CN106919751B - A kind of gradient mechanical property part transition area optimum design method - Google Patents
A kind of gradient mechanical property part transition area optimum design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of gradient mechanical property part transition area optimum design methods, optimized including the regularity of distribution to part mechanical property transition region: using the size in part transition area as design variable, the part performance requirement as optimization aim, the optimal performance demand of the part as constraint condition, establish optimized mathematical model；Determine experimental group number, for every group of test, each value is determined in the wherein value range of a transition region, principle based on equal strength change rate, ratio i.e. between the difference of the tensile strength in arbitrary neighborhood mechanical property region and the size of the transition region between the adjacent mechanical property region is certain value, so that it is determined that the corresponding value of other transition regions, carries out analytical calculation to every group of test, the size of the optimal mechanical property transition region of part can be obtained.The present invention can be such that the variation between the different mechanical properties region of part seamlessly transits, and then obtain the gradient mechanical property part of best performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to automotive light weight technology and structure-design technique fields, and in particular to a kind of gradient mechanical property part mistake
Cross area's optimum design method.
Background technique
In order to meet the great demand of automotive light weight technology, superhigh intensity steel hot part is widely answered in auto industry
With.However people gradually recognize that body of a motor car safety knot component while strength enhancing, should also meet collision energy-absorbing requirement.
Body of a motor car safety knot component with gradient mechanical property realizes the matched well of bus body strength Yu collision safety performance.
Gradient mechanical property part refers to that the different zones of Same Part have one kind of different mechanical properties demand novel
Function part.By taking automobile B-column as an example, upper area needs enough intensity and is connected with vehicle body shell, to guarantee vehicle
Body it is complete；Lower area, which is then connected with chassis, to be needed preferable ductility and absorbs energy, to prevent collision from invading.Mesh
Before, some scholars have studied the drop stamping part mechanical performance gradient regularity of distribution, but are directed to adjacent different mechanical properties region
Between transition region (size and intensity distribution) how to design and be rarely reported.In order to make the variation between different mechanical properties region
For smooth transition, the research for the part mechanical property transition region regularity of distribution seems extremely important.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of gradient mechanical property part transition area optimum design methods, it can make zero
Variation between the different mechanical properties region of part is smooth transition, and then obtains the gradient mechanical property part of best performance.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of gradient mechanical property part transition area optimum design method, including the distribution to part mechanical property transition region
Rule optimizes: using the size in part transition area as design variable, the part performance requirement as optimization aim,
The optimal performance demand of the part establishes optimized mathematical model as constraint condition；Determine experimental group number, for every group of test,
Each value is determined in the wherein value range of a transition region, based on the principle of equal strength change rate, i.e. arbitrary neighborhood power
Learn the ratio between the difference and the size of the transition region between the adjacent mechanical property region of the tensile strength of performance zones
For certain value, so that it is determined that the corresponding value of other transition regions, carries out analytical calculation to every group of test, obtains one group of optimal performance
Demand is to get the size for arriving the optimal mechanical property transition region of part.
According to the above technical scheme, the tensile strength in the mechanical property region be to the mechanical property distribution position of part into
The tensile strength in the mechanical property region for the optimization that row optimization obtains: the tensile strength in all mechanical property regions of part is carried out
Optimization design, using the design tensile strength of part as design variable, the part performance requirement as optimization aim, the part
Design performance demand as constraint condition, establish optimized mathematical model, design and implement orthogonal test, obtain first group it is optimal
Performance requirement is to get to the tensile strength in the mechanical property region of one group of optimization.
According to the above technical scheme, the optimal performance demand of the part is to carry out to the mechanical property area size of the part
Optimize second group of obtained optimal performance demand: the size in all mechanical property regions of part being optimized, with part
Design mechanical property area size as design variable, the part performance requirement as optimization aim, first group of optimality
Energy demand establishes optimized mathematical model, designs and implement orthogonal test as constraint condition, and obtaining second group of optimal performance needs
It asks to get to the size in the mechanical property region of one group of optimization.
According to the above technical scheme, analytical calculation is carried out to every group of test using genetic algorithm.
