CN106249034B - A kind of on piece voltage drop alarm for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system - Google Patents
A kind of on piece voltage drop alarm for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106249034B CN106249034B CN201610669723.XA CN201610669723A CN106249034B CN 106249034 B CN106249034 B CN 106249034B CN 201610669723 A CN201610669723 A CN 201610669723A CN 106249034 B CN106249034 B CN 106249034B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
- G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
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Abstract
A kind of on piece voltage drop alarm for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system of the present invention is made of on piece voltage drop alarm module, dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module, Logic control module, voltage adjustment decision-making module and exclusive or module；Logic control module adjusts decision-making module with voltage and on piece voltage drop alarm module is connected, and voltage adjusts decision-making module and is connected with Logic control module, dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module and exclusive or module；Dynamic voltage frequency adjusts module and is connected with voltage adjustment decision-making module, and exclusive or module adjusts decision-making module with voltage and on piece voltage drop alarm module is connected.Voltage drop in period when the present invention monitors one work of IC chip in real time drops threshold value according to given voltage and provides alarm signal, starts dynamic voltage frequency and adjust system；It can be connected to different type dynamic voltage frequency regulating system；Alarm work precision is improved by calibration；By different dimension figure unit components, voltage drop alarm threshold value is adjusted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention proposes a kind of on piece voltage drop alarm for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system, especially
It is a kind of to can be used for detecting the on piece sensor structure of supply voltage noise reducing, and propose and use it for cooperated integration circuit dynamic
Electric voltage frequency adjusts the implementation and test method of system.Belong to microelectronic device technical field.
Background technology
Integrated circuit (integrated circuit) is a kind of microelectronic device or component.It is by complicated half
Conductor manufacturing process, will be mutual for realizing the elements such as transistor, resistance, capacitance and inductance needed for specific function circuit and wiring
It is connected, is produced on semiconductor wafer or dielectric substrate.Compared to traditional circuit implementing method, integrated circuit has microminiature
The characteristics of change, low-power consumption, intelligence and high reliability.Its notable feature is small, light-weight, long lifespan, and reliability is high,
Have many advantages, such as that performance is good simultaneously.It is at low cost that the development of twentieth century semiconductor technology so that the production of integrated circuit has, and fits
The advantages of for manufacturing on a large scale.
Integrated circuit can be divided into standard universal integrated circuit and application-specific integrated circuit by its application field.Integrated circuit conduct
The core of hyundai electronics information system plays increasingly important role in military, industry and civil field.Big absolutely
In the electronic information of part, integrated circuit plays decisive work as the control module of equipment entirety to the performance of electronic equipment
With.The reliability service of integrated circuit runs well to system most important.
With the development of integrated circuit fabrication process, the size of integrated circuit device is constantly reducing, the integrated level of circuit
Constantly improve.The grid length of advanced complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) element has reached 20 nanometers, with this
Meanwhile the maximum operating frequency of system has reached Gigahertz (GHz).In this case, the gate leve device of extensive quantity
There is rotary movement simultaneously with clock signal, of short duration conducting electric current is generated in transistor.Due to being posted in circuit power network
The presence (predominantly dead resistance and inductance) of raw parameter, it is very important that a large amount of conducting electric current will cause power supply to generate
Voltage drop, i.e. current/resistance pressure drop (IR-Drop) are main power supply noise sources.
It has been delivered in the patent application No. is 200910052451.9 " method of designing power supply network quickly ".It is literary herein
The schematic diagram of electric power network is disclosed in the Fig. 1 offered.
Recent studies have indicated that the peak value of supply voltage noise reducing can reach the 10%~20% of reference voltage.Power supply electricity
The reduction of pressure will cause device time delay to increase with equal extent, lead to the speed of circuit with the reduction of supply voltage value while drop
It is low, the working frequency of the digital module of voltage-sensitive also can be reduced accordingly in circuit.Excessive voltage drop will also lead to chip
Power consumption increase, the failure of generation timing sequence mistake, digital independent and improper the problems such as restarting.
For this purpose, dynamic voltage frequency adjustment (DVFS-Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling) system is wide
General applies in important integrated circuit.Its working principle is that by adjusting supply voltage, bias voltage, changing integrated circuit
The modes such as working frequency keep the stabilization of power supply.According to the difference of its operation principle, dynamic voltage frequency adjusts system can
It is divided into two classes：One kind is for reducing power supply noise, and another kind is for reducing integrated circuit to the sensibility of power supply noise.For with
For upper two kinds of operation principles, quickly accurate on piece voltage drop alarm is its working foundation, for controlling its operation.
For integrated circuit voltage noise measurement method there are mainly two types of：Piece external pelivimetry and on piece measure.Piece external pelivimetry
Method is by using the realizations such as oscillograph and the autonomous test equipment of on piece.Because it needs external measurement devices, has and be difficult to realize
It measures in real time, test depth and test position are limited, test probe and transmission line parasitic parameter have an impact test result, nothing
Method realizes the shortcomings of high precision measurement.The method that on piece measures then utilizes on piece sensor to realize.The advantages of on piece measures is：
Parasitic parameter is small, high resolution, reduces testing cost, the real-time measurement to integrated circuit each region may be implemented.To sum up institute
It states, designed for the on piece sensor structure of detection power supply voltage drop, and uses it for dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system,
Quickly and effectively voltage adjusting may be implemented, ensure the reliability service of integrated circuit.
