CN102919891B - Sea cucumber drying method - Google Patents
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- CN102919891B CN102919891B CN201210473029.2A CN201210473029A CN102919891B CN 102919891 B CN102919891 B CN 102919891B CN 201210473029 A CN201210473029 A CN 201210473029A CN 102919891 B CN102919891 B CN 102919891B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
Abstract
The invention provides a sea cucumber drying method and relates to the technical field of marine product drying. The sea cucumber drying method comprises the following steps: selecting raw materials, removing internal organs, boiling by salt, washing, carrying out microwave vacuum drying, tempering, drying by a solar heat pump, and packaging to obtain a finished product. According to the sea cucumber drying method, the microwave vacuum drying process and the solar heat pump drying process are combined for stage drying, the advantages of the two drying processes are given into full play, and a great significance is generated for improving the sea cucumber drying efficiency and quality and saving the cost. The process is simple, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the drying efficiency can be remarkably improved. Moreover, the drying method provided by the invention is moderate, the dried sea cucumber is good in quality and appearance, quick in reconstitution, sanitary and safe, the original nutritional ingredients of the sea cucumber are better maintained, and the technology is easy to control in real time and can achieve continuous and automatic clean production.
Description
technical field
The present invention relates to the dry processing technique field of marine product, relate in particular to a kind of method of utilizing the drying sea cucumber of microwave vacuum combined solar heat pump.
background technology
Sea cucumber (
stichopus Japonicus) belong to Echinodermata Holothuroidea, have high nutritive value, be in the world rare high protein, low fat, low sugar, without the natural health care of cholesterol, be called as " marine ginseng ".Modern pharmacological research shows, sea cucumber has the effects such as anticoagulation, antithrombotic, reduction blood sugar, antitumor, immunological regulation, Promote cell's growth, and the parent who is day by day subject to consumer looks at.Therefore but sea cucumber leaves seawater understands self-dissolving very soon, fresh sea cucumber is conventionally processed to dried sea-cucumber and carries out long term storage, and the whole world has 90% fresh sea cucumber to be processed to various dried products at present.
Traditional dry-making method of dried of sea cucumber is natural drying, and whole drying process is poach repeatedly, hangs salt and mixes ash, required time is long, and efficiency is extremely low, and sanitary condition is wayward, have a strong impact on output and the quality of sea cucumber goods, can not meet the quality requirement of high-grade sea cucumber.Have in recent years researcher to adopt Freeze Drying Technique processing sea cucumber, although can preserve to greatest extent the nutritional labeling of sea cucumber, equipment investment is high, operating cost is expensive.Therefore, find a kind of sea cucumber dry-making method of dried that can guarantee sea cucumber drying efficiency and quality and save drying cost, to improve sea cucumber drying technology, adapt to the sea cucumber goods market expanding gradually and seem very important.
Microwave vacuum drying technology is that microwave drying and two dry technologies of vacuum drying are combined, and utilizes microwave rapid and uniform heating, and make moisture rapid evaporation under vacuum condition.This technology can realize material rapid draing at a lower temperature, and the nutritional labeling of preserving preferably material, has been widely used in the drying of fruit and vegetable food at present, and has applied to more and more the processing of aquatic products.Have scholar micro-wave vacuum to be applied to the processing of sea cucumber, rate of drying is fast, the time is short.But sea cucumber is rich in protein, the simple micro-wave vacuum later stage, the strong penetrating power of microwave energy easily caused protein denaturation along with moisture reduces, and affected sea cucumber quality and rehydration efficiency.
Solar energy drying is to utilize solar radiant energy to be dried, and heat pump drying is to utilize heat pump from low-temperature heat source, to absorb heat, thereby it is discharged material is dried under higher temperature.Combined solar energy heat pump dry technology both can overcome solar energy drying climate condition restriction, the unsettled shortcoming of dry run, simultaneously can lower heat pump drying cost, had the advantages such as energy-efficient, low-temperature circulating, continuous and automatic be dry.
