CN203807402U - Catalytic cracking device and feeding spray nozzle thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a feeding spray nozzle of a catalytic cracking device. The feeding spray nozzle comprises a spray head, wherein a plurality of jetting holes are formed at the outlet end of the spray head; a scattering angle capable of scattering outwards is formed among axes of the jetting holes and the axis of the spray head. The feeding spray nozzle is used for spraying out atomized heavy materials from the jetting holes, and the shapes of formed spraying mists are not flat fans, but are scattered towards the periphery, so that the covering rate of a lifting tube reactor is greatly increased, the contact area with a catalyst is greatly increased, atomized liquid drops are quickly scattered, and the mixing effect of the catalyst in the lifting tube reactor and the atomized liquid drops is remarkably increased; meanwhile, a secondary flow area above the feeding spray nozzle in the lifting tube reactor is remarkably reduced, so that the flow of the catalyst contacted with the atomized liquid drops is nearly plug flow, the microscopic catalyst-oil ratio is remarkably improved, the oil-gas reaction time tends to be consistent, and therefore, the feeding spray nozzle is conductive to improving the target product yield. The utility model further discloses a catalytic cracking device applying the feeding spray nozzle.

Description

A kind of catalytic cracking unit and feed nozzle thereof

Technical field

The utility model relates to field of petrochemical industrial, particularly a kind of feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit.The utility model also relates to a kind of catalytic cracking unit of applying above-mentioned feed nozzle.

Background technology

Catalytic cracking unit is one of main device in petroleum refining industry, riser reactor is the important component part of catalytic cracking unit, catalytic cracking unit is in the time of work, the hot catalyst particles that is fluidized state is introduced into riser reactor bottom, and upwards flows, meanwhile, heavy feed stock is vaporific after mixing in feed nozzle with steam and sprays in riser reactor, mix with catalyst stream, cracking reaction occurs, heavy feed stock is cracked into simpler molecular form.

The best cracking conditions of catalytic cracking process needs catalyzer to mix rapidly and equably with heavy feed stock, if thermocatalyst and cold heavy feed stock skewness, in the region of catalyzer enrichment, heavy feed stock generation overcracking and thermally splitting, and in the region of heavy feed stock enrichment, there is incomplete cracking in heavy feed stock.These factors can significantly reduce the light oil yield of catalytic cracking unit.In addition, overcracking, thermally splitting and incomplete cracking all have certain side effect, such as sedimentation of coke is at catalyst surface, cause the active decline of riser tube inner catalyst, also affect the regeneration of revivifier inner catalyst simultaneously.And the Sprayable of feed nozzle is directly connected to the quality of heavy feed stock and the situation of mixing of catalyzer.

At present, the feed nozzle of existing catalytic cracking unit is mainly by improving the velocity contrast of gas-liquid two-phase, so that heavy feed stock (as heavy oil) is first atomized, form again the ring-type spraying of flat fan by the nozzle of end, what have is in a certain plane, to form angle of throat between injection direction and the medullary ray of nozzle, this spraying and the catalyst mix that promotes fluidisation in reactor, there is cracking reaction, existing a kind of feed nozzle as shown in Figure 9, this feed nozzle mainly comprises oil inlet pipe 01, outer tube 02, vapour distributor 05, shower nozzle matrix 03 and short tube 04, on oil inlet pipe 01, be provided with outlet-port, vapour distributor 05 is enclosed between oil inlet pipe 01 and outer tube 02, is provided with the pore that a circle passes through for steam on vapour distributor 05, and short tube 04 is distributed on a circle of shower nozzle matrix 03.Specific works process is: oil enters from oil inlet pipe 01, spray from outlet-port, steam enters in outer tube 02, pore by vapour distributor 05 sprays, steam and oil carry out mixed aerosol, short tube 04 from shower nozzle matrix 03 sprays afterwards, and the annular of formation flat fan is sprayed or in a certain cross section of crossing shower nozzle matrix 03 axis, the injection direction of spraying and axis form angle of throat.Although this spraying can with riser reactor in catalyst mix, but, the degree of scatter of oil throwing effect and mist of oil is poor, mist of oil jet has changed the flow-pattern of catalyzer, be subject to the impact of riser reactor inner-wall surface simultaneously, mist of oil jet easily induces secondary stream near inwall, because the existence of flat jet, after mist of oil contacts with catalyzer, radially there is very large deviation in the density distribution of catalyzer, form limit wall close, the flow-pattern that center is rare, the agent-oil ratio deviation of microcosmic is very large, cause green coke amount and dry gas yied high, cracking heavy feedstocks performance is bad, affect economic benefit.

