CN106261965A - Sea cucumber drying method - Google Patents
Sea cucumber drying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106261965A CN106261965A CN201610674406.7A CN201610674406A CN106261965A CN 106261965 A CN106261965 A CN 106261965A CN 201610674406 A CN201610674406 A CN 201610674406A CN 106261965 A CN106261965 A CN 106261965A
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- stichopus japonicus
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
- Y02A40/924—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation using renewable energies
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Abstract
Book disclosure of the invention one sea cucumber drying method, relates to marine product and is dried processing technique field.The method through Feedstock treating, boil ginseng, clean, pickle, roasting ginseng, mix ash, dry and obtain finished product.The sea cucumber drying method of the present invention easily operates, and can keep again the distinctive fresh fragrance of Stichopus japonicus, raising Stichopus japonicus drying efficiency and matter.And ultrasound wave is combined by the present invention with combined solar energy heat pump drying mode, segmentation gives full play to respective effect and advantage, to improving Stichopus japonicus drying efficiency and quality, cost-effective significant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is dried process technology about a kind of marine product, particularly relates to a kind of sea cucumber drying method.
Background technology
Stichopus japonicus belongs to Echinodermata Holothuroidea, has high nutritive value, is the most rare high protein, low fat
Fat, low sugar, natural health care without cholesterol, be referred to as " marine Radix Ginseng ".Modern pharmacological research shows, Stichopus japonicus has anticoagulant
Blood, antithrombotic, reduction blood glucose, antitumor, immunomodulating, promotion cell growth etc. act on, and the parent being increasingly subject to consumer looks at.
But Stichopus japonicus leave sea water quickly can self-dissolving, therefore fresh sea cucumber is usually processed into dry Stichopus japonicus and carries out long term storage, the whole world at present
The fresh sea cucumber having 90% is processed to various dry products.
Traditional dry-making method of dried of Stichopus japonicus is natural drying, and required time is long, extremely inefficient, and sanitary condition is wayward,
Have a strong impact on yield and the quality of dry Stichopus japonicus finished product, can not meet the prescription of high-grade Stichopus japonicus.Researcher is had to adopt in recent years
Use Freeze Drying Technique processing sea cucumber, although the nutritional labeling of Stichopus japonicus can be preserved to greatest extent, but equipment investment is high, fortune
Row cost is expensive.And the dry Stichopus japonicus finished product that traditional drying or dry in the sun are formed, rehydration poor quality, thus cause Stichopus japonicus rehydration deutostoma
Sense difference and bad.Therefore, a kind of Stichopus japonicus that both can guarantee that the dry efficiency of dry Stichopus japonicus and quality and saved drying cost is found
Dry-making method of dried, to improve Stichopus japonicus drying technology, the dry Stichopus japonicus finished product market adapting to gradually expand seems particularly important.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of sea cucumber drying method, easily operates, Stichopus japonicus can be kept again peculiar
Fresh fragrance and raising Stichopus japonicus drying efficiency and quality.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a kind of sea cucumber drying method, and this sea cucumber drying method comprises the following steps:
(1) Feedstock treating: choose fresh and alive sea cucumbers, in Stichopus japonicus abdominal part slotting tool at anus, and three cutd open forward to Stichopus japonicus body length/
At one, reject rapidly internal organs, and clean with sea water；(2) boil ginseng: after water boiling, rejecting internal organs clean Stichopus japonicus are put into water
In boil, to be stirred during boiling, and the offscum on the water surface to be removed in time, after boiling 35-45 minute, pulls out in time；
(3) pickle: well-done Stichopus japonicus is put in container, add the salt of always need salt amount 40% while hot and stir, and make it lower the temperature,
After cooling, Stichopus japonicus is poured in cylinder in the lump together with the decoction oozed out, seal, be placed at cool place pickling 10 days；(4) roasting ginseng:
In pot, add seven points of full saturated salt solutions, after boiling, the Stichopus japonicus pickled is poured in pot, and addition is equivalent to Stichopus japonicus weight
The salt of amount 10%, vigorous fire is hotted plate and is stirred, and removes offscum in time, bakes 25-35 minute, observes Stichopus japonicus surface, if seeing wind
As i.e. dry doubling has bloom, salt burl is brilliant, can take the dish out of the pot；(5) ash is mixed: at once poured in trogue by the Stichopus japonicus after baked and mix while hot
Ash, each hundred kilograms of baked Stichopus japonicus ashes 10 kilograms；(6) dry: arrange single on drying tray for the Stichopus japonicus mixing ash, put
Enter baking room, after the temperature of 40-50 DEG C is dried 2-3 days, pack up loading gunnysack and be positioned at cool place, press pilling 2-3 days, continues
Drying is dry to 8 ninety percent, then accepts press pilling 2 days, then dries to meeting the requirements, and i.e. forms dry Stichopus japonicus finished product.
As optional technical scheme, in step (2), the water yield is 4 times of Stichopus japonicus weight.
As optional technical scheme, in step (3), when Stichopus japonicus is pickled, it should be noted that observe, as found, Stichopus japonicus is heated up, soup
Complexion changed is red, should inverted engine salt adding immediately or again twice-cooked stir-frying boil.
As optional technical scheme, the ash in step (5) is Xylosmae japonici ash or Masson Pine ash.
