CN106237936A - Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser - Google Patents
Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106237936A CN106237936A CN201610689932.0A CN201610689932A CN106237936A CN 106237936 A CN106237936 A CN 106237936A CN 201610689932 A CN201610689932 A CN 201610689932A CN 106237936 A CN106237936 A CN 106237936A
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- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- gas
- middle deflector
- diameter
- liquid
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00893—Feeding means for the reactants
- B01J2208/00911—Sparger-type feeding elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00938—Flow distribution elements
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser, it includes coaxially connected cylinder, commutator and blowgun, described commutator includes coaxial with cylinder, it is arranged on the baffle upper plate on bracing frame from top to bottom, middle deflector, chin spoiler, columned overflow cylinder, baffle upper plate, middle deflector and chin spoiler all use streamlined expansion structure, the center of middle deflector is provided with perforate, the internal diameter of middle deflector center drilling is not more than the diameter of baffle upper plate, diameter not less than chin spoiler, the outer external diameter being diametrically not less than overflow cylinder of middle deflector, the bottom of overflow cylinder is connected with the base plate of cylinder, the equal diameters that the internal diameter of overflow cylinder exports with base plate.The present invention has multi-buffer effect, avoids liquid phase bias current, liquid phase spray area greatly the gas-liquid material entering hydrogenation reactor, has the predistribution performance of excellence, can be widely applied to the occasion that impurity content in raw material is higher.
Description
Technical field
Hydrogenation reactor is one of petroleum refining key equipment with petroleum chemical industry, generally uses downflow system gas-liquid two
Phase medium also flows to material, and feed stream has the advantages that pressure is high, flow velocity is fast.Therefore, industrial generally at hydrogenation reactor
Porch arranges bubbler, to implement abatement impulse force, fluid dispersion and gas-liquid mixed, reaches preallocated effect.Hydrogenation reaction
Can device run steadily in the long term, can catalyst play one's part to the full, whether the quality of product reaches prescription, the most greatly
The performance of inlet diffuser is depended in degree.The performance of inlet diffuser can be from buffering effect, liquid phase bias current degree, liquid phase
The aspects such as the peak value that spray area and liquid phase are radially distributed are evaluated.Excellent inlet diffuser can eliminate feed stream to top
The vertical impact of distribution plate, promotes gas-liquid mixed by disturbance, and gas-liquid homogeneous media is diffused into whole reactor cross section,
Steady operation for distribution plate creates conditions.
At present, the version of inlet diffuser has a variety of, and head-type bubbler multiple can realize fluid by arranging
Dispersed, but exist gas-liquid charging linear speed compared with shortcoming high, that impulsive force is big, pressure drop is big；Disc type, multitube, sideshake cast
Diffuser structure is simple and can meet and subtracts strategically important place and ask, but without angle of flare, and spray area is little and maldistribution；Multilamellar cone bubbler
Fluid dispersion effect is preferable, but structure is complicated, and the useful space of reactor utilizes rate variance.
Patent CN200620130219.4 discloses a kind of gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser, is provided with coaxial cylinder inside and outside
Cylinder, annular bottom plate and one layer of porous stream breaker.The top of inner core is provided with cover plate, and bottom is outlet, cover plate perimeter and inner core sidewall
On uniformly offer charging hole.Reaction medium divide two-way enter inner core, lead up to top blind flange perforate enter, another road from
The perforate of inner core sidewall enters, and in inner core after collisional mixing, is splashed on the stream breaker bottom bubbler.This diffuser structure
Simply, improve the effective rate of utilization of space reactor, and pressure drop is relatively low, but feed stream is to inner barrel component percussion
By force, the spray area of liquid phase is little, and liquid phase bias current degree is the most of a relatively high.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser, to solve existing inlet diffuser to gas-liquid
Buffering effect is the best, liquid phase bias current degree big, liquid phase spray area is little and liquid phase radially distributes the problem that peak value is high.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser, it includes coaxially connected cylinder, commutator and blowgun, the top welding of cylinder
Having the flange being connected with hydrogenation reactor top, the bottom of cylinder is provided with base plate, and the center of base plate offers round exit, the end
The lower section of plate is provided with blowgun, and commutator is positioned in the inner chamber of cylinder, and described commutator includes coaxial with cylinder, from top to bottom
The baffle upper plate being arranged on bracing frame, middle deflector, chin spoiler, columned overflow cylinder, baffle upper plate, middle deflector and
Chin spoiler all uses streamlined expansion structure, the center of middle deflector to be provided with perforate, and the internal diameter of middle deflector center drilling is not
More than the diameter of baffle upper plate, not less than the diameter of chin spoiler, middle deflector outer diametrically not less than the external diameter of overflow cylinder,
The bottom of overflow cylinder is connected with base plate, the internal diameter of overflow cylinder and the equal diameters of outlet.