In sum, how to solve spraying degree of scatter poor, the secondary stream region of the charging gasification section of riser reactor is larger, and the problem that microcosmic agent-oil ratio deviation is larger becomes those skilled in the art's problem demanding prompt solution.

Utility model content

In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit, to obtain desirable spraying distribution shape, reduce the secondary stream region of riser reactor charging gasification section, and then improve the degree of uniformity of microcosmic agent-oil ratio, reduce dry gas and coke yield, improve light oil yield.

Another object of the present utility model is to provide a kind of catalytic cracking unit of applying above-mentioned feed nozzle, by adopting above-mentioned feed nozzle, improves the Catalytic Cracking Performance of heavy feed stock, increases economic efficiency.

For achieving the above object, the utility model provides following technical scheme:

A feed nozzle for catalytic cracking unit, comprises shower nozzle, offers some jet holes on the exit end of described shower nozzle, forms the scattering angle of outwards dispersing between the axis of described jet hole and the axis of described shower nozzle.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, described jet hole is uniform or be dispersed at least one pitch circle of exit end of described shower nozzle, and the ratio of maximum pitch radius and minimum pitch radius is 1～30.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, described jet hole uniform or be dispersed in described shower nozzle exit end circumference or on oval week.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, described jet hole is uniform or be dispersed on the curve being made up of two sections of circular arcs or two sections of oval camber lines of exit end of described shower nozzle.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, described jet hole is on the exit end that multilayer is distributed in described shower nozzle point-blank, comprises multiple jet holes on every layer of straight line.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, also comprise:

For the inner tube of charging;

Be enclosed within the outer tube of described inner tube outside, between described outer tube and described inner tube, form annular gas passage;

Be arranged on described outer tube and with described gas passage, be communicated with for passing into the inlet pipe of steam;

Be arranged in described outer tube and be connected with the exit end of described inner tube for making the spray chamber of steam and heavy feed stock mixed aerosol, the exit end of described spray chamber offers multiple spray orifices, offers the steam injection hole that is communicated with described spray chamber inside and described gas passage on the outer circle wall of described spray chamber;

The be tightly connected back-up ring of outer of the end of described outer tube and the exit end of described spray chamber, the inlet end of described shower nozzle is connected on described back-up ring, between the outer face of the exit end of described spray chamber and the inner face of the exit end of described shower nozzle, has gap.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, one end of the close described interior tube inlet of described outer tube is by blanking cover and described interior duct occlusion.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, described spray chamber comprises the first spray chamber and second spray chamber of connection, described the first spray chamber is connected with described inner tube, on the outer circle wall of described the first spray chamber, offer primary steam filling orifice, on the outer circle wall of described the second spray chamber, offer secondary steam filling orifice, on the exit end of described the second spray chamber, offer described spray orifice.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, the inlet end of described the first spray chamber is that internal diameter is along the divergent contour structure increasing gradually away from the direction of described inner tube.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, described steam injection hole is uniform or scatter along the circumferential direction of described spray chamber.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, between the medullary ray in described steam injection hole and the medullary ray of described spray chamber, have eccentricity L, the ratio of the internal diameter R of described eccentricity L and described spray chamber is: L/R=0～0.8.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, the angle between axis and the axis of described spray chamber in described steam injection hole is 10 °～90 °.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, the exit end of described shower nozzle and the exit end of described spray chamber are that semicircle is spherical, semielliptical shape or plate shaped.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, the axis of described jet hole and the dead in line of described spray orifice.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, described jet hole and described spray orifice are cylindrical hole, circular cone expanded bore or the expanded bore with cylindrical section.