As optional technical scheme, the ash method of mixing in step (5) is: one layer of Stichopus japonicus spreads one layer of ash, uses waddy simultaneously
Stirring, finally at one layer of gunnysack of trogue upper cover, extruding, the moisture in Stichopus japonicus body is extruded, and glues last layer ash equably.
As optional technical scheme, above-mentioned steps (2) boil ginseng during be also applied with ultrasound wave.
As optional technical scheme, the parameter of this ultrasound wave is 25KHz, 500W.
As optional technical scheme, the baking room in above-mentioned steps (6) uses solar energy-heat pump joint drying system to enter
Row is dried, and this solar energy-heat pump joint drying system includes: heat pump, solar thermal collector, mixing chamber, multiple condensation are returned
Stream interlayer, multiple hothouse, temperature control heating converting system and dehumidification system, this solar thermal collector is in order to collect solar energy also
It is used for being dried to baking room through pipeline transmission by it；Heat pump is used to during solar radiation deficiency provide hot blast to use to baking room
In being dried, and the hot blast that this heat pump recoverable latent heat, this solar thermal collector and this heat pump produce is through defeated
Feed channel sends into mixing chamber, and this mixing chamber is connected to multiple hothouse, the plurality of hothouse and the plurality of condensing reflux interlayer and hands over
For being arranged side by side, this temperature control heating converting system is in order to regulate the temperature in baking room；This dehumidification system is in order to regulate baking room
Interior humidity.
As optional technical scheme, the solar-assisted heat pump drying property of this Stichopus japonicus meets Page equation:Wherein,N=0.738-0.005X1+
0.004X2+0.236X3；MR is moisture ratio, and t is drying time, X1Represent baking temperature (DEG C), X2Represent be dried time the wettest
Degree (%), X3Represent useful load (kg/m when being dried3)。
As optional technical scheme, when baking temperature be 45 DEG C, relative humidity is 60% and useful load is 1.2kg/
m3Time, the aggregative indicator of this dry Stichopus japonicus finished product is optimal.
As optional technical scheme, the rehydration after this dry Stichopus japonicus finished product rehydration compares and specific retention is along with baking temperature, phase
The first increases and then decreases to humidity and the increase of useful load；Along with the rising of temperature, in the hardness after this dry Stichopus japonicus finished product rehydration
Rise and flexibility decrease, along with the hardness after the big dry Stichopus japonicus finished product rehydration of change of relative humidity declines and elastic rising；This is dried temperature
Degree, this relative humidity and this useful load on the chewiness after this dry Stichopus japonicus finished product rehydration without impact.
Compared with prior art, the sea cucumber drying method technique of the present invention is relatively easy, and equipment requirements is moderate, it is possible to notable
Improving drying efficiency, energy-conserving and environment-protective, prepared dry Stichopus japonicus finished product condition is good, and rehydration is fast, safe and sanitary, preferably retains Stichopus japonicus original
Nutritional labeling and this technology be prone to control in real time, it is possible to realize continuous and automatic cleaning produce.
It addition, the present invention is used in applying ultrasound wave during boiling ginseng carries out pretreatment, this can improve the microcosmic of Stichopus japonicus
Organizational structure, increases the moisture diffusion in Micro porosity quantity, beneficially dry run, shortens drying time, improves dry product multiple
Water rate.And the process of follow-up drying uses solar energy-heat pump joint drying system and dries, ultrasound wave and solar energy-
The combination of heat pump united drying system so that whole Stichopus japonicus dry run compares conventional drying process time shortening 1/3, energy-conservation
More than 30%, and dried Stichopus japonicus reconstitution rate is good, shrinkage factor is low, and chromatic aberration is little, and value of the product is improved.It addition, too
Sun can Analysis of Heat Pump Drying System sunny sky time solar heating system can independent operating, time overcast and rainy heat pump heating system make auxiliary heat
Source and solar heating system cooperation, both can make full use of solar energy, and can lower again operating cost to greatest extent, have bright
Aobvious green, environmental protection, energy-conservation feature.
Can describe in detail by invention below about the advantages and spirit of the present invention and institute's accompanying drawings obtains further
Solve.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 show the flow chart of the sea cucumber drying method according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 and show the flow chart of the sea cucumber drying method according to the present invention.The present invention provides a kind of sea
Ginseng dry-making method of dried, this sea cucumber drying method comprises the following steps:
Step S1 (i.e. step (1)) Feedstock treating: choose fresh and alive sea cucumbers, inserts in Stichopus japonicus abdominal part with elongated cutter at anus
Cutter, and cut open forward to 1/3rd of Stichopus japonicus body length, reject rapidly internal organs, and clean with sea water.
Wherein, Stichopus japonicus, after fishing for up, typically solution to be cut away dirty immediately, if but export processing Intestinum Stichopi japonici also can be placed on
Net cage is supported temporarily, after waiting ship to go back to port, the Stichopus japonicus that lives is moved into and stores up net cage, be placed in 40-100 centimetre of deep sea water, store up one
At night, it is allowed to tell most silt, without net cage, it is possible to be put into by Stichopus japonicus in sea water pond and store up a night, it is desirable that there be certain following
The ring water yield, such effectiveness comparison is good.
It addition, for avoiding affecting attractive in appearance and quality, the edge of a knife to be rectified, it is impossible to operates on from the head end of Stichopus japonicus.The Stichopus japonicus dissected,
First extract the white intestinal of anus end, then take out yolk yellow intestinal and the respiratory trees of white of upper end, put into dish in the lump, cut open and adopt
Time, for ensureing the crudy of Intestinum Stichopi japonici, the complete of intestinal tube to be kept as far as possible.