By carrying out retrieval discovery to existing technical literature, W.Song et al. is in 2012 in entitled " Sensing
Voltage Transients Using Built-in Voltage Sensor are (electric using voltage sensor test circuit is embedded
Pressure transient waveform) " paper in describe it is a kind of using analog-to-digital (AD) converter realize transient state power supply wave shape measure method.
Its working method is：Electric power network is connected to AD conversion module, voltage signal is converted to digital signal through over-sampling.However,
In order to obtain the voltage noise waveform in the single clock cycle, it is desirable that the working frequency of ADC module is the several times of system clock, is needed
Additional high-frequency clock is wanted, design cost is increased.For being operated in for the integrated circuit of Gigahertz (GHz), it is difficult to real
It is existing, it will also result in larger power consumption in addition.Z.Abuhamdeh et al. is in 2007 in IEEE Design＆Test of
Computers (Computer Design and test magazine) has delivered entitled " A Production IR-drop Screen on A
The article of Chip (on piece voltage drop detection) " proposes to utilize ring oscillator (RO-Ring Oscillator) frequency of oscillation
The method for changing to detect power supply noise.Ring oscillator has easily transplanting, design simple because it is made of basic digital module
The characteristics of, but it is only used for the average power supply noise in detection a period of time, can not provide high-precision real-time measurement.For
More than solving the problems, such as, R.Franch et al. is in 2007 in IEEE International Test Conference (states
Border test conference) on delivered entitled " On-chip Timing Uncertainty Measurements on IBM
A kind of delay- is described in the article of Microprocessors (the on piece time-series rules structure for being used for IBM microprocessors) "
To-digital converter (delay-digital quantizer).The converter is made of digital time delay circuit and trigger.It is surveying
The speed of service in examination stage, time delay device is influenced by supply voltage drop, the final output signal for influencing trigger.Test rank
After the completion of section, the output signal of trigger is analyzed for voltage drop.However, this method can not obtain voltage drop in a clock
Transient state information in period.Furthermore, it is necessary to which the additional clock cycle is analyzed and is formulated for dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system
Adjustable strategies；Materially increase regulating time.
Although above-mentioned document proposes the test structure and method for measuring supply voltage drop for realizing on piece, it cannot
Realize that the accurate measurement that transient waveform is dropped to supply voltage, measuring speed are slow；Its test result cannot be satisfied to dynamic electric voltage-frequency
Rate adjusts the control requirement of system.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of on piece voltage drop alarms for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency to adjust system
Device, output signal can be used for cooperateing with the function of dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system realization stable power-supplying voltage.The on piece is surveyed
Amount system can monitor voltage drop of the IC chip in an operating clock cycle in real time, drop threshold value according to given voltage
Alarm signal is provided, starts dynamic voltage frequency and adjusts system.The measuring system can be connected to different types of dynamic electric voltage-frequency
Rate adjusts system (DVFS), and the cooperation that system is adjusted with dynamic voltage frequency is completed by the high-acruracy survey to power supply noise.
The operating accuracy that alarm can be improved by calibration process may be implemented by selecting various sizes of digital units device
Adjustment to voltage drop alarm threshold value keeps the on piece sensor more targeted.
A kind of on piece voltage drop alarm for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system of the present invention, by piece voltage drop
Alarm module, dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module (DVFS), Logic control module, voltage adjustment decision-making module and exclusive or module
Five parts form；As shown in Figure 2.
Logic control module, user carry out Logic control module by way of scanning input or parallel interface input
Configuration；It is received simultaneously from external input clock signal.Logic control module and voltage adjustment decision-making module are connected, according to making
The configuration information setting voltage of user adjusts the working method of decision-making module.Logic control module also on piece voltage drop alarm
Module is connected, and provides the work clock and work enable signal of on piece voltage drop alarm module needs.
Voltage adjusts decision-making module and is connected with Logic control module, dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module and exclusive or module.It patrols
The working method of voltage adjustment decision-making module can be controlled by collecting control module；Voltage adjusts decision-making module according to the defeated of exclusive or module
Go out the control signal that signal generates dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module, startup/stopping dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module simultaneously controls
Adjustment mode.
Dynamic voltage frequency adjusts module and is connected with voltage adjustment decision-making module, under the control that voltage adjusts decision-making module
Start/is stopped.By compensation supply voltage or change circuit running frequency in the way of reduce supply voltage drop, keep circuit steady
Fixed operation.
Exclusive or module adjusts decision-making module with voltage and on piece voltage drop alarm module is connected.According on piece voltage drop
The testing result of alarm module generates voltage drop alarm signal when voltage drop is more than alarm threshold value, and alarm signal is defeated
Enter to voltage and adjusts decision-making module.
On piece voltage drop alarm module is made of N number of on piece voltage drop alarm, is distributed difference in integrated circuits
Position.Under the control of Logic control module complete calibration and supply voltage drop detection work, by testing result export to
Exclusive or module.
Wherein, the structure of single on piece voltage drop alarm is as shown in figure 3, be the structure with " pectination " unit, each
" comb unit " by a trigger, one and the one of door, a NOT gate, strong buffer path, weak buffer path and bottom
A delay buffer composition.Each comb unit forms the sampling window to supply voltage drop detection.In each sampling window,
Rising edge signal is propagated (wherein, strong buffer path ' strong along the buffer path of two different sizes and load
Sub-branch ' is made of large scale buffer and small load, and ' weak sub-branch ' are then by small size for weak buffer path
Buffer and heavy load composition), the output of weak buffer path negate the rear signal phase with strong buffer path and, it is defeated with door
Go out and be connected with the clock pins of trigger, is used for output voltage drop testing result signal.The output signal of neighbouring sample window is defeated
Enter to exclusive or module, can detect that lasting voltage drop, the output of exclusive or module are connected to voltage adjustment decision-making module, are used for
Startup/stopping DVFS.