Preferably, in above-mentioned feed nozzle, described steam injection hole is cylindrical hole, circular cone shrinkage hole or the shrinkage hole with cylindrical section.

The utility model also provides a kind of catalytic cracking unit, comprises riser reactor and is arranged on the feed nozzle on described riser reactor sidewall, and described feed nozzle is the feed nozzle described in above-mentioned any one.

Preferably, in above-mentioned catalytic cracking unit, the angle of the axis of described feed nozzle and the axis of described riser reactor is arbitrarily angled in 25 °～80 °.

Preferably, in above-mentioned catalytic cracking unit, the angle of the axis of described jet hole and the horizontal plane of described riser reactor is within the scope of 0 °～80 °.

Preferably, in above-mentioned catalytic cracking unit, the angle between the axis of described jet hole and the plane that is made up of the axis of described feed nozzle and the axis of described riser reactor is within the scope of positive and negative 60 °.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

The feed nozzle of the catalytic cracking unit that the utility model provides, on the exit end of its shower nozzle, offer some jet holes, between the axis of jet hole and the axis of shower nozzle, there is the scattering angle of outwards dispersing, the heavy feed stock of atomization sprays from jet hole, the spray shapes forming is no longer flat fan, but the shape spreading to surrounding, spraying is spurted in riser reactor with multiple angular separation, fraction of coverage to riser reactor increases greatly, forming space with the catalyzer in riser reactor contacts, contact area increases greatly, the drop of atomization scatters rapidly, catalyzer in riser reactor and the mixed effect of atomizing droplet are significantly increased, simultaneously, significantly reduce the secondary stream region of feed nozzle top in riser reactor, make the mobile plug flow that approaches of catalyzer after contacting with atomizing droplet, microcosmic agent-oil ratio significantly improves, the reaction times of oil gas reaches unanimity, be conducive to improve the yield of object product.

Brief description of the drawings

In order to be illustrated more clearly in the utility model embodiment or scheme of the prior art, to accompanying drawing that describe required use in embodiment or prior art be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only embodiment more of the present utility model, for those skilled in the art, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.

The longitudinal sectional view of the feed nozzle of a kind of catalytic cracking unit that Fig. 1 provides for the utility model embodiment;

A kind of structural representation of the shower nozzle of a kind of feed nozzle that Fig. 2-a provides for the utility model embodiment;

Fig. 2-b is the sectional view in the A-A cross section in Fig. 2-a;

The layout schematic diagram of the jet hole of the second shower nozzle that Fig. 3-a provides for the utility model embodiment;

The layout schematic diagram of the jet hole of the third shower nozzle that Fig. 3-b provides for the utility model embodiment;

The layout schematic diagram of the jet hole of the 4th kind of shower nozzle that Fig. 3-c provides for the utility model embodiment;

The layout schematic diagram of the jet hole of the 5th kind of shower nozzle that Fig. 3-d provides for the utility model embodiment;

The layout schematic diagram of the jet hole of the 6th kind of shower nozzle that Fig. 3-e provides for the utility model embodiment;

The structural representation of a kind of jet hole of the shower nozzle that Fig. 4-a provides for the utility model embodiment;

The structural representation of the second jet hole of the shower nozzle that Fig. 4-b provides for the utility model embodiment;

The structural representation of the third jet hole of the shower nozzle that Fig. 4-c provides for the utility model embodiment;

The longitudinal cross-section structural representation of the second spray chamber that Fig. 5-a provides for the utility model embodiment;

Fig. 5-b is the B-B cross-sectional view in Fig. 5-a;