Step S2 (i.e. step (2)) boils ginseng: after water boiling, rejecting internal organs clean Stichopus japonicus is put into water and (uses sea water
Or fresh water) in boil, use vigorous fire cooking, to be stirred during boiling, make Stichopus japonicus be heated evenly, and prevent paste pot skin
And affect quality.And the offscum on the water surface to remove in time, after boiling 35-45 minute, pull out in time general the most now, Stichopus japonicus can
Reach that skin is tight, thorn is hard for degree.Wherein, the above-mentioned water yield is that 4 times of Stichopus japonicus weight are preferred.
Step S3 (i.e. step (3)) is pickled: put in container by well-done Stichopus japonicus, adds while hot and always needs the 40% of salt amount
Salt stirs, and makes it lower the temperature, and after cooling, is poured in the lump in cylinder together with the decoction oozed out by Stichopus japonicus, seals, is placed in the moon
Liang Chu pickles 10 days.Said vesse for example, basin or wooden barrel.And, when Stichopus japonicus is pickled, it should be noted that observe, as found Stichopus japonicus liter
Temperature, soup complexion changed is red, should inverted engine salt adding immediately or again twice-cooked stir-frying boil.
The roasting ginseng of step S4 (i.e. step (4)): add seven points of full saturated salt solutions in pot, after boiling, by pickle
Stichopus japonicus is poured in pot, and adds the salt being equivalent to Stichopus japonicus weight 10%, reduces the concentration of halogen soup with the moisture preventing Stichopus japonicus from discharging,
Vigorous fire is hotted plate and is stirred, and removes offscum in time, bakes 25-35 minute, and Stichopus japonicus can be pulled out several observation Stichopus japonicus surface, if
As seeing wind i.e. dry doubling having bloom, salt burl is brilliant, can take the dish out of the pot.
Step S5 (i.e. step (5)) mixes ash: is at once poured into by the Stichopus japonicus after baked and mixes ash in trogue while hot, each hundred kilograms
Baked Stichopus japonicus ash 10 kilograms.Wherein, ash be Xylosmae japonici ash or Masson Pine ash preferably, darkish complexion is dry soon, plant ash and other ashes, color
Shallow drying slow, the finished product dry Stichopus japonicus color and luster processed is the most attractive in appearance.And mix ash method be: one layer of Stichopus japonicus spreads one layer of ash, simultaneously
Stir with waddy, finally at one layer of gunnysack of trogue upper cover, extrude (such as trampling with foot or other instruments), by the water in Stichopus japonicus body
Divide extrusion, and glue last layer ash equably.
Step S6 (i.e. step (6)) is dried: arranges single on drying tray for the Stichopus japonicus mixing ash, puts on the top of the shelf, push away
Enter baking room, through the temperature of 40-50 DEG C, the humidity of 40%-60%, after drying 2-3 days, the most about dry to 6 seventy percent dry,
Pack up loading gunnysack and be positioned at cool place, press pilling 2-3 days so that it is diffusion moisture, continues drying dry to 8 ninety percent, then accepts
Press pilling 2 days, then dries to meeting the requirements, and i.e. forms dry Stichopus japonicus finished product.
Dry Stichopus japonicus finished product after step S7 (i.e. step (7)) is dried carries out packing again, stores, checks.
Further, step S5 of the present invention, during i.e. boiling ginseng, also it is applied with the ultrasound wave of 25KHz, 500W, utilizes
Ultrasound wave Stichopus japonicus is dried before process of precooking, it is possible to improve the heterogeneous microstructure of Stichopus japonicus, increase Micro porosity quantity,
Be conducive to the moisture diffusion in dry run, shorten drying time, improve dry product reconstitution rate.
Yet further, the baking room in above-mentioned steps S6 uses solar energy-heat pump joint drying system to be dried, should
Solar energy-heat pump joint drying system includes: heat pump, solar thermal collector, mixing chamber, multiple condensing reflux interlayer, many
Individual hothouse, temperature control heating converting system and dehumidification system, this solar thermal collector is in order to collect solar energy and by it through pipe
Road transmission is used for being dried to baking room；There is provided hot blast to baking room for being dried when heat pump is used to solar radiation deficiency,
And this heat pump recoverable latent heat.The hot blast that this solar thermal collector and this heat pump produce send through gas pipeline
Entering mixing chamber, this mixing chamber is connected to multiple hothouse, multiple hothouses and multiple condensing reflux interlayer and is alternately arranged side by side, temperature
Control adds heat conversion system in order to the temperature regulating in baking room；Dehumidification system is in order to control the humidity in baking room.The sun is competent
Dry is to utilize solar radiant energy to be dried, and heat pump drying is to utilize heat pump to absorb heat from low-temperature heat source, by it higher
At a temperature of release thus material is dried.Combined solar energy heat pump dry technology both can overcome solar energy drying climate bar
The shortcoming that part limits, dry run is unstable, can lower heat pump drying cost simultaneously, has energy-efficient, cold cycle, continuously
The advantages such as automatization is dried.Wherein, it is preferred that the main engine power of heat pump: less than or equal to 3.9KW, heat pump cycle blower fan merit
Rate: less than or equal to 0.55KW, solar energy power of fan: less than or equal to 0.55KW, wet-emitting blower power: 0.25KW, so, dehydration
Efficiency can reach 10 kilograms per hour (when baking room temperature is 70 DEG C).