Therefore, micro-wave vacuum and solar heat pump dry technology can be joined together, the early stage of drying applied microwave vacuum drying technique makes moisture fast reducing in sea cucumber, avoids that product is for a long time dry easily to be caused putrid and deterioratedly, and keeps preferably the original nutritional labeling of material and organoleptic quality.The later stage of drying utilizes solar heat pump to be dried, and efficient energy-saving is easy to control dry terminal.At present micro-wave vacuum and combined solar energy heat pump are not carried out to drying bibliographical information to sea cucumber.
summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of sea cucumber dry-making method of dried, to improving sea cucumber drying efficiency and quality, cost-saving significant.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A sea cucumber dry-making method of dried, the step of described method comprises: raw material selects, goes that internal organ, salt boil, cleaning, micro-wave vacuum, tempering, solar heat pump are dry, packing; Salt boils: described salt boils and adopts the light salt brine that mass concentration is 3% ~ 5%.
Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) raw material is selected: more than choosing fresh weight 120 g, and build grossness, meat is abundant, and surface is glossy, fresh free of contamination sea cucumber;
(2) remove internal organ: fresh and alive sea cucumbers is cutd open forward to body length 1/4 ~ 1/3 from anus from the outside of belly, reject rapidly internal organ, clear water is cleaned, and drains;
(3) salt boils: sea cucumber is put into the light salt brine boiling of boiling, sea cucumber body is fixed, digestion process will stir, and pulls out after boiling 15 ~ 30min;
(4) clean: with cold water, clean sea cucumber surface, drain;
(5) micro-wave vacuum: the sea cucumber draining is evenly put in the material disc of microwave vacuum drying chamber, carry out micro-wave vacuum;
(7) tempering: will take out tempering through micro-wave vacuum to the sea cucumber of moisture content 40%～50%;
(8) solar heat pump is dry: the sea cucumber after tempering is carried out to solar heat pump and be dried, to moisture content≤15%;
(9) packing: dried sea cucumber carries out vacuum packaging and obtains product.
Described micro-wave vacuum is at microwave power 1kW～4kW, under the condition of vacuum-55 kPa ~-85kPa, is dried, and micro-wave vacuum temperature range is 30 ℃ ~ 50 ℃, and drying mode is continuous microwave vacuum drying or batch microwave vacuum drying.
Described tempering condition is: under 20～30 ℃ of temperature and 50～60% damp conditions, place 2h～5h.
Described solar heat pump is dry, and baking temperature is controlled at 40 ℃ ~ 60 ℃, adopts freeze-day with constant temperature or gradient freeze-day with constant temperature, and rotary speed 0 ~ 10r/min is set.
Described salt boils and adopts the light salt brine that mass concentration is 3% ~ 5%.
The invention provides a kind of technique relatively simple, the sea cucumber dry-making method of dried that equipment requirement is moderate, micro-wave vacuum and solar heat pump drying mode are joined together, stage drying, give full play to the advantage of various drying modes, the early stage of drying utilizes micro-wave vacuum to slough rapidly portion of water, avoid product dry easily putrid and deteriorated for a long time, the later stage of drying is used solar heat pump dry technology to have energy-efficient, be easy to control the advantages such as final safe dryin-up point, in dry run, utilize tempering effect simultaneously, make moisture redistribution in sea cucumber, reach balance, to improve uniform drying.Compare with traditional sea cucumber dry-making method of dried, employing light salt brine dipping, make the final salinity of sea cucumber in 12% left and right, the method can significantly improve drying efficiency, energy-conserving and environment-protective, the sea cucumber product lover who makes, rehydration is fast, and safe and sanitary better retains the original nutritional labeling of sea cucumber, and this technology is easy to real-time control, can realize the cleaner production of continuous and automatic.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention combines micro-wave vacuum and solar heat pump are dry, gives full play to the advantage of dry technology separately.At the early stage of drying, adopt micro-wave vacuum to slough rapidly portion of water, avoid long-time being dried easily to cause product putrid and deteriorated, at the later stage of drying, use solar heat pump instead dry, energy-efficient, be easy to control final safe dryin-up point, avoid micro-wave vacuum to cause protein denaturation.
(2) the early stage of drying of the present invention adopts micro-wave vacuum, and moisture to outside, can reduce sea cucumber surface hardening phenomenon by internal delivery, keeps the permeability of material, is conducive to that the material later stage is dried and the rehydration of product.
