CN102919891A - Sea cucumber drying method - Google Patents
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- CN102919891A CN102919891A CN2012104730292A CN201210473029A CN102919891A CN 102919891 A CN102919891 A CN 102919891A CN 2012104730292 A CN2012104730292 A CN 2012104730292A CN 201210473029 A CN201210473029 A CN 201210473029A CN 102919891 A CN102919891 A CN 102919891A
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- 241000251511 Holothuroidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000000436 anus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000014102 seafood Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 7
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000965254 Apostichopus japonicus Species 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002785 anti-thrombosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010100 anticoagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000697 sensory organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
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- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种海参干制方法，涉及海产品干燥加工技术领域。该方法经过原料挑选、去内脏、盐煮、清洗、微波真空干燥、缓苏、太阳能热泵干燥、包装，得到成品。本发明将微波真空干燥与太阳能热泵干燥方式联合起来，分段干燥，充分发挥各自干燥方式的优点，对提高海参干燥效率和质量，节约成本具有重要意义。本发明工艺简单，节能环保，可明显提高干燥效率，且该发明提供的干燥方式温和，制得的海参品相好，复水快，卫生安全，较好保留海参原有的营养成分，该技术易于实时控制，能够实现连续自动化的清洁生产。The invention provides a sea cucumber drying method and relates to the technical field of seafood drying processing. In the method, the finished product is obtained through raw material selection, viscera removal, salt boiling, cleaning, microwave vacuum drying, simmering, solar heat pump drying and packaging. The present invention combines microwave vacuum drying and solar heat pump drying methods to perform segmental drying and fully utilizes the advantages of each drying method, which is of great significance for improving sea cucumber drying efficiency and quality and saving costs. The technology of the invention is simple, energy-saving and environment-friendly, and can significantly improve the drying efficiency, and the drying method provided by the invention is mild, and the prepared sea cucumber has good appearance, fast rehydration, hygiene and safety, and better retains the original nutritional components of the sea cucumber. Real-time control can realize continuous and automatic clean production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the dry processing technique field of marine product, relate in particular to a kind of method of utilizing the drying sea cucumber of microwave vacuum combined solar heat pump.
Background technology
Sea cucumber (
Stichopus Japonicus) belong to the Echinodermata Holothuroidea, high nutritive value is arranged, be in the world rare high protein, low fat, low sugar, without the natural health care of cholesterol, be called as " marine ginseng ".Modern pharmacological research shows, sea cucumber has the effects such as anticoagulation, antithrombotic, reduction blood sugar, antitumor, immunological regulation, Promote cell's growth, and the parent who day by day is subject to the consumer looks at.Can self-dissolving but sea cucumber leaves that seawater is very fast, therefore bright sea cucumber usually is processed to dried sea-cucumber and carries out long term storage, and the whole world has 90% bright sea cucumber to be processed to various dried products at present.
Traditional dry-making method of dried of sea cucumber is natural drying, and whole drying process is poach repeatedly, hangs salt and mixes ash, required time is long, and efficient is extremely low, and sanitary condition is wayward, have a strong impact on output and the quality of sea cucumber goods, can not satisfy the quality requirement of high-grade sea cucumber.Have in recent years the researcher to adopt the Freeze Drying Technique processing sea cucumber, although can preserve to greatest extent the nutritional labeling of sea cucumber, equipment investment is high, operating cost is expensive.Therefore, seek a kind of sea cucumber dry-making method of dried that can guarantee sea cucumber drying efficiency and quality and save drying cost, to improve the sea cucumber drying technology, adapt to the sea cucumber goods market that enlarges gradually and seem very important.
Microwave vacuum drying technology is that microwave drying and two dry technologies of vacuum drying are combined, and utilizes the microwave rapid and uniform heating, and make the moisture rapid evaporation under vacuum condition.This technology can realize material rapid draing at a lower temperature, and the nutritional labeling of preserving preferably material simultaneously at present has been widely used in the drying of fruit and vegetable food, and has applied to more and more the processing of aquatic products.Have the scholar that micro-wave vacuum is applied to the processing of sea cucumber, rate of drying is fast, the time is short.But sea cucumber is rich in protein, and the simple micro-wave vacuum later stage, the strong penetrating power of microwave energy easily caused protein denaturation along with moisture reduces, and affected sea cucumber quality and rehydration efficient.