According to the above technical scheme, the gradient mechanical property part is B column reinforcement plate, and the performance requirement includes that correspondence is driven
The maximum intrusion speed at maximum intrusion volume, corresponding driver's chest at the person's of sailing chest, the maximum at corresponding driver's abdomen
Maximum intrusion speed at intrusion volume and corresponding driver's abdomen, the design performance demand include corresponding driver before optimization
Driver's abdomen is corresponded to before corresponding to maximum intrusion speed and optimization at driver's chest before maximum intrusion volume, optimization at chest
Maximum intrusion speed at portion.
The present invention, have the advantages that the present invention using the regularity of distribution in part transition area as optimization object, using etc.
The design scheme of change rate of strength determines the value of transition region size in each group test, can make between different mechanical properties
Variation is smooth transition, and then obtains the gradient mechanical property part of best performance.This Method And Principle is simple, is easily achieved,
Effectively the part mechanical property transition region regularity of distribution can be optimized, promote gradient mechanical property part in vapour
Application on vehicle.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is vehicle side collision finite element model figure in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 a is B column reinforcement plate gradient mechanical property distribution position optimization design variable figure in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 b is B column reinforcement plate gradient mechanics performance zones optimised design variable figure in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 a is the optimization design variogram of B column reinforcement plate gradient mechanical property transition region in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 b is the mechanical property changing rule figure of B column reinforcement plate gradient mechanical property transition region in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
In the preferred embodiment, a kind of gradient mechanical property part transition area optimum design method, including it is right
The regularity of distribution of part mechanical property transition region optimizes: using the size in part transition area as design variable, this zero
The performance requirement of part, as constraint condition, establishes optimized mathematical model as optimization aim, the optimal performance demand of the part；Really
Determine experimental group number, for every group of test, each value is determined in the wherein value range of a transition region, is become based on equal strength
The principle of rate, the i.e. difference of the tensile strength in arbitrary neighborhood mechanical property region between the adjacent mechanical property region
Ratio between the size of transition region is certain value, so that it is determined that the corresponding value of other transition regions, divides every group of test
Analysis calculates, and obtains one group of optimal performance demand to get the size of the optimal mechanical property transition region of part is arrived.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to further strengthen effect of optimization, the tensile strength in mechanical property region
The tensile strength in the mechanical property region of the optimization optimized for the mechanical property distribution position to part: to part institute
There is the tensile strength of mechanics performance zones to optimize, using the design tensile strength of part as design variable, the part
Performance requirement as optimization aim, the design performance demand of the part as constraint condition, establish optimized mathematical model, design
And implement orthogonal test, first group of optimal performance demand is obtained to get to the tensile strength in the mechanical property region of one group of optimization.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to further strengthen effect of optimization, the optimal performance demand of part is pair
Second group of optimal performance demand that the mechanical property area size of the part optimizes: to all mechanical property areas of part
The size in domain optimizes, and needs using the design mechanical property area size of part as the performance of design variable, the part
It asks as optimization aim, first group of optimal performance demand as constraint condition, establishes optimized mathematical model, design and implement orthogonal
Test obtains second group of optimal performance demand to get to the size in the mechanical property region of one group of optimization.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to further strengthen effect of optimization, using genetic algorithm to every group of test
Carry out analytical calculation.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when gradient mechanical property part is B column reinforcement plate, performance requirement includes pair
Answer the maximum intrusion volume at driver's chest, the maximum intrusion speed at corresponding driver's chest, at corresponding driver's abdomen
Maximum intrusion speed at maximum intrusion volume and corresponding driver's abdomen, design performance demand include corresponding driver before optimization
Driver's abdomen is corresponded to before corresponding to maximum intrusion speed and optimization at driver's chest before maximum intrusion volume, optimization at chest
Maximum intrusion speed at portion.