And tests prove that, the solar-assisted heat pump drying property of Stichopus japonicus and baking temperature, relative humidity, useful load
Relevant.Baking temperature, relative humidity, useful load have considerable influence to the dry rate of Stichopus japonicus, and dry rate is along with dry temperature
Degree raises, relative humidity reduces, useful load reduces and substantially accelerates.The solar-assisted heat pump drying property of concrete Stichopus japonicus is full
Foot Page equation:Wherein,N=0.738-
0.005X1+0.004X2+0.236X3；MR is moisture ratio, and t is drying time, X1Represent baking temperature (DEG C), X2When representing dry
Relative humidity (%), X3Represent useful load (kg/m when being dried3)。
And test proof, above-mentioned model (i.e. Page equation) can accurately reflect Stichopus japonicus solar-assisted heat pump and be dried rule
Rule, it is possible to preferably moisture content and the percentage of water loss of prediction Stichopus japonicus solar-assisted heat pump dry run changes, it is achieved Stichopus japonicus exists
It is dried the on-line monitoring of moisture content in production process.
Further, in actual production process, the Stichopus japonicus through pretreatment can be combined dry first with solar energy-heat pump
Drying system is dried and is evaporated to surface moisture, after starting hardening occur, stops being dried, Stichopus japonicus is placed in sealed bag overnight, fully subtracts
Few night is without heat pump energy consumption produced by solar energy, and free surface moisture is uniformly distributed further in making Stichopus japonicus, reduce Surface hardened layer and
Browning phenomenon, improves drying efficiency.
It addition, as it has been described above, the sea cucumber drying method of the present invention can promote the rehydration quality of dried Stichopus japonicus, and rehydration
Quality is the key factor of the quality determining dried Stichopus japonicus.Thus the present invention utilizes solar energy-heat pump joint drying system
Dry, and to the baking temperature in dry run, relative humidity through the ultrasonic assistant Stichopus japonicus processed of precooking
And useful load has carried out following experimentation for the impact of the rehydration quality of dried dry Stichopus japonicus finished product.
1. the baking temperature impact on Stichopus japonicus rehydration quality characteristic
When in dry run relative humidity be 60%, useful load be 1.2kg/m3Time, choose different baking temperatures (45
DEG C, 55 DEG C, 65 DEG C, 75 DEG C) carry out solar heat pump dried, and measure respectively the rehydration ratio of dry Stichopus japonicus finished product, specific retention,
Texture characteristic.
(1) baking temperature impact on Stichopus japonicus rehydration ratio
Along with the rising of baking temperature, the rehydration ratio of Stichopus japonicus presents downward trend.This is because, Stichopus japonicus organizational structure is main
Being made up of collagen protein, temperature is the biggest, and unit mass and the heat energy that in the time, Stichopus japonicus absorbs are the most, collagen protein thermal denaturation shrinkage
The most severe, be easily caused histiocyte and destroy serious, and tight clusters, and the quality of rehydration performance depends on that Stichopus japonicus is dried
Texture characteristic.But Stichopus japonicus easily self-dissolving, is dried at a lower temperature and not only can reduce dry rate, the most easily because
Self-dissolving and cause quality to decline, at 45 DEG C, the rehydration of Stichopus japonicus is bigger, is suitable for that Stichopus japonicus is carried out solar heat pump and is dried.
(2) baking temperature impact on Stichopus japonicus specific retention
Along with the rising of baking temperature, the specific retention of Stichopus japonicus totally presents downward trend, with the variation tendency one of rehydration ratio
Cause.The size of Stichopus japonicus specific retention is relevant with the binding force of the macromolecular complex confrontation hydrones such as collagen egg.When temperature is relatively low, it is dried and leads
The destructiveness causing Stichopus japonicus organizational structure is less, and Stichopus japonicus is stronger to the constraint ability of hydrone.When temperature is excessive, cause Stichopus japonicus group
Knitting cytoclasis serious, excess collagen shrinks, and is unfavorable for that hydrone enters into Stichopus japonicus cell interior in reconstitution process, most
Hydrone is in wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus top layer.
(3) baking temperature impact on Stichopus japonicus texture characteristic
Along with baking temperature raises, Stichopus japonicus hardness is also with increase.This is owing to temperature is the highest, and unit mass Stichopus japonicus absorbs
Heat energy is the biggest, and degeneration and the myofibrillar contraction of the fribrillin of Stichopus japonicus are the most severe, cause hydrone to be difficult to penetrate into sea
Ginseng is internal, rehydration degradation, and bulk expansion degree diminishes, and therefore after rehydration, hardness increases.
Elastic change becomes negative correlation with hardness, i.e. temperature is the highest, and the elasticity after Stichopus japonicus rehydration is the poorest.
Temperature is the most notable on the impact of chewiness after drying Stichopus japonicus rehydration.
2. the relative humidity impact on Stichopus japonicus rehydration quality characteristic
When in dry run temperature be 45 DEG C, useful load be 1.2kg/m3Time, choose different relative humidity (30%,
40%, 50%, 60%) carry out solar heat pump dried, and measure the rehydration ratio of dry Stichopus japonicus finished product, specific retention, matter respectively
Structure characteristic.
