CN106243024A - 从枯萎病菌毒素中分离镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的方法 - Google Patents

从枯萎病菌毒素中分离镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的方法 Download PDF

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CN106243024A
CN106243024A CN201610610245.5A CN201610610245A CN106243024A CN 106243024 A CN106243024 A CN 106243024A CN 201610610245 A CN201610610245 A CN 201610610245A CN 106243024 A CN106243024 A CN 106243024A
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fusaric acid
toxin
dehydrogenation
wilt
sesame
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苗红梅
张海洋
李海玲
段迎辉
常淑娴
魏利斌
琚铭
赵瑞红
徐芳芳
李春
曲文文
张文颖
马琴
芦海灵
王慧丽
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Henan Sesame Research Center Henan Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

本发明属于芝麻病害防治技术领域,具体涉及一种从枯萎病菌毒素中高效分离镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的方法。该方法包括样品溶解、采用XBridge Prep C18色谱柱梯度洗脱分离、成分收集、提纯等步骤,其中在17.520min~17.978min处收集含脱氢镰刀菌酸溶液;在18.321min~18.860min处收集含镰刀菌酸溶液。本发明通过液相色谱方法,对芝麻枯萎病菌毒素中的镰刀酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸分别进行了成功分离。总体而言,本发明技术简便,重复性好,分离效率较高。为深入研究芝麻枯萎病的致病机理奠定了基础,同时也为相关抗性植株的筛选提供了借鉴和参考,因而具有较好的应用研究价值。

Description

从枯萎病菌毒素中分离镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的方法
技术领域
本发明属于芝麻病害防治技术领域,具体涉及一种从枯萎病菌毒素中高效分离镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的方法。
背景技术
芝麻(Sesamum indicum L.,2n=26)属胡麻科胡麻属,是世界上最古老的优质油料作物,也是我国重要的特色油料作物。
芝麻枯萎病(Sesame Fusarium wilt)由尖孢镰刀菌芝麻专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami,FOS)侵染引起,主要芝麻真菌病害类型,在中国、埃及、韩国、印度等世界芝麻产区发生较为普遍。
为探明芝麻枯萎病菌致病机理,国内外先后开展了枯萎病菌分离、鉴定及病原菌致病力鉴定方法等研究。2014年河南省农业科学院首次建立了芝麻枯萎病菌致病力室内鉴定技术体系,为芝麻FOS致病以及芝麻抗枯萎病机理研究提供了技术支撑(仇存璞等,芝麻枯萎病病原菌致病力室内鉴定方法,2014,植物病理学报,44(01):26-35)。