(3) combined drying mode provided by the invention is gentle, and wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus shrinks evenly, product lover, and avoid high temperature to cause the loss of sea cucumber nutrient composition, after rehydration, viscoplasticity is good, has improved sea cucumber quality.
(4) the present invention, after micro-wave vacuum, utilizes tempering effect, make in sea cucumber moisture redistribution, reach balance, then it is dry to carry out the later stage, and uniform drying is improved, and is conducive to improve sea cucumber drying quality.
(5) when solar heat pump drying system is sunny day, solar heating system can independent operating, when overcast and rainy, heat pump heating system is made auxiliary thermal source and solar heating system cooperation, both can make full use of solar energy, can lower to greatest extent operating cost again, there is obvious green, environmental protection, energy-conservation feature.
(6) microwave itself can play the effect of sterilizing, is conducive to improve product health, Shelf-life.
(7) the present invention is easy to real-time control, compares with traditional sea cucumber drying technology, can effectively shorten drying time, enhances productivity, and produces environment friendly and pollution-freely, is convenient to realize continuously, the cleaner production of automation.
(8) sea cucumber of combined drying can avoid the local coking phenomenon of using merely micro-wave vacuum to occur on sense organ, and shrinkage ratio micro-wave vacuum is little by 1.5 ~ 2.3%, and reconstitution rate improves 1.2 ~ 2 times, and sensory evaluation is higher than micro-wave vacuum; In rate of drying, the more simple solar heat pump of combined drying speed is dry improves 50%, and rehydration quality is also more excellent.
the specific embodiment
Be below several specific embodiment of the present invention, further illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited only to this enforcement.
embodiment 1
(1) raw material is selected: choose fresh weight 150g, and build grossness, meat is abundant, and surface is glossy, fresh free of contamination sea cucumber;
(2) remove internal organ: fresh and alive sea cucumbers is cutd open forward to body length 1/4 ~ 1/3 from anus from the outside of belly, reject rapidly internal organ, clear water is cleaned, and drains;
(3) boil ginseng: sea cucumber is put into the 3% light salt brine boiling of boiling, sea cucumber body is fixed, digestion process will stir, pull out after boiling 20min;
(4) cold water cleans: with cold water, clean sea cucumber surface, drain;
(5) measure initial aqueous rate: sea cucumber initial aqueous rate is measured in sampling;
(6) micro-wave vacuum: the sea cucumber draining is evenly put in the material disc of microwave vacuum drying chamber, carry out micro-wave vacuum under microwave power 3kW and vacuum-80kPa;
(7) tempering: by taking out through micro-wave vacuum to the sea cucumber of water content 40%, be placed in tempering 3h under temperature (20 ℃) and humidity (50%) environment;
(8) solar heat pump is dry: the sea cucumber after tempering is carried out to solar heat pump and be dried, 55 ℃ of baking temperatures, to moisture content≤15%.
(9) finished product: dried sea cucumber carries out vacuum packaging, storage, check and obtains finished product.
embodiment 2
(1) raw material is selected: choose fresh weight 120g, and build grossness, meat is abundant, and surface is glossy, fresh free of contamination sea cucumber;
(2) remove internal organ: fresh and alive sea cucumbers is cutd open forward to body length 1/4 ~ 1/3 from anus from the outside of belly, reject rapidly internal organ, clear water is cleaned, and drains;
(3) boil ginseng: sea cucumber is put into the 3% light salt brine boiling of boiling, sea cucumber body is fixed, digestion process will stir, pull out after boiling 25min;
(4) cold water cleans: with cold water, clean sea cucumber surface, drain;
(5) measure initial aqueous rate: sea cucumber initial aqueous rate is measured in sampling;
(6) micro-wave vacuum: the sea cucumber draining is evenly put in the material disc of microwave vacuum drying chamber, carry out micro-wave vacuum under microwave power 3kW and vacuum-70kPa, adopt intermittently drying mode;
(7) tempering: by taking out through micro-wave vacuum to the sea cucumber of water content 45%, be placed in tempering 4h under temperature (30 ℃) and humidity (60%) environment;
(8) solar heat pump is dry: the sea cucumber after tempering is carried out to solar heat pump and be dried, 50 ℃ of baking temperatures, to moisture content≤15%.