(1) relative humidity impact on Stichopus japonicus rehydration ratio
It is dried indoor relative humidity to reduce so that it is and the psychrometric difference increase between Stichopus japonicus, the moisture diffusion speed on Stichopus japonicus surface
Accelerate, but the too low meeting of humidity causes that Stichopus japonicus surface moisture is too fast to be dissipated, and internal moisture is yet in time to external diffusion, thus lead
Cause Stichopus japonicus surface dry and cracked, contraction distortion, lose original form.Along with the rising of relative humidity, Stichopus japonicus rehydration ratio presents incremental
Trend.This is owing within the specific limits, relative humidity is the least, and the moisture removal in wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus is the fastest, and collagen protein heat becomes
Property shrink, formed tight structure, cause moisture in reconstitution process to be difficult to wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus diffusion inside.Visible, work as relative humidity
Be conducive to when being 60% improving Stichopus japonicus drying quality.
(2) relative humidity impact on Stichopus japonicus specific retention
Specific retention after dry Stichopus japonicus finished product rehydration increases likewise as the rising of dry run relative humidity, multiple with Stichopus japonicus
The variation tendency of water ratio is proportionate.The size of specific retention and Stichopus japonicus organizational structure are closely bound up to the constraint ability of hydrone.
When dry relative humidity is too low, wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus tight collapse, the washiness that reconstitution process is absorbed is present in wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus
Top layer, thus cause specific retention to decline.
(3) relative humidity impact on Stichopus japonicus texture characteristic
Along with the increase of relative humidity in dry run, Stichopus japonicus hardness declines the most therewith, and elasticity rises the most therewith, both
Between there is negative correlation.This be due to relative humidity too low time, the too fast removal of moisture of Stichopus japonicus top layer, cause holothurian collagen to become
Property serious, structure becomes fine and close, causes hardness after rehydration big and elastic little, it is seen that carries out solar energy-heat pump at high humidity and does
The dry quality being more beneficial for improving Stichopus japonicus.
Each relative humidity is the most notable on the impact of Carnis Haliotidis chewiness.
3. it is dried the useful load impact on Stichopus japonicus rehydration quality characteristic
When in dry run temperature be 45 DEG C, relative humidity be 60% time, choose different useful load (0.4kg/m3、
0.8kg/m3、1.2kg/m3、1.6kg/m3、2.0kg/m3) carry out solar heat pump dried, and measure dry Stichopus japonicus one-tenth respectively
The rehydration ratio of product, specific retention, texture characteristic.
(1) useful load impact on Stichopus japonicus rehydration ratio
Useful load becomes normal distribution to the impact of Stichopus japonicus rehydration ratio.When useful load is less than 1.2kg/m3Time, the rehydration of Stichopus japonicus
Ratio presents increasing trend, and afterwards, rehydration ratio begins to decline.Stichopus japonicus rehydration ratio is had aobvious by the heat energy that in unit mass, Stichopus japonicus absorbs
Writing impact, useful load is excessive or too small is all unfavorable for Stichopus japonicus rehydration.
(2) useful load impact on Stichopus japonicus specific retention
The variation tendency of specific retention is similar with rehydration ratio, along with useful load increases to 1.2kg/m3, the specific retention of Stichopus japonicus in
Existing increasing trend, and afterwards, specific retention begins to decline.Specific retention after visible drying Stichopus japonicus rehydration is closely bound up with rehydration ratio,
Stichopus japonicus specific retention is the most also had an impact by the heat energy that in unit mass, Stichopus japonicus absorbs, and useful load is excessive or too small is all unfavorable for Stichopus japonicus
Absorption to hydrone.
(3) useful load impact on Stichopus japonicus texture characteristic
Big along with loading quantitative change, the hardness of Stichopus japonicus, chewiness increase the most therewith, and both variation tendencies are certain positive correlation,
But from 1.2kg/m3Starting, the change of useful load is the most notable on the impact of Stichopus japonicus hardness and chewiness.
The change of useful load is the most notable on the impact that Stichopus japonicus is elastic.
In summary, the rehydration after dry Stichopus japonicus finished product rehydration compares and specific retention is along with baking temperature, relative humidity and loading
Amount increase and first increases and then decreases.And between hardness and the elasticity after dry Stichopus japonicus finished product rehydration, there is the pass of negative correlation
System, along with the rising of temperature, the hardness after dry Stichopus japonicus finished product rehydration rises and flexibility decrease, along with the big Stichopus japonicus of the change of relative humidity
Hardness after dry finished product rehydration declines and elastic rising.After baking temperature, relative humidity and useful load are to dry Stichopus japonicus finished product rehydration
The impact of chewiness the most notable.
Wherein, when baking temperature be 45 DEG C, relative humidity is 60% and useful load is 1.2kg/m3Time, dry Stichopus japonicus finished product is combined
Conjunction index is optimal, and concrete index prediction value is drying time=70h, specific energy consumption=78.187kJ/g.
The following is several specific embodiments of the present invention, further illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited only to this in fact
Execute example.
Embodiment 1
(1) Feedstock treating: choose fresh and alive sea cucumbers, with elongated cutter in Stichopus japonicus abdominal part slotting tool at anus, and cut open forward to
At 1/3rd of Stichopus japonicus body length, reject rapidly internal organs, and clean with sea water.