Solar energy drying is to utilize solar radiant energy to carry out drying, and heat pump drying is to utilize heat pump absorbing heat from low-temperature heat source, thereby it is discharged under higher temperature material is carried out drying.The combined solar energy heat pump dry technology both can overcome solar energy drying climate condition restriction, the unsettled shortcoming of dry run, simultaneously can lower the heat pump drying cost, had the advantages such as energy-efficient, low-temperature circulating, continuous and automatic drying.
Therefore, micro-wave vacuum and solar heat pump dry technology can be joined together, the early stage of drying applied microwave vacuum drying technique makes moisture fast reducing in the sea cucumber, and it is putrid and deteriorated to avoid the long-time drying of product easily to cause, and keeps preferably the original nutritional labeling of material and organoleptic quality.The later stage of drying utilizes solar heat pump to carry out drying, and efficient energy-saving is easy to control dry terminal point.At present micro-wave vacuum and combined solar energy heat pump are not carried out drying bibliographical information to sea cucumber.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of sea cucumber dry-making method of dried, to improving sea cucumber drying efficiency and quality, it is significant to save cost.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of sea cucumber dry-making method of dried, the step of described method comprises: raw material selects, goes that internal organ, salt boil, cleaning, micro-wave vacuum, tempering, dry, the packing of solar heat pump; Salt boils: described salt boils and adopts mass concentration is 3% ~ 5% light salt brine.
Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) raw material is selected: choose more than fresh weight 120 g, and the build grossness, meat is abundant, and the surface is glossy, fresh free of contamination sea cucumber;
(2) remove internal organ: fresh and alive sea cucumbers is cutd open forward to body length 1/4 ~ 1/3 from anus from the outside of belly, reject rapidly internal organ, clear water is cleaned, and drains;
(3) salt boils: sea cucumber is put into the light salt brine boiling of boiling, the sea cucumber body is fixed, digestion process will stir, and pulls out after boiling 15 ~ 30min;
(4) clean: clean the sea cucumber surface with cold water, drain;
(5) micro-wave vacuum: the sea cucumber that drains is evenly put in the material disc of microwave vacuum drying chamber, carry out micro-wave vacuum;
(7) tempering: will take out tempering through micro-wave vacuum to the sea cucumber of moisture content 40%～50%;
(8) solar heat pump is dry: the sea cucumber after the tempering is carried out the solar heat pump drying, to moisture content≤15%;
(9) packing: dried sea cucumber carries out vacuum packaging and obtains product.
Described micro-wave vacuum is at microwave power 1kW～4kW, vacuum-55 kPa ~-carry out drying under the condition of 85kPa, the micro-wave vacuum temperature range is 30 ℃ ~ 50 ℃, drying mode is continuous microwave vacuum drying or batch microwave vacuum drying.
Described tempering condition is: place 2h～5h under 20～30 ℃ of temperature and 50～60% damp conditions.
Described solar heat pump is dry, and baking temperature is controlled at 40 ℃ ~ 60 ℃, adopts freeze-day with constant temperature or gradient freeze-day with constant temperature, and rotary speed 0 ~ 10r/min is set.
Described salt boils and adopts mass concentration is 3% ~ 5% light salt brine.
It is relatively simple to the invention provides a kind of technique, the sea cucumber dry-making method of dried that equipment requirement is moderate, micro-wave vacuum and solar heat pump drying mode are joined together, stage drying, give full play to the advantage of various drying modes, the early stage of drying utilizes micro-wave vacuum to slough rapidly portion of water, avoid product long-time dry easily corrupt rotten, the later stage of drying uses the solar heat pump dry technology to have energy-efficient, be easy to control the advantages such as final safe dryin-up point, simultaneously in dry run, utilize the tempering effect, make moisture redistribution in the sea cucumber, reach balance, to improve uniform drying.Compare with traditional sea cucumber dry-making method of dried, employing light salt brine dipping, make the final salinity of sea cucumber about 12%, the method can significantly improve drying efficiency, energy-conserving and environment-protective, the sea cucumber product lover who makes, rehydration is fast, and safe and sanitary better keeps the original nutritional labeling of sea cucumber, and this technology is easy to real-time control, can realize the cleaner production of continuous and automatic.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention combines micro-wave vacuum and solar heat pump drying, gives full play to the separately advantage of dry technology.Adopt micro-wave vacuum to slough rapidly portion of water at the early stage of drying, avoid long-time drying easily to cause product putrid and deteriorated, use the solar heat pump drying instead at the later stage of drying, energy-efficient, be easy to control final safe dryin-up point, avoid micro-wave vacuum to cause protein denaturation.