以往研究结果显示,尖孢镰刀菌在侵入植株组织后多能产生毒素,并对植株造成毒害作用。2006年台莲梅等利用尖孢镰刀菌毒素滤液评价了不同大豆品种对根腐病的抗病性,并将该方法用于大豆抗病植株的初筛工作。近期初步研究及内部资料表明,芝麻枯萎病菌FOS同其他尖孢镰刀菌相似,侵染芝麻后,菌丝体逐渐堵塞维管束,切段水分及营养物质供应,从而导致植株发病。同时,FOS病原菌能够产生果胶酶、纤维素酶等水解酶,对芝麻植株起到侵染作用。但至今为止,尚未明确芝麻枯萎病菌是否能够产生毒素,亦未见有关FOS毒素对芝麻毒害症状的公开报道。因此,当前急需一种分离芝麻枯萎病菌毒素中相关成分的技术方法,以便为阐明芝麻枯萎病菌致病机理、明确芝麻枯萎病防控靶标提供技术支持。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种从枯萎病菌毒素中高效分离镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的方法,从而为芝麻枯萎病病菌致病机理及枯萎病的防治奠定基础。
本发明的主要技术方案如下所述。
一种从枯萎病菌毒素中分离镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的方法,所述枯萎病菌毒素特指芝麻枯萎病菌毒素,可参考现有炭吸附法(台莲梅等,尖孢镰刀菌毒素的初步研究,2004,黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,16(4):9~12)进行制备,也可采用其他方法制备;具体包括如下步骤:
(1)样品溶解,将芝麻枯萎病菌毒素样品溶于乙腈水溶液中,0.22μm混合滤膜过滤,备用;
(2)色谱分离,采用色谱柱:XBridge Prep C18 (5μm)柱,步骤(1)中溶解的样品在流动相A和流动相B中采用梯度洗脱程序进行洗脱分离;
流动相A为乙腈,流动相B为质量分数0.1%的乙酸水溶液;
梯度洗脱程序:
① 0~12min时,A:B=5:95;12~13min,A:B比例从5:95逐渐变为27:73;
②13~16min时,A:B=27:73;
③16~17min时,A:B比例从27:73逐渐变为10:90;
④ 17~20min时,A:B=10:90;
⑤ 20~21min时,A:B比例从10:90逐渐变为5:95;
⑥ 21~22min时,A:B=5:95;
流速:10mL/min,检测波长:270nm,进样量:500μL;
(3)成分收集,在17.520min~17.978min处收集含脱氢镰刀菌酸溶液;在18.321min~18.860min处收集含镰刀菌酸溶液;
(4)提纯,对步骤(3)中所收集的含脱氢镰刀菌酸溶液和含镰刀菌酸溶液分别进行真空旋转蒸发,以去除部分溶剂,然后分别在真空冻干机中冻干,即可得到白色粉末状的镰刀菌酸和微黄色片状的脱氢镰刀菌酸。
对所制备的镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的液质、红外、核磁共振氢谱等分析表明:白色粉末为5-丁基-吡啶-2-羧酸,分子量为179.22,分子式为C10H13NO2,纯度达到95%以上;微黄色片状物为9,10-脱氢镰刀菌酸,分子量为177.20,分子式为C10H11NO2,纯度达到95%以上。
所制备的镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸,用于芝麻幼苗生长时,表现出较强的抑制芝麻幼苗生长作用。
所述芝麻枯萎病菌毒素,具体也可采用如下步骤制备获得:
(1)菌株预培养,具体为:
将芝麻枯萎病菌(即尖孢镰刀菌芝麻专化型)菌株接种在PDA平板培养基上,28℃、培养7 d左右,检查菌株活性;
然后,沿菌落边缘打出直径为8 mm菌片,接入装有PD培养液的三角瓶内,每瓶接2~3片,28℃、120 rpm条件下,震荡培养4d;
(2)菌株培养,具体为:
以2层无菌的2层擦镜纸作为滤网,对步骤(1)中培养结束后菌液进行过滤,滤除菌丝,滤液中由于含有大量芝麻枯萎病菌孢子,以此作为接菌母液;
将接菌母液接入理查德培养基,28℃、120 rpm条件下,恒温震荡培养40~50d;
(3)提取芝麻枯萎病菌毒素,具体为:
首先,以2层无菌纱布作为滤网,将步骤(2)中培养液进行过滤,以滤除孢子、菌丝及细胞碎片等杂物;将滤液4000rpm离心15min,取上清液;