(2) boil ginseng: after water boiling, rejecting internal organs clean Stichopus japonicus are put in water (using sea water or fresh water)
Boiling, the water yield is 4 times of Stichopus japonicus weight, uses vigorous fire cooking, to be stirred during boiling, and makes Stichopus japonicus be heated evenly, and prevents
Paste pot skin and affect quality.And the offscum on the water surface to remove in time, after boiling 35 minutes, pull out in time.
(3) pickle: well-done Stichopus japonicus is put in wooden barrel, add the salt of always need salt amount 40% while hot and stir, and
Make it lower the temperature, after cooling, Stichopus japonicus is poured in cylinder in the lump together with the decoction oozed out, seal, be placed at cool place pickling 10 days.
(4) roasting ginseng: add seven points of full saturated salt solutions in pot, after boiling, the Stichopus japonicus pickled is poured in pot, and
Adding the salt being equivalent to Stichopus japonicus weight 10%, reduce the concentration of halogen soup with the moisture preventing Stichopus japonicus from discharging, vigorous fire is hotted plate and carries out
Stirring, removes offscum in time, bakes 30 minutes, and Stichopus japonicus is pulled out several observation Stichopus japonicus surface, if seeing, wind i.e. dry doubling has bloom seemingly
Salt burl brilliant, can take the dish out of the pot.
(5) ash is mixed: at once poured into by the Stichopus japonicus after baked and trogue is mixed ash while hot, each hundred kilograms of baked Stichopus japonicuss ashes
10 kilograms.Wherein, ash be Xylosmae japonici ash or Masson Pine ash preferably, darkish complexion is dry soon.Mixing ash method is: one layer of Stichopus japonicus spreads one layer of ash, with
Time with waddy stir, finally at one layer of gunnysack of trogue upper cover, extrude (such as trampling with foot or other instruments), by Stichopus japonicus body
Moisture is extruded, and glues last layer ash equably.
(6) dry: arrange single on drying tray for the Stichopus japonicus mixing ash, put on the top of the shelf, push baking room, through 50 DEG C
Temperature, the humidity of 60%, after drying 2 days, the most about dry to 6 seventy percent dry, pack up loading gunnysack and be positioned over cool place
Place, press pilling 3 days so that it is diffusion moisture, continues drying dry to 8 ninety percent, then accepts press pilling 2 days, then dry to conforming to
Ask, i.e. form dry Stichopus japonicus finished product.
(7) the dry Stichopus japonicus finished product after drying carries out packing again, stores, checks.
Embodiment 2
(1) Feedstock treating: choose fresh and alive sea cucumbers, with elongated cutter in Stichopus japonicus abdominal part slotting tool at anus, and cut open forward to
At 1/3rd of Stichopus japonicus body length, reject rapidly internal organs, and clean with sea water.
(2) ginseng is boiled: during boiling ginseng, be applied with the ultrasound wave of 25KHz, 500W, after water boiling, by rejecting internal organs and wash
Clean Stichopus japonicus is put in water (using sea water or fresh water) and boils, and the water yield is 4 times of Stichopus japonicus weight, uses vigorous fire cooking, the mistake boiled
Journey to be stirred, makes Stichopus japonicus be heated evenly, and prevent from pasting pot skin and affecting quality.And the offscum on the water surface is the most clear
Remove, after boiling 45 minutes, pull out in time.
(3) pickle: well-done Stichopus japonicus is put in wooden barrel, add the salt of always need salt amount 40% while hot and stir, and
Make it lower the temperature, after cooling, Stichopus japonicus is poured in cylinder in the lump together with the decoction oozed out, seal, be placed at cool place pickling 10 days.
(4) roasting ginseng: add seven points of full saturated salt solutions in pot, after boiling, the Stichopus japonicus pickled is poured in pot, and
Adding the salt being equivalent to Stichopus japonicus weight 10%, reduce the concentration of halogen soup with the moisture preventing Stichopus japonicus from discharging, vigorous fire is hotted plate and carries out
Stirring, removes offscum in time, bakes 30 minutes, and Stichopus japonicus is pulled out several observation Stichopus japonicus surface, if seeing, wind i.e. dry doubling has bloom seemingly
Salt burl brilliant, can take the dish out of the pot.
(5) ash is mixed: at once poured into by the Stichopus japonicus after baked and trogue is mixed ash while hot, each hundred kilograms of baked Stichopus japonicuss ashes
10 kilograms.Wherein, ash be Xylosmae japonici ash or Masson Pine ash preferably, darkish complexion is dry soon.Mixing ash method is: one layer of Stichopus japonicus spreads one layer of ash, with
Time with waddy stir, finally at one layer of gunnysack of trogue upper cover, extrude (such as trampling with foot or other instruments), by Stichopus japonicus body
Moisture is extruded, and glues last layer ash equably.
(6) dry: arrange single on drying tray for the Stichopus japonicus mixing ash, put on the top of the shelf, push baking room, through 40 DEG C
Temperature, the humidity of 50%, after drying 3 days, the most about dry to 6 seventy percent dry, pack up loading gunnysack and be positioned over cool place
Place, press pilling 3 days so that it is diffusion moisture, continues drying dry to 8 ninety percent, then accepts press pilling 2 days, then dry to conforming to
Ask, i.e. form dry Stichopus japonicus finished product.
(7) the dry Stichopus japonicus finished product after drying carries out packing again, stores, checks.
Embodiment 3
(1) Feedstock treating: choose fresh and alive sea cucumbers, with elongated cutter in Stichopus japonicus abdominal part slotting tool at anus, and cut open forward to
At 1/3rd of Stichopus japonicus body length, reject rapidly internal organs, and clean with sea water.