(2) the early stage of drying of the present invention adopts micro-wave vacuum, and moisture to outside, can reduce sea cucumber surface hardening phenomenon by internal delivery, keeps the permeability of material, is conducive to the rehydration of material later stage drying and product.
(3) combined drying mode provided by the invention is gentle, and wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus shrinks evenly, the product lover, and avoid high temperature to cause the loss of sea cucumber nutrient composition, viscoplasticity is good after the rehydration, has improved the sea cucumber quality.
(4) the present invention utilizes the tempering effect behind micro-wave vacuum, makes moisture redistribution in the sea cucumber, reaches balance, carries out the later stage drying again, and uniform drying is improved, and is conducive to improve the sea cucumber drying quality.
(5) but solar heating system independent operating when solar heat pump drying system is sunny day, heat pump heating system is made auxiliary thermal source and solar heating system cooperation when overcast and rainy, both can take full advantage of solar energy, can lower to greatest extent operating cost again, have obvious green, environmental protection, energy-conservation characteristics.
(6) microwave itself can play the effect of sterilizing, is conducive to improve the product health, Shelf-life.
(7) the present invention is easy to real-time control, compares with traditional sea cucumber drying technology, can effectively shorten drying time, enhances productivity, and produces environment friendly and pollution-freely, is convenient to realize continuously, the cleaner production of automation.
(8) sea cucumber of combined drying can avoid using merely the local coking phenomenon of micro-wave vacuum appearance on sense organ, and the shrinkage ratio micro-wave vacuum is little by 1.5 ~ 2.3%, and reconstitution rate improves 1.2 ~ 2 times, and sensory evaluation is higher than micro-wave vacuum; On rate of drying, the more simple solar heat pump of combined drying speed is dry to improve 50%, and the rehydration quality is also more excellent.
The specific embodiment
Below be several specific embodiment of the present invention, further specify the present invention, but the present invention is not limited only to this enforcement.
Embodiment 1
(1) raw material is selected: choose fresh weight 150g, and the build grossness, meat is abundant, and the surface is glossy, fresh free of contamination sea cucumber;
(2) remove internal organ: fresh and alive sea cucumbers is cutd open forward to body length 1/4 ~ 1/3 from anus from the outside of belly, reject rapidly internal organ, clear water is cleaned, and drains;
(3) boil ginseng: sea cucumber is put into the 3% light salt brine boiling of boiling, the sea cucumber body is fixed, digestion process will stir, and pulls out after boiling 20min;
(4) cold water cleans: clean the sea cucumber surface with cold water, drain;
(5) measure the initial aqueous rate: sea cucumber initial aqueous rate is measured in sampling;
(6) micro-wave vacuum: the sea cucumber that drains is evenly put in the material disc of microwave vacuum drying chamber, under microwave power 3kW and vacuum-80kPa, carry out micro-wave vacuum;
(7) tempering: will take out through micro-wave vacuum to the sea cucumber of water content 40%, and place tempering 3h under temperature (20 ℃) and humidity (50%) environment;
(8) solar heat pump is dry: the sea cucumber after the tempering is carried out the solar heat pump drying, and 55 ℃ of baking temperatures are to moisture content≤15%.
(9) finished product: dried sea cucumber carries out vacuum packaging, storage, check and obtains finished product.