The schematic diagram of arranging in the second steam injection hole of the second the second spray chamber that Fig. 5-c provides for the utility model embodiment;

The longitudinal cross-section structural representation of the third the second spray chamber that Fig. 5-d provides for the utility model embodiment;

The longitudinal cross-section structural representation of the first spray chamber that Fig. 6-a provides for the utility model embodiment;

The longitudinal cross-section structural representation of the second the first spray chamber that Fig. 6-b provides for the utility model embodiment;

A kind of structural representation in the steam injection hole that Fig. 7-a provides for the utility model embodiment;

The second structural representation in the steam injection hole that Fig. 7-b provides for the utility model embodiment;

The third structural representation in the steam injection hole that Fig. 7-c provides for the utility model embodiment;

The local longitudinal profile schematic diagram of the catalytic cracking unit that Fig. 8-a provides for the utility model embodiment;

Fig. 8-b is the vertical view of Fig. 8-a;

Fig. 9 is the structural representation of a kind of feed nozzle of the prior art.

In above-mentioned figure, 1 is that inner tube, 2 is that outer tube, 3 is that gas passage, 4 is that inlet pipe, 5 is that shower nozzle, 51 is that jet hole, 6 is that spray chamber, 61 is that the first spray chamber, 62 is that the second spray chamber, 7 is that steam injection hole, 71 is that primary steam filling orifice, 72 is that secondary steam filling orifice, 8 is that back-up ring, 9 is that spray orifice, 10 is that steam connection tube, 11 is that sprue, 12 is that stock oil pipe connecting, 13 is riser reactor;

01 is that oil inlet pipe, 02 is that outer tube, 03 is that shower nozzle matrix, 04 is that short tube, 05 is vapour distributor.

Embodiment

Core of the present utility model has been to provide a kind of feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit, can obtain desirable spraying distribution shape, increase the contact area of spraying and catalyzer, reduce the secondary stream region of the charging gasification section of riser reactor, and then improve the degree of uniformity of microcosmic agent-oil ratio, reduce dry gas and coke yield, improve light oil yield.

The utility model also provides a kind of catalytic cracking unit of applying above-mentioned feed nozzle, has improved the catalytic cracking quality of heavy feed stock, has improved economic benefit.

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the utility model embodiment, the technical scheme in the utility model embodiment is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present utility model, instead of whole embodiment.Based on embodiment of the present utility model, all other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite of not making creative work, belong to the scope that the utility model is protected.

As shown in Figure 1, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit, hereinafter to be referred as feed nozzle, comprises shower nozzle 5, on the exit end of shower nozzle 5, offer several jet holes 51, and there is the scattering angle of outwards dispersing between the axis of jet hole 51 and the axis of shower nozzle 5.

By above-mentioned design, the heavy feed stock (taking mist of oil as example) of the atomization of ejection from the jet hole 51 of shower nozzle 5, with multiple angular spread be ejected in riser reactor 13, compared with the spray shapes of ratio flat fan in the past or the spray shapes that injection direction has angle of throat with shower nozzle axis, the spraying that shower nozzle 5 in the utility model forms increases greatly to the fraction of coverage of riser reactor 13, forming space with the catalyzer in riser reactor 13 contacts, contact area increases greatly, mist of oil is in the interior rapid diffusion of riser reactor 13, catalyzer in riser reactor 13 and the degree of mixing of mist of oil are significantly improved, simultaneously, significantly reduce to be positioned in riser reactor 13 the secondary stream region of feed nozzle top, make the mobile plug flow that approaches of catalyzer after contacting with mist of oil, improve the degree of uniformity of microcosmic agent-oil ratio, the reaction times of mist of oil and catalyzer reaches unanimity, effectively reduce dry gas and coke yield, improve the yield of object product (being light oil).