The calibration method of on piece voltage drop alarm module：Before each on piece voltage drop alarm work, make it
The case where working in non-transformer voltage drop makes strong, weak buffer in same sampling window by adjusting weak buffer path time delay
Path time delay having the same.
The course of work of on piece voltage drop alarm：In each system clock cycle, the rising edge of clock is passed along alarm
The latency path of sensor bottom is propagated；Different samplings is reached as interval using the delay time of the single buffer of latency path
Window, and the different buffer paths of same sampling window are reached simultaneously；Rising edge is respectively along strong buffer path and weak buffering
Device path is propagated, and in the case of non-transformer voltage noise, by calibration, path delay of time approximately equal is not produced
Raw trigger clock signal, no alarm signal output；When there are supply voltage drop, the time delay of two-way buffer path increases, by
In weak buffer path by bigger is influenced, time delay, which increases, is more than strong buffer path, and path ends have played signal with door and arrive
The effect judged up to speed.Only when the delay inequality of two paths is sufficiently large, with door output pulse signal, driving trigger is defeated
Go out high level signal, indicate in current sampling window, supply voltage drop is more than given threshold；Whole sampling windows can be complete
At within the single clock cycle to the high precision monitor of supply voltage.
The output signal of neighbouring sample window can detect the failing edge and upper of supply voltage drop after exclusive or module
Edge is risen, meanwhile, voltage adjustment decision-making module starts/stops the work of dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module.
A kind of working method of on piece voltage drop alarm for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system of the present invention, it
Include the following steps：
Step 1:It finds supply voltage and drops large area.During integrated design circuit chip, pass through IC
Compiler softwares carry out region division to IC chip, and mark the potential region with larger supply voltage drop；
Step 2:The system integration.Suitable on piece voltage drop alarm sampling window length W is chosen, is worked in conjunction with system
Clock cycle T determines sampling window number M, M=T/W on piece voltage drop alarm.Vacant area on an integrated circuit die
Logic control module is inserted into more place and voltage adjusts decision-making module, and what is marked in step 1 is potential with larger power supply
On piece voltage drop alarm module is inserted into the region of voltage drop；On piece voltage drop report is determined according to the limitation of area and adjustment requirement
The quantity N of on piece voltage drop alarm in alert device module；
Step 3:Parameter configuration.According to integrated circuit at work to the requirement of supply voltage, on piece voltage drop report is determined
The alarm threshold value of alert device, and choose the size and load of buffer in strong, weak buffer path；The size of buffer and negative
Acquisition can be emulated by HSPICE to different operating voltage by carrying influence of the size to alarm threshold value.By configuring logic control mould
The parameter information of block completes configuration and calibration on piece voltage drop alarm module；It includes but not limited to DVFS to configure parameter
Adjusted Option and calibration method.Calibration process:Make each on piece voltage drop alarm the case where being dropped without larger supply voltage
Under, the digital signature of all sampling window outputs is low level ' 0 '.To each sampling window, continue to increase weak buffer
Buffer number in path stops calibration once logic 1 occurs in the sampling window, reduce in a weak buffer path
Buffer, the detection structure as the sampling window；
Step 4:Generate supply voltage drop.By adding circuit structure, function or built-in self-test (BIST) test vector
Method, IC interior generate supply voltage drop, while make supply voltage drop alarm sensor system starts；
Step 5:On piece voltage drop detects.Once detecting that failing edge variation occurs for supply voltage, and its drop-out value is more than
The alarm threshold value of setting, corresponding sampling window exports high level in the on piece voltage drop alarm influenced by the voltage drop,
High level signal, which exports, gives exclusive or module.Exclusive or module generates voltage drop failing edge alarm signal, and by failing edge alarm signal
It exports and adjusts decision-making module to voltage.
Step 6：On-chip power supply voltage is adjusted.It is dynamic according to the startup of the output result of exclusive or module that voltage adjusts decision-making module
State electric voltage frequency adjusts module (DVFS)；DVFS is adjusted supply voltage in such a way that frequency adjusts or power supply compensates.
After supply voltage reverts to normal level, on piece voltage drop alarm detects the rising edge of supply voltage, and it rises to
More than alarm threshold value voltage；At this point, exclusive or module generates voltage drop rising edge signal, voltage adjusts decision-making module and stops DVFS's
Work；
To sum up, quick, high-precision adjustment of the collaboration dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system to supply voltage is realized, is ensured
The reliability service of integrated circuit.
A kind of the advantages of on piece voltage drop alarm being used to cooperate with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system that the present invention designs
It is：
1. the supply voltage drop of ic core on piece is monitored in real time using on piece voltage drop alarm module, it can
Output alarm signal within a clock cycle, collaboration DVFS systems are adjusted.
2. the equivalent sampling frequency of single on piece voltage drop alarm is high, the width of single sampling window is equal to single buffering
The time delay of device, for 40nm or less techniques, the length of sampling window can reach 125-200 picoseconds, and it is conspicuous that highest can be equivalent to 8G
Hereby sample rate.