(9) finished product: dried sea cucumber carries out vacuum packaging, storage, check and obtains finished product.
embodiment 3
(1) raw material is selected: choose fresh weight 120g, and build grossness, meat is abundant, and surface is glossy, fresh free of contamination sea cucumber;
(2) remove internal organ: fresh and alive sea cucumbers is cutd open forward to body length 1/4 ~ 1/3 from anus from the outside of belly, reject rapidly internal organ, clear water is cleaned, and drains;
(3) boil ginseng: sea cucumber is put into the 3.5% light salt brine boiling of boiling, sea cucumber body is fixed, digestion process will stir, pull out after boiling 25min;
(4) cold water cleans: with cold water, clean sea cucumber surface, drain;
(5) measure initial aqueous rate: sea cucumber initial aqueous rate is measured in sampling;
(6) micro-wave vacuum: the sea cucumber draining is evenly put in the material disc of microwave vacuum drying chamber, carry out micro-wave vacuum under microwave power 4kW and vacuum-85kPa;
(7) tempering: by taking out through micro-wave vacuum to the sea cucumber of water content 50%, be placed in tempering 3h under temperature (30 ℃) and humidity (55%) environment;
(8) solar heat pump is dry: the sea cucumber after tempering is carried out to solar heat pump dry, adopt gradient freeze-day with constant temperature, leading portion baking temperature is made as 60 ℃, is down to use 50 ℃ instead after certain moisture content and be dried to moisture content≤15%.
(9) finished product: dried sea cucumber carries out vacuum packaging, storage, check and obtains finished product.
Claims (1)
1. a sea cucumber dry-making method of dried, is characterized in that: the concrete steps of described method are as follows:
(1) raw material is selected: more than choosing fresh weight 120 g, and build grossness, meat is abundant, and surface is glossy, fresh free of contamination sea cucumber;
(2) remove internal organ: fresh and alive sea cucumbers is cutd open forward to body length 1/4 ~ 1/3 from anus from the outside of belly, reject rapidly internal organ, clear water is cleaned, and drains;
(3) salt boils: sea cucumber is put into the light salt brine boiling that the mass concentration of boiling is 3% ~ 5%, sea cucumber body is fixed, digestion process will stir, and pulls out after boiling 15 ~ 30min;
(4) clean: with cold water, clean sea cucumber surface, drain;
(5) micro-wave vacuum: the sea cucumber draining is evenly put in the material disc of microwave vacuum drying chamber, carry out micro-wave vacuum, described micro-wave vacuum is at microwave power 1kW～4kW, vacuum-55 kPa ~-85kPa, temperature range is to be dried under the condition of 30 ℃ ~ 50 ℃, and drying mode is continuous microwave vacuum drying or batch microwave vacuum drying;
(7) tempering: will take out tempering to the sea cucumber of moisture content 40%～50% through micro-wave vacuum, tempering condition is: place 2h～5h under 20～30 ℃ of temperature and 50～60% damp conditions;
(8) solar heat pump is dry: the sea cucumber after tempering is carried out to solar heat pump and be dried, adopt freeze-day with constant temperature or gradient freeze-day with constant temperature, rotary speed 0 ~ 10r/min is set, baking temperature is controlled at 40 ℃ ~ 60 ℃, to moisture content≤15%;
(9) packing: dried sea cucumber carries out vacuum packaging and obtains product.
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| CN103271139B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2014-11-19 | 梁光庆 | Momordica grosvenori drying process and momordica grosvenori drying equipment |
| CN103300417B (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2014-07-02 | 福建岳海水产食品有限公司 | Preparation method of unsalted dried sea cucumbers |
| CN103416778B (en) * | 2013-08-03 | 2014-08-20 | 北京同仁堂健康药业（福州）有限公司 | Processing technology for dried sea cucumber |
| CN103349338A (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2013-10-16 | 烟台海和食品有限公司 | Light dried sea cucumber processing technology |
| CN103504356A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2014-01-15 | 霞浦县一鸣海洋食品有限公司 | Sea cucumber processing method |
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| CN112335853A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-02-09 | 大连鑫玉龙海洋生物种业科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of instant dried fresh crisp sea cucumber |
| CN114705000B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-06-02 | 海南大学 | Method and device for drying sea cucumber by combining solar energy, microwave and vacuum freezing |
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