Preferably, described baffle upper plate, chin spoiler are spherical panel, tapered panel or elliposoidal panel, middle deflector
Spherical panel, tapered panel or elliposoidal panel for butt.
Preferably, described blowgun includes the stream breaker that several coaxial superimposed, bottom diameter ecto-entad is sequentially reduced, often
Multiple broken discharge orifice it is equipped with on individual stream breaker.
Preferably, the bottom of several described stream breakers is at grade.
Preferably, the top external diameter of outermost described stream breaker is less than the internal diameter of overflow cylinder, and bottom external diameter is not more than cylinder
The external diameter of body.
Preferably, described stream breaker uses streamlined expansion structure, for spherical panel, tapered panel or the elliposoidal of butt
Panel.
Preferably, described broken discharge orifice generally circular in shape, polygon, sector, spiral yarn shaped in one or more
Combination, area or the quantity ecto-entad of broken discharge orifice are gradually reduced.
In use, gas-liquid two-phase feeding is entered the present invention by cylinder top, first impact baffle upper plate and middle deflector, gas
Liquid two-phase mixtures, break-in after cutting down part of impact force, preliminary integer, a point two-way passes through commutator: a route baffle upper plate and
Annular space between middle deflector enters, in diffusional flow under the effect of chin spoiler；Another road first falls into overflow cylinder and cylinder
Between annular space in, then enter commutator by the top edge overflow of overflow cylinder；The flow direction of tow channel gas liquid mixture is basic
Vertically, contribute to the broken of liquid phase and dispersion, make liquid phase more uniformly be sprayed onto on blowgun.Gas-liquid mixture is by base plate
The outlet of the heart enters blowgun, and gas-liquid mixture is done buffering further by blowgun, spatters at stream breaker not opening area
Penetrate, edge scatters, flow through broken discharge orifice sprays, and liquid phase, by the broken liquid phase of tear further, is broken into little by gas
On drop, and the hydrogenation reactor cross section being uniformly dispersed to the present invention.
The invention have the benefit that
(1) in the present invention, gas-liquid feed stream is all had by baffle upper plate, middle deflector, chin spoiler, overflow cylinder and stream breaker
Multi-buffer, broken stream effect, under the barrier effect of baffle upper plate and middle deflector, major part enters the liquid phase of the present invention and first falls
Enter in the annular space between overflow cylinder and cylinder, then enter commutator by the top edge overflow of overflow cylinder, be prevented effectively from charging thing
Stream, to bubbler and the impact of distribution plate, not only makes diffuser inside maintain stable liquid level, effectively prevent liquid phase bias current,
And contribute to impurity deposition, improve the operating flexibility of device and hold dirt ability；
(2) under the effect of chin spoiler, annular space between baffle upper plate and middle deflector the gas-liquid medium entered is at commutator
Interior in diffusional flow, its flow direction and the gas-liquid medium entered by annular space between cylinder and overflow cylinder are substantially vertical, and the two touches
Hit mixing, not only facilitate the broken dispersion of liquid phase, and central bus can be eliminated, make liquid phase more uniformly be sprayed onto broken stream
On device；
(3) liquid phase strikes and is further broken up into droplet on blowgun, on the one hand expands sprinkling under the effect of stream breaker
Area, the setting of the most broken discharge orifice in turn ensure that the fluid flow below bubbler, reduces what liquid phase was radially distributed
Peak value, improves the uniformity that gas-liquid medium is distributed in whole reactor cross section；
(4) baffle upper plate of the present invention, middle deflector, chin spoiler and stream breaker all use streamlined expansion structure, make gas-liquid
The smooth channel of charging, kinetic energy rejection are little, and the pressure drop of bubbler is relatively low, and can gas-liquid charging be spread is farther, trickleer；
(5) in the present invention, blowgun is made up of multi-layer annular stream breaker, and at grade, it is highly in the bottom of several layers of stream breaker
Identical with monolayer stream breaker, make bubbler total height reduce, reactor can load more multi-catalyst, improves space reactor
Effective rate of utilization.