3. the accuracy of detection of on piece voltage drop alarm is high, by adjusting the configuration of strong, weak buffer path in sampling window,
Minimum voltage drop alarm threshold value can be made to reach 45mV, the voltage drop alarm threshold value ranging from 45mV-120mV that may be implemented.
4. on piece voltage drop alarm system is designed using totally digital circuit, it is readily integrated into existing IC chip
On, and it is small to occupy additional areas.
5. on piece voltage drop alarm system does not interfere with the function and structure of ic core on piece other systems, simultaneously
The detection to power supply noise can be achieved under integrated circuit function and test pattern.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a be in traditional integrated circuit chip electric power network in the schematic diagram of each region.
Fig. 1 b are that there are mains voltage waveform schematic diagrames when voltage drop for electric power network on IC chip.
Fig. 2 is on piece for cooperate with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system of the present invention for system on a ship chip
The structure diagram of voltage drop alarm system.
Fig. 3 is that the structure of on piece voltage drop alarm of the present invention illustrates schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the active configuration flow chart of on piece voltage drop alarm system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 a are the simulation results of the supply voltage drop alarm threshold value under different strong buffer path configurations；
Fig. 5 b-5g are on piece voltage drop alarm equipment alarm precision and sampling window length relation illustrates schematic diagram；It is adopted
The width of sample window is respectively 0.7ns, 0.6ns, 0.5ns, 0.4ns, 0.3ns and 0.2ns.
Fig. 5 h are to consider that manufacturing process is uncertain, the alarm section error rate distribution of on piece voltage drop alarm is covered
Special Carlow simulation result diagram.
Fig. 6 is under the detection of on piece voltage drop alarm, and what voltage adjustment decision-making module generated is used to start dynamic electric
Press the enabling signal of frequency regulation block.
Fig. 7 is the working method of on piece voltage drop alarm system of the present invention.
Symbol description is as follows in figure：
In Fig. 1:A：Modules on chip A；B:Modules on chip B；C：Modules on chip C；
M:The number of on piece voltage drop alarm comb unit；
W:Single buffer delay, i.e. sampling window width on piece voltage drop alarm delay path.
Specific implementation mode
Seeing Fig. 1 --- Fig. 6, below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of on piece voltage drop for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system shown in Figure 2, that the present invention designs
Alarm is adjusted by piece voltage drop alarm module, dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module (DVFS), Logic control module, voltage
Decision-making module and five part of exclusive or module composition, can be embedded in existing ic core on piece.
HSPICE 2014 and IC Compiler softwares are used for the software emulation of IC chip.HSPICE
Be Meta-Softwar companies be IC design in steady-state analysis, the mould of the circuit performances such as transient analysis and frequency-domain analysis
Quasi- analysis and the commercialization universal circuit simulation program developed, it Berkeley SPICE (releasing for 1972),
On the basis of the PSPICE (1984 release) of MicroSim companies and other circuit analysis softwares, and it is new to add some
Function can now be completed in direct current by constantly improving to accurate to circuit work in the microwave frequency range higher than 100GHz
Emulation, analysis and optimization.In practical applications, HSPICE can provide critical breadboardin and design scheme.IC
Compiler is Synopsys next generations placement-and-routing system, by by physical synthesis expand to entire place and route process with
And the design closure of sign-off driving, to ensure remarkable quality and shorten design time.Previous generation solutions due to layout, when
Zhong Shu and wiring independent operating, there is its limitation.This office of extension physical synthesis (XPS) technological break-through of IC Compiler
Limit, entire place and route process is extended to by physical synthesis.IC Compiler use the unified shader based on TCL, realize
Innovate and be utilized several core technologies the most outstanding of Synopsys.Placement-and-routing's design department as complete set
System, it includes all functions necessary to realizing next-generation design, such as physical synthesis, layout, wiring, sequential, signal integrity
Property (SI) optimization, low-power consumption, design for Measurability (DFT) and yield optimization.
Shown in Figure 3, on piece voltage drop alarm module has N (to be determined by integrated circuit usable area and alarm accuracy
A on piece voltage drop alarm unit structure composition calmly).It can detect in real time each in the electric power network of ic core on piece
Whether the supply voltage drop in region is more than alarm threshold value, and in one cycle, is more than in the section of alarm threshold value in voltage drop
Output alarm signal；At the time of exclusive or module detects that voltage drop occurs and stops according to alarm signal, high level signal is exported
Decision-making module is adjusted for controlling voltage；Voltage adjustment decision-making module is sequentially output startup/stopping control signal of DVFS.Dynamically
Supply voltage is adjusted in time for electric voltage frequency adjustment module (DVFS) and compensation deals, to reduce supply voltage drop to collection
At the influence of circuit chip performance.The on piece voltage drop alarm module that the present invention designs adjusts module with dynamic voltage frequency
(DVFS) cooperative operation system has the advantages that high certainty of measurement, easy of integration, production test is at low cost, it is smaller to be influenced on chip,
Chip monitoring can be thus used alone as or test uses, the interference to chip drops in reduction supply voltage.
(1) noise waveform in the electric power network of IC chip：
The IC chip reference voltage tested is 1.05V, when having a large amount of gate circuit unit in circuit while sending out
Raw overturning, or when by outside electromagnetic interference, electric power network will produce noise, which makes supply voltage
Cyclic fluctuation, waveform are as shown in Figure 1 b.