As shown in Fig. 2-a and Fig. 2-b, to jet hole 51, the arrangement form on shower nozzle 5 is optimized the present embodiment, jet hole 51 can be uniform or be dispersed at least one pitch circle of exit end of shower nozzle 5, and the ratio of maximum pitch radius and minimum pitch radius is 1～30, more preferably, minimum pitch circle diameter is 10mm.In Fig. 2-a, multiple circles on the exit end of shower nozzle 5 represent the pitch circle of different radii, jet hole 51 can at random be distributed on similar and different pitch circle, has the scattering angle to external diffusion as long as meet between the axis of jet hole 51 and the axis of shower nozzle 5.

Except adopting the arrangement form shown in Fig. 2-a and Fig. 2-b, the jet hole 51 of shower nozzle 5 can also adopt the arrangement form as shown in Fig. 3-a, Fig. 3-b, Fig. 3-c, Fig. 3-d or Fig. 3-e, wherein, Fig. 3-a is that jet hole 51 is uniform or be dispersed on the ellipse week of exit end of shower nozzle 5; Fig. 3-b is that jet hole 51 is uniform or be dispersed on the circumference of exit end of shower nozzle 5; Fig. 3-c is that jet hole 51 is uniform or be dispersed on the curve being made up of two sections of circular arcs of exit end of shower nozzle 5; Fig. 3-d is that jet hole 51 is uniform or be dispersed on the curve being made up of two sections of oval camber lines of exit end of shower nozzle 5; Fig. 3-e is that jet hole 51 is on the exit end that multilayer linearity is distributed in shower nozzle 5, and the number of plies is at least two-layer, and comprises at least two jet holes 51 on every layer of straight line.Except adopting the above arrangement form of enumerating, other rational arrangement form can adopt equally, as long as make between the axis of jet hole 51 and the axis of shower nozzle 5 to exist the scattering angle to external diffusion.In addition, the shape of the exit end of shower nozzle 5 can be that semicircle is spherical, semielliptical shape or plate shaped, and the inlet end of shower nozzle 5 is cylindrical section.

Feed nozzle is further optimized, and as shown in Figure 1, the feed nozzle in the present embodiment also comprises inner tube 1, outer tube 2, inlet pipe 4, spray chamber 6 and back-up ring 8; Wherein, inner tube 1 is for charging, such as heavy oil being sprayed in inner tube 1; Outer tube 2 is enclosed within the outside of inner tube 1, and forms annular gas passage 3 between outer tube 2 and inner tube 1, and gas passage 3 is near one end sealing of import; Inlet pipe 4 is arranged on outer tube 2 and with gas passage 3 and is communicated with, for pass into steam in gas passage 3; Spray chamber 6 is arranged in outer tube 2 and is connected with the exit end of inner tube 1, be used for making steam and heavy feed stock at the interior mixed aerosol of spray chamber 6, the exit end of spray chamber 6 offers multiple spray orifices 9, offers the steam injection hole 7 that is communicated with spray chamber 6 inside and gas passage 3 on the outer circle wall of spray chamber 6; The be tightly connected outer of the end of outer tube 2 and the exit end of spray chamber 6 of back-up ring 8, realize the sealing of gas passage 3 by back-up ring 8, the inlet end of shower nozzle 5 is connected on back-up ring 8, between the inner face of the exit end of the outer face of the exit end of spray chamber 6 and shower nozzle 5, has gap.In order to facilitate oil-feed and to enter steam, be connected with stock oil pipe connecting 12 at the entrance end of inner tube 1, inner tube 1 is connected with oil pipe by stock oil pipe connecting 12, is connected with steam connection tube 10 at the entrance end of inlet pipe 4, and inlet pipe 4 is connected with vapour pipe by steam connection tube 10.

