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| CN103191991A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-07-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Rapid subsidence thermoforming mold and thermoforming method of aluminum alloy sections |
| CN103521581B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-12-02 | 武汉理工大学 | Obtain method and the mould of mechanical performance gradient drop stamping part |
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