(2) region division in IC chip：
There is the overturning of N number of region (region) gate circuit frequent shown in Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b, in IC chip, such as the areas A
Domain, B area, the regions C ..., n-quadrant.
In the present invention, shown in Figure 2, since an ic core on piece has N number of region (region) gate circuit
Overturning is frequent, then matching on piece voltage drop alarm module is also provided with N number of on piece voltage drop alarm.It is directed to
The on piece voltage drop alarm of a-quadrant setting is denoted as first on piece voltage drop alarm；For the on piece voltage of B area setting
Drop alarm is denoted as second on piece voltage drop alarm；It is denoted as n-th piece for the on piece voltage drop alarm of n-quadrant setting
Upper voltage drop alarm.The structure of each on piece voltage drop alarm is identical.N number of on piece voltage drop in N number of region
Alarm shares a Logic control module and voltage adjusts decision-making module.
The electric power network (power supply network) of ic core on piece is each block supply.The present invention is set
N number of on piece voltage drop alarm module of meter is connected on the electric power network for each block supply.It is each by monitoring in real time
The power supply noise (power supply noise) in region whether more than set alarm threshold value come judge supply voltage drop it is whether right
The region impacts.The voltage signal of the power supply noise of a-quadrant is denoted asThe voltage signal of the power supply noise of B area
It is denoted asThe voltage signal of the power supply noise of n-quadrant is denoted asFor convenience of explanation, describedIt is also referred to as arbitrary
The voltage signal of power supply noise.
(3) on piece voltage drop alarm module
The on piece voltage drop alarm module that the present invention designs is made of N number of on piece voltage drop alarm, is distributed in integrated
Different location in circuit.As shown in figure 3, on piece voltage drop alarm, is made of structure one by one identical " comb unit ",
For measuring the failing edge of power supply noise and the time of occurrence of rising edge, for startup/stopping dynamic voltage frequency adjustment
Module.Each " comb unit " by a trigger, one and door, a NOT gate, strong buffer path, weak buffer path and
One delay buffer of bottom forms, wherein the buffer with identical delay constitutes latency path, strong, weak buffer road
Diameter and trigger constitute the down-sampled window of supply voltage；Wherein, strong buffer path by larger-size buffer and capacitance compared with
Small load capacitance composition, and weak buffer path is made of the larger load capacitance of the smaller buffer of size and capacitance.Phase
The measurement output of adjacent comb unit is transferred to the progress of exclusive or module, and xor operation, the output result of exclusive or module are input to electricity two-by-two
Pressure adjustment decision-making module, voltage adjustment decision-making module generate the control letter that module is adjusted for starting/stopping dynamic voltage frequency
Number, as shown in Figure 3.
During supply voltage is dropped and detected, the rising edge of clock signal of system is along on piece voltage drop alarm arrangement bottom
The latency path at end is transmitted.Often after certain time (propagation delay time of single buffer in latency path), clock letter
Number rising edge reach next " comb unit " initial position.Each the delay buffer between " comb unit " will be surveyed individually
The amount period is divided into multiple sampling windows, and the width W of each sampling window is equal to the time delay of delay buffer.
In each " comb unit ", rising edge clock signal reaches the starting point of strong, weak buffer path simultaneously.Only when
When the signal that two buffer paths are propagated reaches and the time interval of door input terminal is more than the settling time with door, and meet strong
When the transmission signal of buffer path reaches in advance, with door output pulse signal, the pulse signal is defeated as the clock of trigger
Enter signal, as shown in comb unit 0.At this point, this, which dredges the trigger in shape unit, exports high level signal, exclusive or module generates
Voltage drop alarm signal.
By force, weak buffer path is calibrated to the path delay of time having the same, rising edge signal in non-transformer voltage drop
With its failing edge phase of the inverted with do not generate pulse signal, trigger output is low level.(surpass when there is larger power supply noise
Cross alarm threshold value voltage) when occurring, weak buffer path is increased by bigger, increased delay is influenced than strong buffer path
Delay it is big, and the delay inequality of two paths of signals is more than settling time with door, at this point, exporting burst signal, triggering with door
Device works, while exporting high level signal, i.e. logic 1.Therefore, the output signal of trigger can be used as strong, weak buffer path
The judgment criteria of time delay speed.
In the present invention, the trigger output signal composition set of number signature in M " comb unit ", such as
0...01.1.10..00.Wherein i-th bit is to occur the position of logic ' 1 ' for the first time, and jth position is finally the position of logic ' 1 ' occur
It sets, and signature is 1 from i-th bit to jth bit digital.In the binary digit string of acquisition, logic 1 means this sampling window
Interior power voltage drop is more than alarm threshold value, and logical zero means that this sampling window interior power voltage drop is not above threshold value.In addition,
Since the delay of delay buffer can reach 125 picoseconds of level, the resolution ratio of on piece voltage drop alarm is very high
's.
(3) Logic control module
Before measurement starts, some basic configuration parameters are inputted by scan chain serial scan or parallel interface inputs
Mode be written in the register of Logic control module.These configuration parameters include measure the time started, time of measuring window length,
Sampling window width, dynamic voltage frequency Adjusted Option and voltage drop alarm threshold value.After measurement starts, these configuration parameters
By the operating mode of voltage drop alarm module in control sheet and for controlling DVFS.