其次,将上述上清液慢慢滴加于装有0.45μm水系滤膜的溶剂过滤器中,真空抽滤,收集滤液,并用2N(2mol/L)盐酸溶液调节pH=3.0;
最后,向滤液中加入与滤液体积相等的乙酸乙酯作为萃取剂进行萃取;取上层有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,滤除硫酸钠,进行真空旋转蒸发,以去除乙酸乙酯,最终得棕黄色固体产品,即为芝麻枯萎病菌毒素。
本发明通过液相色谱方法,对芝麻枯萎病菌毒素中的镰刀酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸分别进行了成功分离。总体而言,本发明技术简便,重复性好,分离效率较高。为深入研究芝麻枯萎病的致病机理奠定了基础,同时也为相关抗性植株的筛选提供了借鉴和参考,因而具有较好的应用研究价值。
附图说明
图1为芝麻枯萎病毒素主要成分收集结果,在17.520min~17.978min处收集脱氢镰刀菌酸;在18.321min~18.860min处收集镰刀菌酸,其中1为脱氢镰刀菌酸,2为镰刀菌酸;
图2为分离纯化的芝麻枯萎病菌镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸;左侧为白色粉末状的镰刀菌酸,右侧为微黄色片状的脱氢镰刀菌酸;
图3为芝麻枯萎病菌镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸结构式;上图为镰刀菌酸结构式,下图为9,10-脱氢镰刀菌酸结构式;
图4为5μg/mL芝麻枯萎病菌镰刀菌酸、5μg/mL脱氢镰刀菌酸处理下豫芝11号幼苗生长情况,其中1、4图分别为5μg/mL芝麻枯萎病菌镰刀菌酸处理下豫芝11号幼苗和根生长受到抑制,幼苗子叶刚刚展开,根伸长缓慢;2、5图分别为5μg/mL芝麻枯萎病菌镰刀菌酸处理下豫芝11号幼苗和根生长受到抑制,幼苗子叶刚刚展开,根伸长缓慢;3、6为清水对照下豫芝11号幼苗和根生长情况,幼苗真叶已展开,根生长正常。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本申请做进一步的解释说明,在介绍具体实施例前,就下述实施例中涉及部分生物材料及实验设备情况简要介绍说明如下。
生物材料:
豫芝11号,由河南省农科院芝麻种质保藏中心提供,可从公开渠道获得;
下述实施例中所采用的尖孢镰刀菌芝麻专化型菌株HSFO07021,由河南省农科院芝麻中心提供,可由公开渠道获得;下述实施例中芝麻枯萎病菌毒素的提取仅以此菌株为例进行实验,不应理解为本发明的技术方案特定依赖于或者说特定限定于该菌株;
培养基:
下述实施例中所涉及培养基均为本领域常用培养基,主要有:
PDA平板培养基:马铃薯200g,葡萄糖20g,琼脂15-18g,蒸馏水1000mL;
PD培养液:与PDA平板培养基相比,不含琼脂;
理查德培养基:KNO3 10g,KH2PO4 5g,MgSO4·7H2O 2.5g,FeCl3 0.02g,蔗糖50g,蒸馏水1000mL。
实施例1
本实施例首先就芝麻枯萎病菌毒素的制备简要介绍如下。芝麻枯萎病菌毒素可参考现有炭吸附法(台莲梅等,尖孢镰刀菌毒素的初步研究,2004,黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,16(4):9~12)进行制备,也可按如下步骤制备获得。
以尖孢镰刀菌芝麻专化型菌株HSFO07021为例,芝麻枯萎病菌毒素的制备方法详述如下。
(1)菌株预培养,具体为:
用无菌牙签将芝麻枯萎病菌(即尖孢镰刀菌芝麻专化型)菌株接种在PDA平板培养基上,28℃、培养7 d。
无菌条件,沿菌落边缘打出直径为8 mm菌片,接入装有200 mL PD培养液的500 mL三角瓶内,每瓶接2~3片, 28℃、120 rpm条件下,震荡培养4d。
(2)菌株培养,具体为:
无菌条件下,以2层无菌的2层擦镜纸作为滤网,对步骤(1)中培养结束后菌液进行过滤,滤除菌丝,滤液中由于含有大量芝麻枯萎病菌孢子,以此作为接菌母液;
无菌条件下,取接菌母液2mL,接入装有200mL理查德培养基的500mL三角瓶内,28℃、120 rpm条件下,恒温震荡培养40~50d。
(3)提取芝麻枯萎病菌毒素,具体为:
首先,无菌条件下,以2层无菌纱布作为滤网,将步骤(2)中培养液进行过滤,以滤除孢子、菌丝及细胞碎片等杂物;将滤液分批装入50mL离心管内,4000rpm离心15min,收集并合并上清液;
其次,将上述上清液慢慢滴加于装有0.45μm水系滤膜的溶剂过滤器中,真空抽滤,收集并合并滤液,用2N(2mol/L)盐酸溶液调节pH=3.0;
最后,向滤液中加入与滤液体积相等的乙酸乙酯作为萃取剂进行萃取;于500mL分液漏斗中萃取3次,每次萃取15~20min;合并上层有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,滤除硫酸钠后,进行真空旋转蒸发,以去除乙酸乙酯,最终得棕黄色固体产品,即为芝麻枯萎病菌毒素。
实施例2
以实施例1所制备芝麻枯萎病菌毒素为例,从其分离镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的操作步骤具体如下所述。
(1)样品溶解,称取实施例1所制备的干燥的芝麻枯萎病菌毒素固体样品1g,溶解于5%的乙腈水溶液中,用0.22μm混合滤膜过滤,注入进样瓶中,冷藏备用。
(2)色谱分离,将步骤(1)中溶解后样品放在Waters Prep 150 LC液相色谱仪(美国)的进样位置,采用色谱柱:XBridge Prep C18 (5μm)19×150mm 柱;
步骤(1)中溶解的样品在流动相A和流动相B中采用梯度洗脱程序进行洗脱分离;
流动相A为乙腈(TEDIA,美国),流动相B为质量分数0.1%的乙酸水溶液(乙酸为高效液相色谱纯度级别,水为纯净水级别);
梯度洗脱程序:
① 0~12min时,A:B=5:95;12~13min,A:B比例从5:95逐渐变为27:73;
②13~16min时,A:B==27:73;
③16~17min时,A:B比例从27:73逐渐变为10:90;
④ 17~20min时,A:B=10:90;
⑤ 20~21min时,A:B比例从10:90逐渐变为5:95;
⑥ 21~22min时,A:B=5:95;
流速:10mL/min,检测波长:270nm,进样量:500μL。
(3)成分收集,如图1所示,在17.520min~17.978min处收集含脱氢镰刀菌酸溶液;在18.321min~18.860min处收集含镰刀菌酸溶液。
(4)提纯,对步骤(3)中所收集的含脱氢镰刀菌酸溶液和含镰刀菌酸溶液分别在30℃条件下进行真空旋转蒸发,以去除部分溶剂,然后分别在真空冻干机中冻干,即可得到白色粉末状的镰刀菌酸和微黄色片状的脱氢镰刀菌酸(如图2所示)。
对所制备的镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的液质、红外、核磁共振氢谱等分析表明:白色粉末为5-丁基-吡啶-2-羧酸,分子量为179.22,分子式为C10H13NO2,纯度达到95%以上;微黄色片状物为9,10-脱氢镰刀菌酸,分子量为177.20,分子式为C10H11NO2,纯度达到95%以上。镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的结构式如图3所示。
实施例3
对实施例2所分离的镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸,对其对芝麻的毒害作用进行分析评价,具体实验过程简述如下。
(1)种子消毒与接种,具体为:
挑选饱满健康的豫芝11号种子500粒,先用清水冲洗种子表面3~5遍;
然后将种子浸泡于75%酒精中30 s,无菌水冲洗3遍;
再然后用3%次氯酸钠浸泡10 min,无菌水冲洗种子3~4遍;
将消毒后的种子放入装有10 mL无菌水的三角瓶中振荡培养过夜;
挑选露白的芝麻种子,接种在MS固体培养基上,每份培养基中接种50粒露白种子;25℃、L//D=14 h//10 h光照/d条件下培养1周;
(2)分别配置含有镰刀菌酸、脱氢镰刀菌酸的MS培养基,具体为:
配置MS培养基(MS基本培养基,1.5%琼脂粉),分别加入实施例2所分离的镰刀菌酸、脱氢镰刀菌酸,使镰刀菌酸、脱氢镰刀菌酸的终浓度均为5μg/mL;
(3)在含镰刀菌酸、脱氢镰刀菌酸的培养基中接种芝麻幼苗,具体为:
无菌条件下,切取步骤(1)所培育的芝麻幼苗根茎基部以上部分(无根苗),分别接种于步骤(2)中所制备的固体MS培养基上,同时设置空白MS培养基作为隐性对照;每个处理设置3个重复,每个重复接种10株无根苗;
(4)性状统计及结果判定,具体为:
在步骤(3)中接种无根苗2周后,统计芝麻幼苗株高、生根数、根长等数据,并拍照记录,最终综合评价镰刀菌酸、脱氢镰刀菌酸对芝麻幼苗的生长是否具有抑制作用,及抑制程度(如图4所示)。
采用本技术方法从芝麻枯萎病菌毒素(粗毒素)分离出的镰刀军算和脱氢镰刀菌酸对芝麻幼苗进行处理。从图中可以看出,镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸均对芝麻幼苗生长表现出较强的抑制生长作用。清水对照组中芝麻幼苗处理1对真叶期,发根数量多在3-7个,长约3-4cm,长势正常。而5μg/mL镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸处理的芝麻幼苗生长缓慢,处于子叶展开时期,根生长显著受到抑制,该结果表明,采用本技术方法分离出的镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸对芝麻幼毒害作用。

Claims (4)

1.一种从枯萎病菌毒素中分离镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的方法,其特征在于,所述枯萎病菌毒素为芝麻枯萎病菌毒素,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)样品溶解,将芝麻枯萎病菌毒素样品溶于乙腈水溶液中,0.22μm混合滤膜过滤,备用;
(2)色谱分离,采用色谱柱:XBridge Prep C18规格5μm柱,步骤(1)中溶解的样品在流动相A和流动相B中采用梯度洗脱程序进行洗脱分离;
流动相A为乙腈,流动相B为质量分数0.1%的乙酸水溶液;
梯度洗脱程序:
① 0~12min时,A:B=5:95;12~13min,A:B比例从5:95逐渐变为27:73;
②13~16min时,A:B=27:73;
③16~17min时,A:B比例从27:73逐渐变为10:90;
④ 17~20min时,A:B=10:90;
⑤ 20~21min时,A:B比例从10:90逐渐变为5:95;
⑥ 21~22min时,A:B=5:95;
流速:10mL/min,检测波长:270nm,进样量:500μL;
(3)成分收集,在17.520min~17.978min处收集含脱氢镰刀菌酸溶液;在18.321min~18.860min处收集含镰刀菌酸溶液;
(4)提纯,对步骤(3)中所收集的含脱氢镰刀菌酸溶液和含镰刀菌酸溶液分别进行真空旋转蒸发,然后真空冻干,即可得到白色粉末状的镰刀菌酸和微黄色片状的脱氢镰刀菌酸。
2.如权利要求1所述从枯萎病菌毒素中分离镰刀菌酸和脱氢镰刀菌酸的方法,其特征在于,
所述芝麻枯萎病菌毒素采用炭吸附法制备,或者按照下述步骤制备获得:
A 菌株预培养,具体为:
将芝麻枯萎病菌菌株接种在PDA平板培养基上,检查菌株活性;
然后,沿菌落边缘打出菌片,接入PD培养液,震荡培养;
B 菌株培养,具体为:
对步骤A中培养结束后菌液进行过滤,滤液作为接菌母液;
将接菌母液接入理查德培养基,恒温震荡培养40~50d;
C 提取芝麻枯萎病菌毒素,具体为:
首先,将步骤B中培养液进行过滤;滤液离心,取上清液;
其次,将上清液滴加于装有0.45μm水系滤膜的溶剂过滤器中,真空抽滤,收集滤液,并用盐酸溶液调节pH=3.0;
最后,向滤液中加入与滤液体积相等的乙酸乙酯作为萃取剂进行萃取;取上层有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,滤除硫酸钠,进行真空旋转蒸发,最终得棕黄色固体产品,即为芝麻枯萎病菌毒素。
3.权利要求1所分离的镰刀菌酸在芝麻生长中的应用,其特征在于,抑制芝麻生长。
4.权利要求1所分离的脱氢镰刀菌酸在芝麻生长中的应用,其特征在于,抑制芝麻生长。
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