The present invention is in specific application, comprising the following steps:
S1, the finite element model for establishing gradient mechanical property part, the part have N number of mechanical property region and N-1
A transition region, the tensile strength σ in each mechanical property regioniIt indicates, the size H in each mechanical property regioniIt indicates, often
The size h of a transition regionjIndicate, i=1,2,3 ..., N, j=1,2,3 ..., N-1；
S2, it is optimized using gradient distribution of the Interest frequency method to part mechanical property, first against part
Mechanical property distribution position optimize, on this basis, the mechanical property area size of part is optimized and is set
Meter, two steps are all made of orthogonal experiment design method and optimize to the distribution of part mechanical performance gradient:
S201, first the mechanical property distribution position of part is optimized, i.e., to all mechanical property regions of part
Tensile strength sigmaiIt optimizes, with σiAs design variable, the part performance requirement Y as optimization aim, the part
Design performance demand X as constraint condition, establish optimized mathematical model, design and implement orthogonal test, obtain first group most
Excellent performance requirement Yb1To get to the tensile strength in the mechanical property region of one group of optimization；
S202, the mechanical property area size of the part is optimized again, i.e., to N-1 mechanical property area of part
The size H in domainiIt optimizes, with HiAs design variable, the part performance requirement Y as optimization aim, step S201
Obtained in Yb1As constraint condition, optimized mathematical model is established, designs and implement orthogonal test, obtains second group of optimal performance
Demand Yb2To get to the size in the mechanical property region of one group of optimization；
S3, it is based on equal strength change rate prioritization scheme, the distribution of part mechanical property transition region is advised using genetic algorithm
Rule optimizes: with the size h of N-1 transition region of partjAs design variable, the part performance requirement Y as excellent
Change Y obtained in target, step S202b2As constraint condition, optimized mathematical model is established, in the value of a wherein transition region
Each value is determined in range, and with the tensile strength combination equal strength in the mechanical property region of optimization obtained in step S201
Change rate optimization design determines the corresponding value of other transition regions, i.e. (σi+1-σi)/hj=(σi+2-σi+1)/hj+1, using heredity
Algorithm obtains one group of optimal performance demand Yb3To get to the size of the optimal mechanical property transition region of part, optimum results are verified
Reasonability.
The present invention uses Interest frequency, successively optimizes to intensity distribution and intensity area size, so that design
Variable is single, simplifies the optimization process of intensity adjustable design, then the regularity of distribution of each mechanical property transition region of part is set as
Change rate of strength is optimized in conjunction with the regularity of distribution of the genetic algorithm to part mechanical property transition region, so that different power
The variation learned between performance is smooth transition, and then obtains the gradient mechanical property part of best performance.This Method And Principle letter
List is easily achieved, and can effectively be optimized to the part mechanical property transition region regularity of distribution, be promoted gradient mechanics
Application of the performance part on automobile.
Above-mentioned steps S3 specifically includes the following steps:
S301, optimization design target, constraint are determined, and according to equal strength change rate prioritization scheme, determine design variable and
The valued space of each design variable, mathematical model of optimizing design are
In formula, Y indicates that design object function, s.t indicate constraint condition, XiFor i-th of constraint function of X, XiminFor constraint
Function XiLower limit, XimaxFor constraint function XiThe upper limit；
S302, simulation calculation is carried out to every group of design scheme, obtains corresponding simulation value；
S303, optimal design result, i.e., the optimal mechanical property transition region regularity of distribution are obtained using genetic algorithm；
The reasonability of result after S304, verifying optimization.
It is all made of Ls-dyna finite element software in the present invention, simulation calculation is carried out to design scheme.