On the other hand, Logic control module is also utilized to complete to strong/weak buffer path on piece voltage drop alarm
Calibration.By adjusting the length of weak buffer path, i.e., the number of buffer in weak buffer path makes touching for connection
Hair device is not overturn compared under low-noise situation, while being overturn under larger noise situations.
(4) voltage adjusts decision-making module
Voltage adjusts decision-making module for it is determined whether to enable shaping modes, and the voltage tune of the corresponding alarm threshold value of selection
Perfect square case.In measurement process, once supply voltage drop is more than alarm threshold value, exclusive or module exports high level, i.e. logic 1, opens
The dynamic dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module (DVFS) being attached thereto, and supply voltage is compensated according to alarm threshold value.
(5) exclusive or module
As shown in Figure 2,3, exclusive or module is connected between on piece voltage drop alarm module and voltage adjustment decision-making module.
By exclusive or module, exclusive or, output result are used for two-by-two for the output of adjacent " comb unit " in single on piece voltage drop alarm
Startup/stopping dynamic voltage frequency adjusting module.Exclusive or module can detect to be existed in " comb unit " output digital signature
' 0-1 ' and ' 1-0 ' sequence, have the effect of Differential Detection.' 0-1 ' sequence represents on piece voltage drop alarm and detects electricity
Pressure drop is more than the failing edge of alarm threshold value.At this point, exclusive or module output high level instructed voltage drop is more than alarm threshold value, voltage tune
Whole decision-making module starts dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module (DVFS).Output signal ' 1-0 ' sequence then indicates that supply voltage drop is extensive
The multiple level to less than alarm threshold value.At this point, exclusive or module instruction supply voltage restores normal level, voltage adjusts decision-making module
Generate the work that low level signal is used to stop DVFS.
A kind of working method of on piece voltage drop alarm for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system of the present invention, step
Rapid following (attached drawing 4)：
Measuring process one finds power supply noise large area.During integrated design circuit chip, pass through IC
Compiler softwares carry out region division to IC chip, and mark each potentially area with larger power supply noise
Domain.
Measuring process two, the system integration.Logic control mould is inserted into the more place of vacant area on an integrated circuit die
Block, voltage adjustment decision-making module and exclusive or module；It is inserted into a piece in each potential region with larger supply voltage drop
Upper voltage drop alarm.And the corresponding electric power network in the region is connected, while system clock being connected to by wiring and is patrolled
Collect the input terminal of control module.
Measuring process three, parameter configuration.The operation threshold of on piece voltage drop alarm module is set, when setting measures beginning
Between, time of measuring window length, sampling window width, dynamic voltage frequency Adjusted Option and voltage drop alarm threshold value.By logic
Control module completes the calibration on piece voltage drop alarm module：By adjusting strong, weak buffer under each " comb unit "
Buffer number in path and capacitor's capacity, make detector without larger supply voltage noise, the number of output
Signature is logical zero.Weak buffer path continues to increase a buffer number and stops school once logic 1 occurs in the position
It is accurate.
Measuring process four generates power supply noise.By adding structure, function or built-in self-test (BIST) test vector,
Power supply noise is generated in IC interior, while on piece voltage drop alarm system being made to start to work.
Measuring process five, on piece live electrical power voltage drop detection.On piece voltage drop alarm starts according to the measurement of setting
Time, time of measuring window length, sampling window width and the work of voltage drop alarm threshold value.It is generated in time of measuring window length
Data register or static random access memory can be written by Logic control module in voltage drop testing result, voltage drop testing result
(SRAM) in.
Measuring process six, on-chip power supply voltage are adjusted.Using on piece voltage drop alarm detection output as a result, start/
Stop DVFS.DVFS selects different Adjusted Options under the configuration that voltage adjusts decision-making module.
Embodiment 1
The on piece voltage drop alarm system designed using the present invention tests voltage drop section：
It is tested using 2014 softwares of HSPICE, is emulated using 28nm technology libraries.Each on piece voltage drop alarm
Device is made of 16 comb units.In each comb unit, strong buffer path has tri- kinds of specification bufferings of NBUFFX32/16/8
Device path, for realizing different voltages are dropped with the configuration of alarm threshold value.Standard mains voltage is 1.05V.In view of manufacturing process
Probabilistic influence carries out Monte Carlo Analysis, 5%t is added in simulationsox, 10%L and 25%VthManufacture it is not true
It is qualitative.Wherein, toxFor gate oxide thickness, L is grid length, VthFor the threshold voltage of metal-oxide-semiconductor.
The on piece voltage drop alarm system that the present invention designs is inserted into some standard testing circuits (ITC benchmark)
With 64 floating-points and graphic element in SPARC core processors of increasing income (OpenSPARCT2 SPARCT core).