The present invention has the predistribution performance of excellence to the gas-liquid mixture entered, and efficiently solves in prior art and exists
Buffering effect is poor, liquid phase bias current degree big, liquid phase spray area is little and liquid phase radially distributes the problem that peak value is high, operate bullet
Property relatively big, can be widely applied to the occasion that impurity content in raw material is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of commutator in Fig. 1, blowgun；
In figure: 1, flange, 2, cylinder, 3, commutator, 4, blowgun, 5, baffle upper plate, 6, middle deflector, 7, chin spoiler, 8,
Overflow cylinder, 9, base plate, 10, outlet, 11, bracing frame, 12, stream breaker, 13, broken discharge orifice.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, it includes coaxially connected cylinder 2, commutator 3 and
Blowgun 4, the top of cylinder 2 is welded with the flange 1 being connected with hydrogenation reactor top, and the bottom of cylinder 2 is provided with base plate 9,
The center of base plate 9 offers round exit 10, and the lower section of base plate 9 is provided with blowgun 4, and commutator 3 is positioned in the inner chamber of cylinder 2,
Commutator 3 includes baffle upper plate 5 coaxial with cylinder 2, that be arranged on bracing frame 11 from top to bottom, middle deflector 6, lower water conservancy diversion
Plate 7, columned overflow cylinder 8, baffle upper plate 5, middle deflector 6 and chin spoiler 7 all use streamlined expansion structure, middle water conservancy diversion
The center of plate 6 is provided with perforate, and the internal diameter of middle deflector 6 center drilling is not more than the diameter of baffle upper plate 5, not less than chin spoiler
The diameter of 7, the outer external diameter being diametrically not less than overflow cylinder 8 of middle deflector 6, the bottom of overflow cylinder 8 is connected with base plate 9, overflows
The internal diameter of flow cartridge 8 and the equal diameters exporting 10.
Baffle upper plate 5, chin spoiler 7 are spherical panel, and middle deflector 6 is the spherical panel of butt.
Blowgun 4 includes the stream breaker 12 that three coaxial superimposed, bottom diameter ecto-entad is sequentially reduced, each stream breaker
Multiple broken discharge orifice 13 it is equipped with on 12.
At grade, the top external diameter of outermost stream breaker 12 is less than overflow cylinder 8 in the bottom of 3 stream breakers 12
Internal diameter, bottom external diameter is equal to the external diameter of cylinder 2.Stream breaker 12 uses streamlined expansion structure, for the tapered panel of butt.
Broken discharge orifice 13 generally circular in shape, the area ecto-entad of broken discharge orifice 13 is gradually reduced.
In the present invention, it is fixed together by bracing frame 11 between each parts of gas and liquid flowing bubbler, bracing frame 11
Shape can be flat board, prism-shaped or cylindric.In the present embodiment, bracing frame 11 is shaped as flat board.
The present invention in use, after gas-liquid two-phase material is entered by cylinder 2 top, first impact baffle upper plate 5 and in
Deflector 6, gas-liquid two-phase mixing, break-in are also cut down part of impact force, are divided two-way to be route by commutator 3: after preliminary integer
Between baffle upper plate 5 and middle deflector 6, annular space enters, and in diffusional flow under the effect of chin spoiler 7, another road is at upper water conservancy diversion
Under the barrier effect of plate 5 and middle deflector 6, liquid phase first falls into annular space between overflow cylinder 8 and cylinder 2, then overflow enters commutator
3, make diffuser inside maintain stable liquid level, effectively prevent liquid phase bias current, and contribute to impurity deposition, improve dress
The operating flexibility put and appearance dirt ability；The flow direction of these two strands of materials is substantially vertical, contributes to the broken of liquid phase and dispersion, makes
Liquid phase is more uniformly sprayed onto on blowgun 4, blowgun 4 buffering further to gas-fluid two-phase mixture, does not opens at stream breaker 12
Under the jet-action of the sputtering effect of bore region, edge scatter effect and broken discharge orifice 13, gas is torn, further to liquid phase
Crushing, liquid phase is broken into droplet, and is uniformly dispersed in the whole reactor cross section to bubbler.
Baffle upper plate 5, middle deflector 6, chin spoiler 7 and stream breaker 12 all use streamlined expansion structure, not only make gas
Liquid charging is sufficiently mixed and is buffered, and the smooth channel of gas-liquid medium, kinetic energy rejection is little, and bubbler pressure drop is relatively low.
Blowgun 4 is provided with multilamellar stream breaker 12, does not the most increase the total height of bubbler, reduces effective utilization of space reactor
Rate, and make gas-liquid medium in different position dispersions, improve broken stream atomizing effect, optimize the predistribution of bubbler
Energy.
The present invention has the predistribution performance of excellence to the gas-liquid mixture entered, and efficiently solves in prior art and exists
The high problem of the peak value that buffering effect is poor, liquid phase bias current degree big, liquid phase spray area is little and liquid phase is radially distributed, operation
Elasticity is relatively big, can be widely applied to the occasion that impurity content in raw material is higher.