Below by taking the mechanical property transition region optimization design of automobile B-pillar reinforcement plate as an example, the present invention is made further detailed
Explanation.As shown in Figure 1, the present invention the following steps are included:
S1, vehicle side collision finite element model as shown in Figure 2 is established using Hypermesh finite element software, it is mobile
The speed for deforming obstacle is 50km/h, collision time 120ms；
S2, it is optimized using gradient distribution of the Interest frequency method to part mechanical property:
S201, it is optimized first against the mechanical property distribution position of part, Fig. 3 a is B column reinforcement plate gradient force
Performance zones position optimization design variable is learned, determines the alternative numerical value and level of design variable according to demand, is obtained as shown in table 1
Factor-water-glass, the maximum intrusion using the tensile strength in 6 regions as design variable, at corresponding driver's chest and abdomen
Amount and maximum intrusion speed are optimization aim, according to B column reinforcement plate before optimizing correspond to maximum intrusion volume at driver's chest with
Maximum intrusion speed at maximum intrusion speed and abdomen is constraint condition, and it is as follows to can define optimized mathematical model
In formula, DAmax、DBmaxIt respectively indicates B column reinforcement plate and corresponds to maximum intrusion volume at driver's chest and abdomen,
VAmax、VBmaxIt respectively indicates the maximum that B column reinforcement plate corresponds at driver's chest and abdomen and invades speed；
Using automated response face optimization method, reasonable gradient mechanics performance zones position distribution is obtained, such as 2 institute of table
Show, optimization design target and constraint condition comparing result are as shown in table 3；
Table 1
Table 2
| Region | I | II | III | IV | V | VI |
| Intensity (MPa) | 800 | 600 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 600 |
Table 3
| DAmax/mm | VAmax/(m·s-1) | DBmax/mm | VBmax/(m·s-1) | |
| Before optimization | 157.129 | 5.298 | 199.566 | 6.301 |
| After mechanical property distribution position optimization | 143.519 | 4.871 | 185.950 | 5.865 |
S202, on this basis, optimizes the mechanical property area size of part, and Fig. 3 b is B column reinforcement plate
Gradient mechanics performance zones optimised design variable, according to demand determine design variable alternative numerical value and level, obtain as
Factor-water-glass shown in table 4, using 5 area sizes as design variable, the maximum intrusion volume of corresponding driver's chest and abdomen
It is optimization aim with maximum intrusion speed, is corresponded at driver's chest according to B column reinforcement plate after mechanical property distribution position optimization
Maximum intrusion volume and maximum intrusion speed and abdomen at maximum intrusion speed be constraint condition, can define optimization mathematical modulo
Type is as follows
In formula, DAmax、DBmaxIt respectively indicates B column reinforcement plate and corresponds to maximum intrusion volume at driver's chest and abdomen；
VAmax、VBmaxIt respectively indicates the maximum that B column reinforcement plate corresponds at driver's chest and abdomen and invades speed；
Using optimization method same as described above, reasonable gradient mechanics performance zones size distribution is obtained, such as 5 institute of table
Show, optimization design target and constraint condition comparing result are as shown in table 6；
Table 4
Table 5
| Region | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 |
| Highly (mm) | 160 | 240 | 240 | 220 | 200 |
Table 6
| DAmax/mm | VAmax/(m·s-1) | DBmax/mm | VBmax/(m·s-1) | |
| After mechanical property distribution position optimization | 143.519 | 4.871 | 185.950 | 5.865 |
| After the optimization of mechanical property area size | 141.414 | 4.432 | 183.342 | 5.428 |
S3, it is based on equal strength change rate prioritization scheme, the distribution of part mechanical property transition region is advised in conjunction with genetic algorithm
Rule optimizes:
S301, as shown in Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b, the present invention is using equal strength change rate prioritization scheme, it is possible to simplify
For single argument optimization problem, 1. choosing transition region is design variable, and alternative area size is 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, knot
The field strength size of conjunction table 2 can determine that alternative area size of the transition region 2. with transition region 3., mechanical property transition region are excellent
The testing program for changing design is as shown in table 7；
Table 7
| Tested number | Transition region 1./mm | Transition region 2./mm | Transition region 3./mm |
| 1 | 20 | 40 | 40 |
| 2 | 30 | 60 | 60 |
| 3 | 40 | 80 | 80 |
| 4 | 50 | 100 | 100 |
S302, simulation calculation is carried out to every group of design scheme using Ls-dyna finite element software, obtains corresponding B column and adds
Strong plate collision performance, then using transition region size 1. as design variable, the maximum intrusion volume of corresponding driver's chest and abdomen
It is optimization aim with maximum intrusion speed, driver's chest is corresponded to according to the gradient mechanical property B column reinforcement plate after above-mentioned optimization
Maximum intrusion speed at the maximum intrusion volume at place and maximum intrusion speed and abdomen is constraint condition, can define optimization mathematics
Model is as follows
In formula, DAmax、DBmaxIt respectively indicates B column reinforcement plate and corresponds to maximum intrusion volume at driver's chest and abdomen,
VAmax、VBmaxIt respectively indicates the maximum that B column reinforcement plate corresponds at driver's chest and abdomen and invades speed；
S303, using genetic algorithm, the optimal transition area distribution under this scheme has been obtained, wherein three transitional regions is strong
It is identical to spend change rate, as shown in table 8,
Table 8
S304, in order to verify optimization after result reasonability, optimization design target and constraint condition are compared, such as table
Shown in 9, it can be seen that mechanical property transition region optimization method of the present invention is used, so that the collision of automobile B-pillar reinforcement plate
Performance is significantly improved.