(2) ginseng is boiled: during boiling ginseng, be applied with the ultrasound wave of 25KHz, 500W, after water boiling, by rejecting internal organs and wash
Clean Stichopus japonicus is put in water (using sea water or fresh water) and boils, and the water yield is 4 times of Stichopus japonicus weight, uses vigorous fire cooking, the mistake boiled
Journey to be stirred, makes Stichopus japonicus be heated evenly, and prevent from pasting pot skin and affecting quality.And the offscum on the water surface is the most clear
Remove, after boiling 40 minutes, pull out in time.
(3) pickle: well-done Stichopus japonicus is put in wooden barrel, add the salt of always need salt amount 40% while hot and stir, and
Make it lower the temperature, after cooling, Stichopus japonicus is poured in cylinder in the lump together with the decoction oozed out, seal, be placed at cool place pickling 10 days.
(4) roasting ginseng: add seven points of full saturated salt solutions in pot, after boiling, the Stichopus japonicus pickled is poured in pot, and
Adding the salt being equivalent to Stichopus japonicus weight 10%, reduce the concentration of halogen soup with the moisture preventing Stichopus japonicus from discharging, vigorous fire is hotted plate and carries out
Stirring, removes offscum in time, bakes 30 minutes, and Stichopus japonicus is pulled out several observation Stichopus japonicus surface, if seeing, wind i.e. dry doubling has bloom seemingly
Salt burl brilliant, can take the dish out of the pot.
(5) ash is mixed: at once poured into by the Stichopus japonicus after baked and trogue is mixed ash while hot, each hundred kilograms of baked Stichopus japonicuss ashes
10 kilograms.Wherein, ash be Xylosmae japonici ash or Masson Pine ash preferably, darkish complexion is dry soon.Mixing ash method is: one layer of Stichopus japonicus spreads one layer of ash, with
Time with waddy stir, finally at one layer of gunnysack of trogue upper cover, extrude (such as trampling with foot or other instruments), by Stichopus japonicus body
Moisture is extruded, and glues last layer ash equably.
(6) dry: arrange single on drying tray for the Stichopus japonicus mixing ash, put on the top of the shelf, push baking room, through 45 DEG C
Temperature, the humidity of 60%, after drying 2 days, the most about dry to 6 seventy percent dry, pack up loading gunnysack and be positioned over cool place
Place, press pilling 3 days so that it is diffusion moisture, continues drying dry to 8 ninety percent, then accepts press pilling 2 days, then dry to conforming to
Ask, i.e. form dry Stichopus japonicus finished product.
(7) the dry Stichopus japonicus finished product after drying carries out packing again, stores, checks.
Prove through experiment and detection, utilize the dry Stichopus japonicus finished product that dry-making method of dried of the present invention produces, be respectively provided with following quality:
1. appearance luster: having the due color and luster of this product, glossy, abnormal smells from the patient perfume (or spice) is fresh, appearance slightly bloom, and form is intact,
Size is basically identical, without chip；There is the due abnormal smells from the patient of this product and flavour, wait abnormal flavour without spoiled by rancid oil or fat；Be visible by naked eyes is miscellaneous
Matter exists.
2. physicochemical requirements
Moisture :≤20.0%；Sodium chloride :≤6%
In sum, the sea cucumber drying method technique of the present invention is relatively easy, and equipment requirements is moderate, it is possible to significantly improve dry
Dry efficiency, energy-conserving and environment-protective, prepared dry Stichopus japonicus finished product condition is good, and rehydration is fast, safe and sanitary, preferably retains the original nutrition of Stichopus japonicus
Composition and this technology are prone to control in real time, it is possible to the cleaning realizing continuous and automatic produces.
It addition, the present invention applies ultrasound wave during being used in decocting in water carries out pretreatment, this can improve the microcosmic of Stichopus japonicus
Organizational structure, increases the moisture diffusion in Micro porosity quantity, beneficially dry run, shortens drying time, improves dry product multiple
Water rate.And the process of follow-up drying uses solar energy-heat pump joint drying system and dries, ultrasound wave and solar energy-
The combination of heat pump united drying system so that whole Stichopus japonicus dry run compares conventional drying process time shortening 1/3, energy-conservation
More than 30%, and dried Stichopus japonicus reconstitution rate is good, shrinkage factor is low, and chromatic aberration is little, and value of the product is improved.It addition, too
Sun can Analysis of Heat Pump Drying System sunny sky time solar heating system can independent operating, time overcast and rainy heat pump heating system make auxiliary heat
Source and solar heating system cooperation, both can make full use of solar energy, and can lower again operating cost to greatest extent, have bright
Aobvious green, environmental protection, energy-conservation feature.
By the above detailed description of preferred embodiments, it is intended to more clearly describe inventive feature and spirit,
And not with above-mentioned disclosed preferred embodiment, protection scope of the present invention is any limitation as.On the contrary, its purpose
It is intended to contain being arranged in the scope of the claims that the present invention to be applied for of various change and tool equality.Cause
This, the apllied scope of the claims of the present invention should make the broadest explanation, to cause it according to above-mentioned explanation
Contain all possible change and the arrangement of tool equality.