First, by adding different function testing vector, by IC Compiler find in each circuit power supply noise compared with
System is inserted into these regions by big region.Due to integrated circuit substantial amounts on chip, integrated level is high, so crowded
Degree is higher, and it is smaller to can be inserted into area.Therefore, the on piece voltage drop alarm arrangement of this system can be inserted into supply voltage drop
Larger region.It is larger that Logic control module, voltage adjustment decision-making module and exclusive or module are placed into other usable areas
Region.By the emulation testing of application IC Compiler softwares, can obtain before and after being inserted on piece voltage drop alarm system
Number of devices and integrated circuit the gross area, further calculate in slice voltage drop alarm system and occupy and former design total face
Long-pending percentage, simulation result are as shown in Table 1.
| Standard testing circuit | S15850 | S13207 | B14 | B19 | FGU Set |
| Primary circuit area (μm2) | 6839.27 | 7451.5 | 8988.0 | 287563.3 | 551620.8 |
| It is inserted into alarm number | 5 | 5 | 10 | 18 | 36 |
| Account for gross area ratio | 10.02% | 9.19% | 15.2% | 2.14% | 2.23% |
Table one
As can be seen from the above table, for small scale integration, although being inserted into the number of on piece voltage drop alarm
Additional face that is less, but since Logic control module area occupied is larger, causing on piece voltage drop alarm system integrally to occupy
Product is larger.But for large scale integrated circuit, different on piece voltage drop alarms by shared logic control module,
Even if being inserted into greater number of on piece voltage drop alarm, which has only taken up smaller area.
It can make on piece voltage drop with driving capability by configuring the buffer size of strong buffer path in comb unit
Alarm work emulates to have obtained three kinds of buffer NBUFFX32/16/8 by HSPICE in different voltage drop alarm threshold values
(respectively represent it is big/in/small dimension buffer size) different operation threshold, as shown in table two.
| Buffer size selects | Greatly | In | It is small |
| Alarm threshold value (mV) | 45 | 80 | 120 |
Table two
By configuring different strong buffer paths, the on piece voltage drop alarm work of design can be made in 45-120mV
Alarm threshold value in range, for coordinating dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system that supply voltage is adjusted.
Next, choosing the suitable sampling interval.It has been described above, the sampling interval, i.e. sample window length, by voltage drop
Buffer delay between " comb unit " each in alarm sensor determines.The quantity of buffer is by test period and buffer
Interval codetermines.Fig. 5 b-g illustrate the relationship between different sampling intervals and sampling precision.Big sampling window requires number
Less comb unit is measured, therefore occupies less area；However sampling precision reduces, it can lost part voltage noise rising edge
With the information of failing edge, the error in alarm section is made to increase, influences the time for starting DVFS.The suitable sampling interval on the one hand can
To ensure that system has higher accuracy of detection, the gross area of system occupancy on the other hand can be reduced.
In this experiment, insertion peak value is 200mV, and width is the supply voltage noise reducing of 1ns-3.5ns.It chooses respectively
Six sampling intervals of 0.7ns, 0.5ns, 0.4ns, 0.3ns, 0.2ns, 0.125ns are sampled, by observing on piece voltage drop
The test of alarm exports, and first overturning digit i and the last one overturning digit j is found, to judge the power supply of detection
Voltage drop section size, for 0.2V peak values, it is as shown in Table 3 that 1-3.5ns width power supply noises detect measurement result.
Table three
It can be seen that, the supply voltage noise reducing of 2.5ns is more than for width, by using 0.2ns width from upper table
Sampling interval can make the error between zone of alarm be less than 6.25%.
In view of the probabilistic influence of manufacture, Monte Carlo simulation has been carried out on piece voltage drop alarm, test
It is 1.1ns, peak value 0.1V that width drops in supply voltage.Simulation result is as shown in figure 5h.The sample size of emulation is 100.As a result
Show that the Monte Carlo sample for 97%, the alarm section error of on piece voltage drop alarm are less than 6.8%.
Fig. 6 is illustrated when alarm threshold value of the supply voltage drop more than on piece voltage drop alarm (45mV situations), on piece
Voltage drop alarm can quickly generate alarm signal, and adjusting decision-making module by voltage quickly generates the enabled letter of voltage adjustment
Number, start DVFS；Meanwhile after supply voltage reverts to normal level, stop voltage adjustment, voltage adjusts enable signal and restores
For low level.
So far, a kind of for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system of invention design has been described in detail
Structure, operation principle, the method with DVFS system synergistic workings of on piece voltage drop alarm.The on piece voltage drop alarm system
System has the following advantages：
1) when supply voltage drop is more than given threshold, (can be about 0.125 nanometer -0.2 to receive in a sampling window
Second) in generate DVFS adjust enable signal；
2) it is not necessarily to additional high speed sampling clock；
3) it is all made of basic digital units device, has the characteristics that area is small, low-power consumption；
4) voltage drop alarm threshold value can be by configuring the selection in circuit difference path.