Claims (7)
1. a gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser, it includes coaxially connected cylinder (2), commutator (3) and blowgun (4), cylinder
The top of body (2) is welded with the flange (1) being connected with hydrogenation reactor top, and the bottom of cylinder (2) is provided with base plate (9), the end
The center of plate (9) offers round exit (10), and the lower section of base plate (9) is provided with blowgun (4), and commutator (3) is positioned at cylinder (2)
Inner chamber in, it is characterised in that: described commutator (3) include coaxial with cylinder (2), be arranged on bracing frame (11) from top to bottom
On baffle upper plate (5), middle deflector (6), chin spoiler (7), columned overflow cylinder (8), baffle upper plate (5), middle water conservancy diversion
Plate (6) and chin spoiler (7) all use streamlined expansion structure, the center of middle deflector (6) to be provided with perforate, middle deflector (6)
The internal diameter of center drilling is not more than the diameter of baffle upper plate (5), not less than the diameter of chin spoiler (7), outside middle deflector (6)
Diametrically not less than the external diameter of overflow cylinder (8), the bottom of overflow cylinder (8) is connected with base plate (9), the internal diameter of overflow cylinder (8) and
The equal diameters of outlet (10).
Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described baffle upper plate (5), lower water conservancy diversion
Plate (7) is spherical panel, tapered panel or elliposoidal panel, and middle deflector (6) is the spherical panel of butt, tapered panel or ellipse
Spherical panel.
Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: described blowgun (4) includes number
The stream breaker (12) that individual coaxial superimposed, bottom diameter ecto-entad is sequentially reduced, each stream breaker (12) is equipped with multiple broken
Discharge orifice (13).
Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the end of several described stream breakers (12)
Portion is at grade.
Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: outermost described stream breaker (12)
Top external diameter less than the internal diameter of overflow cylinder (8), bottom external diameter is not more than the external diameter of cylinder (2).
Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described stream breaker (12) uses streamline
Type expansion structure, for spherical panel, tapered panel or the elliposoidal panel of butt.
Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: being shaped as of described broken discharge orifice (13)
Circle, polygon, sector, spiral yarn shaped in one or more combination, the area of broken discharge orifice (13) or quantity are by outward
Inwardly it is gradually reduced.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610689932.0A CN106237936A (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2016-08-19 | Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610689932.0A CN106237936A (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2016-08-19 | Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106237936A true CN106237936A (en) | 2016-12-21 |
Family
ID=57592512
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610689932.0A Pending CN106237936A (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2016-08-19 | Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106237936A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3733279A1 (en) * | 2019-05-03 | 2020-11-04 | Yara International ASA | High pressure strippers for use in urea plants |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB589030A (en) * | 1944-03-21 | 1947-06-10 | Power Jets Res Dev Ltd | Improvements in or relating to gas diffusers |
| CN2908813Y (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-06-06 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Swirl spray hymidifying tower |
| CN201042663Y (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-04-02 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser |
| CN201140063Y (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2008-10-29 | 青岛科技大学 | Bipyramid flow guiding type air inlet distributor of organosilicon monomer fluid bed reactor |
| CN201208554Y (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-03-18 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Diffuser |
| CN201415104Y (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-03-03 | 镇江市电站辅机厂 | Smoke distributor |
| CN101766978A (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2010-07-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Material-flow mixing and dispersing device |
| CN204973634U (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2016-01-20 | 湖北侨光石化装备股份有限公司 | Gas -liquid mixing device |
| CN205435679U (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-08-10 | 北京安耐吉能源工程技术有限公司 | Entry diffuser and hydrogenation ware |
-
2016
- 2016-08-19 CN CN201610689932.0A patent/CN106237936A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB589030A (en) * | 1944-03-21 | 1947-06-10 | Power Jets Res Dev Ltd | Improvements in or relating to gas diffusers |
| CN2908813Y (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-06-06 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Swirl spray hymidifying tower |
| CN201042663Y (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-04-02 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Gas-liquid cocurrent flow inlet diffuser |
| CN201140063Y (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2008-10-29 | 青岛科技大学 | Bipyramid flow guiding type air inlet distributor of organosilicon monomer fluid bed reactor |
| CN201208554Y (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-03-18 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Diffuser |
| CN101766978A (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2010-07-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Material-flow mixing and dispersing device |
| CN201415104Y (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-03-03 | 镇江市电站辅机厂 | Smoke distributor |
| CN204973634U (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2016-01-20 | 湖北侨光石化装备股份有限公司 | Gas -liquid mixing device |
| CN205435679U (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-08-10 | 北京安耐吉能源工程技术有限公司 | Entry diffuser and hydrogenation ware |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3733279A1 (en) * | 2019-05-03 | 2020-11-04 | Yara International ASA | High pressure strippers for use in urea plants |
| WO2020225093A1 (en) * | 2019-05-03 | 2020-11-12 | Yara International Asa | High pressure strippers for use in urea plants |
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| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Wang Mi Inventor after: Wang Zhenyuan Inventor after: Fan Fei Inventor after: Shen Ling Inventor after: Zhou Qingqing Inventor after: Dong Xiaoli Inventor before: Wang Mi Inventor before: Wang Zhenyuan Inventor before: Fan Fei Inventor before: Shen Ling Inventor before: Zhou Qingqing Inventor before: Dong Xiaoli Inventor before: Bai Binrong |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20161221 |