The working process of above-mentioned feed nozzle is: stock oil enters in inner tube 1, flow in inner tube 1 high speed, meanwhile, steam enters in gas passage 3 from inlet pipe 4, and in the interior rectification of gas passage 3, in the time of stock oil process spray chamber 6, steam accelerates to enter spray chamber 6 by the steam injection hole 7 on spray chamber 6 outer circle walls, swiftly flowing steam is sheared stock oil, stock oil is broken up, and and vapor mixing, form mist of oil, the spray orifice 9 of mist of oil from the exit end of spray chamber 6 sprays, enter in the gap being formed by the outer face of exit end of spray chamber 6 and the inner face of the exit end of shower nozzle 5, mist of oil is further atomization in the process of ejection spray orifice 9, afterwards, mist of oil sprays from the jet hole 51 of shower nozzle 5, further atomization, in the spraying of the interior formation diffusion type of riser reactor 13.

From said process, feed nozzle in the utility model is by arranging spray chamber 6, make steam accelerate to enter spray chamber 6 from the steam injection hole 7 being opened in spray chamber 6 outer circumference surfaces, the stock oil of flow carries out vertical shear at a high speed or the shearing of near vertical, the mode of blocking stock oil stream by high speed realizes breaing up of stock oil and atomization, adopt bubble type atomization mechanism, steam utilization efficiency is high, for heavy oil, steam consumption only 3.5%, identical with stock oil flow direction with steam flow direction of the prior art, carry out the mode (referring to Fig. 9) of atomization compares by expanding the velocity contrast of steam and stock oil, atomizing effect of the present utility model improves greatly, and then make mist of oil gasify rapidly and to react, improve light oil yield.

As shown in Figure 1, in the present embodiment, one end of close inner tube 1 entrance of outer tube 2 is sealed by blanking cover 11 and inner tube 1, and blanking cover 11 is ring structure, and blanking cover 11 is enclosed within inner tube 1, and with the end gluing, sealing of outer tube 2.Certainly, except adopting blanking cover 11, can also adopt other structure, such as ring-shaped rubber plug etc.

Spray chamber 6 is optimized, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, spray chamber 6 comprises the first spray chamber 61 and second spray chamber 62 of connection, the tubular structure that the first spray chamber 61 is open at both ends, one end is connected with the exit end of inner tube 1, offers primary steam filling orifice 71 on the outer circle wall of the first spray chamber 61; One end of the second spray chamber 62 is connected with the exit end of the first spray chamber 61, offers on the exit end of secondary steam filling orifice 72, the second spray chambers 62 and offer spray orifice 9 on the outer circle wall of the second spray chamber 62.

When work, stock oil enters after inner tube 1, be introduced into the first spray chamber 61, now, steam enters in the first spray chamber 61 by primary steam filling orifice 71, stock oil is wherein carried out to shearing breaing up, make the preliminary atomization of stock oil, afterwards, the stock oil of preliminary atomization enters in the second spray chamber 62, now, steam enters in secondary-atomizing chamber 62 by secondary steam filling orifice 72, the stock oil of preliminary atomization is carried out to secondary shearing formula to be broken up, make stock oil secondary-atomizing, subsequently, the stock oil of secondary-atomizing is by spray orifice 9, further atomization, finally spray by jet hole 51, further atomization, by repeatedly atomization, mist of oil can more promptly be spread, more even with catalyst mix.Certainly,, according to the needs of atomizing effect, spray chamber 6 can arrange one, two or three etc.

Further, as shown in Figure 6, the inlet end of the first spray chamber 61 is the divergent contour structure that internal diameter edge increases gradually away from the direction of inner tube 1, and spread angle δ 4 is 0 °～90 °, more preferably 15 °.Be set to divergent contour structure by the inlet end of the first spray chamber 6, can make stock oil in the speed that enters the front reduction stock oil of the first spray chamber 61, increase the velocity contrast of steam and stock oil, thereby reach better atomizing effect.