Claims (10)
1. a sea cucumber drying method, it is characterised in that this sea cucumber drying method comprises the following steps:
(1) Feedstock treating: choose fresh and alive sea cucumbers, in Stichopus japonicus abdominal part slotting tool at anus, and three cutd open forward to Stichopus japonicus body length
At/mono-, reject rapidly internal organs, and clean with sea water；
(2) boiling ginseng: after water boiling, rejecting internal organs clean Stichopus japonicus are put in water and boiled, the water yield boiling Stichopus japonicus is Stichopus japonicus weight
4 times, to be stirred during boiling, and the offscum on the water surface to be removed in time, after boiling 35-45 minute, pulls out in time；
(3) pickle: well-done Stichopus japonicus is put in container, add the salt of always need salt amount 40% while hot and stir, and make it
Cooling, after cooling, pours in cylinder together with the decoction oozed out in the lump by Stichopus japonicus, seals, is placed at cool place pickling 10 days；
(4) roasting ginseng: add seven points of full saturated salt solutions in pot, after boiling, the Stichopus japonicus pickled is poured in pot, and adds
Being equivalent to the salt of Stichopus japonicus weight 10%, vigorous fire is hotted plate and is stirred, and removes offscum in time, bakes 25-35 minute, observes Stichopus japonicus
Surface, if salt burl is brilliant as seeing wind i.e. dry doubling having bloom, can take the dish out of the pot；
(5) mixing ash: at once poured into by the Stichopus japonicus after baked and mix ash in trogue while hot, each hundred kilograms of baked Stichopus japonicuss are public with ash 10
Jin；
(6) dry: arrange single on drying tray for the Stichopus japonicus mixing ash, put into baking room, dry 2-through the temperature of 40-50 DEG C
After 3 days, pack up loading gunnysack and be positioned at cool place, press pilling 2-3 days, continues drying dry to 8 ninety percent, then accepts press pilling 2
My god, then dry to meeting the requirements, i.e. form dry Stichopus japonicus finished product.
2. sea cucumber drying method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), when Stichopus japonicus is pickled, it should be noted that see
Examine, as find Stichopus japonicus heat up, soup complexion changed is red, should inverted engine salt adding immediately or again twice-cooked stir-frying boil.
3. sea cucumber drying method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the ash in step (5) is Xylosmae japonici ash or Masson Pine ash.
4. sea cucumber drying method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the ash method of mixing in step (5) is: one layer of Stichopus japonicus
Spread one layer of ash, stir with waddy simultaneously, finally at one layer of gunnysack of trogue upper cover, extruding, the moisture in Stichopus japonicus body is extruded, and all
Glue last layer ash evenly.
5. sea cucumber drying method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned steps (2) boil ginseng during also apply
There is ultrasound wave.
6. sea cucumber drying method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the parameter of this ultrasound wave is 25KHz, 500W.
7. sea cucumber drying method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the baking room in above-mentioned steps (6) uses the sun
Energy-heat pump united drying system is dried, and this solar energy-heat pump joint drying system includes: heat pump, solar energy heating
Device, mixing chamber, multiple condensing reflux interlayer, multiple hothouse, temperature control heating converting system and dehumidification system, this solar energy collection
Hot device is in order to collect solar energy and to be used for being dried to baking room through pipeline transmission by it；It is not enough that heat pump is used to solar radiation
Time provide hot blast to baking room to be used for being dried, and this heat pump recoverable latent heat, this solar thermal collector and this heat
The hot blast that pumping system produces sends into mixing chamber through gas pipeline, and this mixing chamber is connected to multiple hothouse, the plurality of hothouse and
The plurality of condensing reflux interlayer is alternately arranged side by side, and this temperature control heating converting system is in order to regulate the temperature in baking room；This row
Wet system is in order to regulate the humidity in baking room.
8. sea cucumber drying method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the solar-assisted heat pump drying property of this Stichopus japonicus
Meet Page equation:Wherein,N=
0.738-0.005X1+0.004X2+0236X3；MR is moisture ratio, and t is drying time, X1Represent baking temperature (DEG C), X2Represent dry
Relative humidity (%) time dry, X3Represent useful load (kg/m when being dried3)。
9. sea cucumber drying method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that when baking temperature be 45 DEG C, relative humidity be
60% and useful load be 1.2kg/m3Time, the aggregative indicator of this dry Stichopus japonicus finished product is optimal.
10. sea cucumber drying method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the rehydration after this dry Stichopus japonicus finished product rehydration than and
Specific retention is along with the increase of baking temperature, relative humidity and useful load and first increases and then decreases；Along with the rising of temperature, this Stichopus japonicus
Hardness after dry finished product rehydration rises and flexibility decrease, along with the hardness after the big dry Stichopus japonicus finished product rehydration of change of relative humidity declines
And elasticity rises；This baking temperature, this relative humidity and this useful load on the chewiness after this dry Stichopus japonicus finished product rehydration without impact.
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| CN113317457A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-08-31 | 大连工业大学 | Method for preparing dried sea cucumber by combined drying |
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| CN202813993U (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2013-03-20 | 福建农林大学 | Sectionalized multi-chamber solar energy-heat pump drying system |
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| CN202813993U (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2013-03-20 | 福建农林大学 | Sectionalized multi-chamber solar energy-heat pump drying system |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110463926A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-19 | 福建省锦添农业开发有限公司 | A kind of integral type Holothurian machining flow process |
| CN113317457A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-08-31 | 大连工业大学 | Method for preparing dried sea cucumber by combined drying |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20170104 |