In addition, demonstrating the validity of the on piece voltage drop alarm by way of software emulation；It is discussed to electricity
The influence of road surface product；Threshold voltage selection is carried out by being configured to strong buffer path buffer specification, minimum may be implemented
The alarm threshold value of 45mV；And influence of the sampling window width to section error of alarming, sampling precision can reach 0.125ns, phase
When in 8GHz sample rates；Finally, it proves that the sensor can overcome by Monte Carlo analysis to bring because manufacture is uncertain
Error influences, and the alarm section error of 97% sample is less than 6.8%.The structure has higher reliability.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of on piece voltage drop alarm for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system, it is characterised in that：The alarm
By on piece voltage drop alarm module, dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module, Logic control module, voltage adjustment decision-making module and different
Or five part of module composition；
Logic control module, user match Logic control module by way of scanning input or parallel interface input
It sets；It is received simultaneously from external input clock signal；Logic control module and voltage adjustment decision-making module are connected, according to using
The configuration information setting voltage of person adjusts the working method of decision-making module；Logic control module also on piece voltage drop alarm mould
Block is connected, and provides the work clock and work enable signal of on piece voltage drop alarm module needs；
Voltage adjusts decision-making module and is connected with Logic control module, dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module and exclusive or module；Logic control
Molding block controls the working method of voltage adjustment decision-making module；Voltage adjusts decision-making module and is given birth to according to the output signal of exclusive or module
The control signal of module is adjusted at dynamic voltage frequency, startup/stopping dynamic voltage frequency adjustment module simultaneously controls adjustment mode；
Dynamic voltage frequency adjusts module and is connected with voltage adjustment decision-making module, is opened under the control that voltage adjusts decision-making module
It move/is stopped；By compensation supply voltage or change circuit running frequency in the way of reduce supply voltage drop, make circuit stability
Operation；
Exclusive or module adjusts decision-making module with voltage and on piece voltage drop alarm module is connected；It is alarmed according on piece voltage drop
The testing result of device module generates voltage drop alarm signal when voltage drop is more than alarm threshold value, and alarm signal is input to
Voltage adjusts decision-making module；
On piece voltage drop alarm module is made of N number of on piece voltage drop alarm, is distributed different location in integrated circuits；
Calibration and supply voltage drop detection work are completed under the control of Logic control module, and testing result is exported and gives exclusive or mould
Block.
2. a kind of on piece voltage drop alarm for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：The on piece voltage drop alarm is the structure with " comb unit ", and each " comb unit " is by one
Trigger, one with door, a NOT gate, strong buffer path, weak buffer path and a delay buffer of bottom form；
Each comb unit forms the sampling window to supply voltage drop detection；In each sampling window, rising edge signal is along two
Item difference size and the buffer path of load are propagated, and the output of weak buffer path negates rear with strong buffer path
Signal phase be connected with the output of door with the clock pins of trigger, for output voltage drop testing result signal；Neighbouring sample
The output signal of window is input to exclusive or module, detects that lasting voltage drop, the output of exclusive or module are connected to voltage adjustment
Decision-making module adjusts module for starting/stopping dynamic voltage frequency.
3. a kind of on piece voltage drop alarm for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that：The strong buffer path is made of large scale buffer and small load, and weak buffer path is by small size
Buffer and heavy load composition.
4. a kind of on piece voltage drop alarm for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Its calibration method of the on piece voltage drop alarm module is：In each on piece voltage drop alarm work
Before, the case where making it work in non-transformer voltage drop, by adjusting weak buffer path time delay make in same sampling window it is strong,
Weak buffer path time delay having the same.
5. a kind of work of on piece voltage drop alarm for cooperateing with dynamic voltage frequency adjustment system as described in claim 1
Make method, it includes the following steps：
Step 1:It finds supply voltage and drops large area；It is soft by IC Compiler during integrated design circuit chip
Part carries out region division to IC chip, and marks the potential region with larger supply voltage drop；
Step 2:The system integration；Suitable on piece voltage drop alarm sampling window length W is chosen, in conjunction with system work clock
Cycle T determines sampling window number M, M=T/W on piece voltage drop alarm；Vacant area is more on an integrated circuit die
Place be inserted into Logic control module and voltage and adjust decision-making module, what is marked in step 1 potential has larger supply voltage
On piece voltage drop alarm module is inserted into the region of drop；On piece voltage drop alarm is determined according to the limitation of area and adjustment requirement
The quantity N of on piece voltage drop alarm in module；
Step 3:Parameter configuration；According to integrated circuit at work to the requirement of supply voltage, on piece voltage drop alarm is determined
Alarm threshold value, and choose the size and load of buffer in strong, weak buffer path；The size of buffer and load are big
The small influence to alarm threshold value emulates different operating voltage by HSPICE and obtains；By the parameter for configuring Logic control module
Information completes configuration and calibration on piece voltage drop alarm module；It includes but not limited to dynamic voltage frequency to configure parameter
Adjust module Adjusted Option and calibration method；Calibration process:Make each on piece voltage drop alarm without larger supply voltage
In the case of drop, the digital signature of all sampling window outputs is low level ' 0 '；To each sampling window, continue to increase
Buffer number in weak buffer path stops calibration once logic 1 occurs in the sampling window, reduce by a weak buffering
Buffer in device path, the detection structure as the sampling window；
Step 4:Generate supply voltage drop；Method by adding circuit structure, function or built-in self-test test vector,
IC interior generates supply voltage drop, while supply voltage being made to drop alarm sensor system starts；
Step 5:On piece voltage drop detects；Once detecting that failing edge variation occurs for supply voltage, and its drop-out value is more than setting
Alarm threshold value, corresponding sampling window exports high level, high electricity in the on piece voltage drop alarm influenced by the voltage drop
Exclusive or module is given in ordinary mail number output；Exclusive or module generates voltage drop failing edge alarm signal, and failing edge alarm signal is exported
Decision-making module is adjusted to voltage；
Step 6：On-chip power supply voltage is adjusted；Voltage adjusts decision-making module and starts dynamic electric according to the output result of exclusive or module
Press frequency regulation block；Dynamic voltage frequency adjusts module and is carried out to supply voltage in such a way that frequency adjusts or power supply compensates
It adjusts；After supply voltage reverts to normal level, on piece voltage drop alarm detects the rising edge of supply voltage, and thereon
It is raised above alarm threshold value voltage；At this point, exclusive or module generates voltage drop rising edge signal, voltage, which adjusts decision-making module, to be stopped moving
State electric voltage frequency adjusts the work of module.
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