As optimization, the primary steam filling orifice 71 in the present embodiment along the axis direction of the first spray chamber 61 arrange 1～5 circle, every circle uniform or scatter 2～50 primary steam filling orifices 71; Secondary steam filling orifice 72 arranges 1～5 circle along the axis direction of the second spray chamber 62, every circle uniform or scatter 2～50 secondary steam filling orifices 72, and the distance between the exit end of the central axis of secondary steam filling orifice 72 and the second spray chamber 62 is 1mm～300mm, more preferably 100mm, by this distance is set, make stock oil can carry out fully secondary-atomizing processing.

As shown in Fig. 5-c, between the medullary ray in steam injection hole 7 and the medullary ray of described spray chamber 6, there is eccentricity L, the ratio of the internal diameter R of eccentricity L and spray chamber is: L/R=0～0.8; The primary steam filling orifice 71 that can be the first spray chamber 61 has eccentricity L, and the secondary steam filling orifice 72 that can be also the second spray chamber 62 has eccentricity L, can also be that primary steam filling orifice 71 and secondary steam filling orifice 72 all have eccentricity L.Arrange after eccentricity L, steam enters in spray chamber 6, owing to being not radially injection along spray chamber 6, therefore, under the impact of the high velocity vapor stream that stock oil can inject in bias, interior along axis rotational flow at spray chamber 6, rotate by increase, can make steam mix more fully with stock oil, realize atomization better.Certainly, steam injection hole 7 also can be disposed radially on the outer circle wall of spray chamber 6, referring to Fig. 5-b.

As shown in Fig. 5-d and Fig. 6-b, in the present embodiment, the angle between the axis in steam injection hole 7 and the axis of spray chamber 6 is 10 °～90 °, and along medium flowing direction, steam injection hole 7 tilts near axis gradually.More specifically, the angle δ 3 between the axis of primary steam filling orifice 71 and the axis of the first spray chamber 61 is 10 °～90 °, and the angle δ 5 between the axis of secondary steam filling orifice 72 and the axis of the second spray chamber 62 is 10 °～90 °.The object so arranging is that the incoming road that also can axially break through stock oil, realizes and better break up atomizing effect in order to allow steam both can radially shear the incoming road of stock oil.

As shown in Fig. 5-a and Fig. 5-d, the exit end of spray chamber 6 is that semicircle is spherical, semielliptical shape or plate shaped, and the exit end of the second spray chamber 62 is that semicircle is spherical, semielliptical shape or plate shaped.

In order further mist of oil to be carried out to atomization, in the present embodiment, the dead in line of the axis of jet hole 51 and spray orifice 9, and quantity equates, the mist of oil spraying from spray orifice 9 passes through jet hole 51 along jet axis, atomization quality is improved again, further says, has ensured the rapid diffusion of mist of oil.Certainly, the axis of jet hole 51 and spray orifice 9 can not overlap, and quantity also can be unequal.

The present embodiment is optimized the axial section shape of jet hole 51 and spray orifice 9, as shown in Fig. 4-a, Fig. 4-b, Fig. 4-c, jet hole 51 and spray orifice 9 are respectively cylindrical hole, circular cone expanded bore and the expanded bore with cylindrical section along medium flowing direction (in figure, arrow direction is medium flowing direction), wherein, the flare angle δ 1 of circular cone expanded bore is 0 °～90 °, more preferably 15 °, it is the range of scatter in order to increase mist of oil that spread angle is set; The length-to-diameter ratio of the cylindrical section of the expanded bore with cylindrical section is 0.1～5, and the flare angle δ 2 of expansion segment is 0 °～90 °, more preferably 30 °.

The present embodiment is optimized steam injection hole, and as shown in Fig. 7-a, 7-b, 7-c, steam injection hole 7 is respectively cylindrical hole, circular cone shrinkage hole or the shrinkage hole with cylindrical section along medium flowing direction (in figure, arrow direction is medium flowing direction).Wherein, the angle of throat δ 6 of circular cone shrinkage hole is 0 °～90 °, and more preferably 15 °, the object that angle of throat is set is to reduce the pressure-losses of steam when the steam injection hole in order to improve, increase to greatest extent steam and enter the speed in spray chamber 6, further improve atomizing effect.The length-to-diameter ratio of the cylindrical section of the shrinkage hole with cylindrical section is 0.1～5, and angle of throat δ 7 is 0 °～90 °, more preferably 30 °.Structure in the present embodiment can only be applied on primary steam filling orifice 71 or secondary steam filling orifice 72, also can be applied on primary steam filling orifice 71 and secondary steam filling orifice 72 simultaneously.