Embodiment 2
(1) raw material is selected: choose fresh weight 120g, and the build grossness, meat is abundant, and the surface is glossy, fresh free of contamination sea cucumber;
(2) remove internal organ: fresh and alive sea cucumbers is cutd open forward to body length 1/4 ~ 1/3 from anus from the outside of belly, reject rapidly internal organ, clear water is cleaned, and drains;
(3) boil ginseng: sea cucumber is put into the 3% light salt brine boiling of boiling, the sea cucumber body is fixed, digestion process will stir, and pulls out after boiling 25min;
(4) cold water cleans: clean the sea cucumber surface with cold water, drain;
(5) measure the initial aqueous rate: sea cucumber initial aqueous rate is measured in sampling;
(6) micro-wave vacuum: the sea cucumber that drains is evenly put in the material disc of microwave vacuum drying chamber, under microwave power 3kW and vacuum-70kPa, carry out micro-wave vacuum, adopt the intermittently drying mode;
(7) tempering: will take out through micro-wave vacuum to the sea cucumber of water content 45%, and place tempering 4h under temperature (30 ℃) and humidity (60%) environment;
(8) solar heat pump is dry: the sea cucumber after the tempering is carried out the solar heat pump drying, and 50 ℃ of baking temperatures are to moisture content≤15%.
(9) finished product: dried sea cucumber carries out vacuum packaging, storage, check and obtains finished product.
Embodiment 3
(1) raw material is selected: choose fresh weight 120g, and the build grossness, meat is abundant, and the surface is glossy, fresh free of contamination sea cucumber;
(2) remove internal organ: fresh and alive sea cucumbers is cutd open forward to body length 1/4 ~ 1/3 from anus from the outside of belly, reject rapidly internal organ, clear water is cleaned, and drains;
(3) boil ginseng: sea cucumber is put into the 3.5% light salt brine boiling of boiling, the sea cucumber body is fixed, digestion process will stir, and pulls out after boiling 25min;
(4) cold water cleans: clean the sea cucumber surface with cold water, drain;
(5) measure the initial aqueous rate: sea cucumber initial aqueous rate is measured in sampling;
(6) micro-wave vacuum: the sea cucumber that drains is evenly put in the material disc of microwave vacuum drying chamber, under microwave power 4kW and vacuum-85kPa, carry out micro-wave vacuum;
(7) tempering: will take out through micro-wave vacuum to the sea cucumber of water content 50%, and place tempering 3h under temperature (30 ℃) and humidity (55%) environment;
(8) solar heat pump is dry: the sea cucumber after the tempering is carried out the solar heat pump drying, adopt the gradient freeze-day with constant temperature, the leading portion baking temperature is made as 60 ℃, is down to use 50 ℃ instead behind certain moisture content and be dried to moisture content≤15%.
(9) finished product: dried sea cucumber carries out vacuum packaging, storage, check and obtains finished product.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210473029.2A CN102919891B (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | Sea cucumber drying method |
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| CN201210473029.2A CN102919891B (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | Sea cucumber drying method |
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| CN102919891A true CN102919891A (en) | 2013-02-13 |
| CN102919891B CN102919891B (en) | 2014-04-02 |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103271139A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-09-04 | 梁光庆 | Momordica grosvenori drying process and momordica grosvenori drying equipment |
| CN103300417A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-09-18 | 福建岳海水产食品有限公司 | Preparation method of unsalted dried sea cucumbers |
| CN103349338A (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2013-10-16 | 烟台海和食品有限公司 | Light dried sea cucumber processing technology |
| CN103416778A (en) * | 2013-08-03 | 2013-12-04 | 北京同仁堂健康药业（福州）有限公司 | Processing technology for dried sea cucumber |
| CN103504356A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2014-01-15 | 霞浦县一鸣海洋食品有限公司 | Sea cucumber processing method |
| CN105105220A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-02 | 厦门海洋职业技术学院 | Drying method for improving quality of dried oysters |
| CN106072073A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-11-09 | 柯湘 | A kind of dried Concha Ostreae utilizing solar drying technique to prepare |
| CN106579081A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-04-26 | 福建农林大学 | Energy-saving drying method capable of improving qualities of dried abalones |
| CN106962454A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-07-21 | 钦州市钦州港永健水产贸易有限公司 | A kind of dry processing method for keeping fresh of inkfish |
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| CN113317457A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-08-31 | 大连工业大学 | Method for preparing dried sea cucumber by combined drying |
| CN114705000A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-07-05 | 海南大学 | A solar-microwave-vacuum freezing method and device for combined drying of sea cucumbers |
| CN115736204A (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2023-03-07 | 广东海洋大学 | Processing and rehydration method for quick-foaming sea cucumbers |
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