Table 9
| DAmax/mm | VAmax/(m·s-1) | DBmax/mm | VBmax/(m·s-1) | |
| After mechanical performance gradient distribution optimization | 141.414 | 4.432 | 183.342 | 5.428 |
| After the optimization of mechanical property transition region | 138.099 | 4.319 | 181.979 | 5.254 |
It should be understood that for those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of gradient mechanical property part transition area optimum design method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, the finite element model for establishing gradient mechanical property part, the part have N number of mechanical property region and N-1 mistake
Cross area, the tensile strength σ in each mechanical property regioniIt indicates, the size H in each mechanical property regioniIt indicates, each mistake
Cross the size h in areajIndicate, i=1,2,3 ..., N, j=1,2,3 ..., N-1；
S2, it is optimized using gradient distribution of the Interest frequency method to part mechanical property, first against the power of part
It learns performance profile position to optimize, on this basis, the mechanical property area size of part be optimized, two
Step is all made of orthogonal experiment design method and optimizes to the distribution of part mechanical performance gradient:
S201, first the mechanical property distribution position of part is optimized, i.e., all mechanical property regions of part is resisted
Tensile strength σiIt optimizes, with σiPerformance requirement Y as design variable, the part is set as optimization aim, the part
Performance requirement X is counted as constraint condition, optimized mathematical model is established, designs and implement orthogonal test, obtain first group of optimality
It can demand Yb1To get to the tensile strength in the mechanical property region of one group of optimization；
S202, the mechanical property area size of the part is optimized again, i.e., to N-1 mechanical property region of part
Size HiIt optimizes, with HiPerformance requirement Y as design variable, the part is obtained as in optimization aim, step S201
The Y arrivedb1As constraint condition, optimized mathematical model is established, designs and implement orthogonal test, obtains second group of optimal performance demand
Yb2To get to the size in the mechanical property region of one group of optimization；
S3, be based on equal strength change rate prioritization scheme, using genetic algorithm to the regularity of distribution of part mechanical property transition region into
Row optimization design: with the size h of N-1 transition region of partjPerformance requirement Y as design variable, the part is as optimization mesh
Y obtained in mark, step S202b2As constraint condition, optimized mathematical model is established, in the value range of a wherein transition region
The interior each value of determination, and with the variation of the tensile strength combination equal strength in the mechanical property region of optimization obtained in step S201
Rate optimization design determines the corresponding value of other transition regions, i.e. (σi+1-σi)/hj=(σi+2-σi+1)/hj+1, using genetic algorithm
Obtain one group of optimal performance demand Yb3To get the size for arriving the optimal mechanical property transition region of part.
2. gradient mechanical property part transition area according to claim 1 optimum design method, which is characterized in that the ladder
Degree mechanical property part is B column reinforcement plate, the performance requirement of the part include maximum intrusion volume at corresponding driver's chest,
Maximum at corresponding driver's chest invades speed, corresponds to maximum intrusion volume and the corresponding driver's abdomen at driver's abdomen
The maximum intrusion speed at place, the design performance demand of the part include the maximum intrusion before optimizing at corresponding driver's chest
Maximum intrusion speed before maximum intrusion speed and optimization before amount, optimization at corresponding driver's chest at corresponding driver's abdomen
Degree.
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| CN1758255A (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2006-04-12 | 上海交通大学 | Car bady fittings light weight method based on response surface method |
| CN106282860A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-04 | 武汉理工大学 | Gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1758255A (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2006-04-12 | 上海交通大学 | Car bady fittings light weight method based on response surface method |
| CN106282860A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-04 | 武汉理工大学 | Gradient mechanical property car body of aluminum alloy part forming device and method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 面向汽车轻量化应用的碳纤维复合材料关键技术;宋燕利等;《材料导报A：综述篇》;20160930;第30卷(第9期);第16-23页 |
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