As shown in Fig. 8-a and Fig. 8-b, the utility model embodiment also provides a kind of catalytic cracking unit, comprise riser reactor 13 and be arranged on the feed nozzle on riser reactor 13 sidewalls, feed nozzle is above all embodiment and the described feed nozzle of technical scheme.

By adopting the feed nozzle in the utility model, the catalytic cracking unit that the utility model provides can obtain desirable spraying distribution shape, spraying can realize fast and mix equably with catalyzer, reduce secondary stream region, thereby dry gas and coke yield are reduced, improve light oil yield, improved the catalytic cracking quality of heavy feed stock, improved economic benefit.

Catalytic cracking unit is further optimized, and the angle of the axis of the axis of the feed nozzle in the present embodiment and riser reactor 13 is arbitrarily angled in 25 °～80 °, keeps the shower nozzle 5 of feed nozzle to be inclined upwardly.Can reduce better like this secondary stream region of feed nozzle top, catalyzer after contact be flowed approach plug flow with mist of oil, improve microcosmic agent-oil ratio, the reaction times of while mist of oil and catalyzer reaches unanimity, and is more conducive to improve light oil yield.

Further, as shown in Fig. 8-a, in the present embodiment, the angle of the horizontal plane of the axis of jet hole 51 and riser reactor 13 is within the scope of 0 °～80 °.The minimum angle α 1 that is the axis of jet hole 51 and the horizontal plane of riser reactor 13 is 0 °, maximum angle α N is 80 °, thereby make spraying present the shape that is tilted to injection diffusion, reduce the disturbance of the flow state of spraying to catalyzer, it is flowed and approach plug flow, mix more evenly, the reaction times reaches unanimity, the productive rate that has greatly reduced dry gas and coke, has improved light oil yield.

Further, as shown in Fig. 8-b, in the present embodiment, the angle between the axis of jet hole 51 and the plane that is made up of the axis of feed nozzle and the axis of riser reactor 13 is within the scope of positive and negative 60 °.Be that the axis of jet hole 51 and the angle of vertical plane are within the scope of positive and negative 60 °, the axis of two jet holes 51 and the angle of vertical plane that are positioned at outermost end are respectively β 1 and β N, according to the practical situation of riser reactor 13, β 1 and β N are any number between 20 °～60 °.After so arranging, spraying has increased 50% before to the fraction of coverage of riser reactor, has increased 60% with the contact area of catalyzer.

Except spray effect gets a promotion, feed nozzle of the present utility model relates to compacter, and weight alleviates greatly.

In this specification sheets, each embodiment adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe, and what each embodiment stressed is and the difference of other embodiment, between each embodiment identical similar part mutually referring to.

To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make professional and technical personnel in the field can realize or use the utility model.To be apparent for those skilled in the art to the multiple amendment of these embodiment, General Principle as defined herein can, in the situation that not departing from spirit or scope of the present utility model, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the utility model will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.

Claims (20)

1. the feed nozzle of a catalytic cracking unit, it is characterized in that, comprise shower nozzle (5), on the exit end of described shower nozzle (5), offer some jet holes (51), between the axis of described jet hole (51) and the axis of described shower nozzle (5), there is the scattering angle of outwards dispersing.

2. feed nozzle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described jet hole (51) is uniform or be dispersed at least one pitch circle of exit end of described shower nozzle (5), and the ratio of maximum pitch radius and minimum pitch radius is 1～30.

3. feed nozzle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described jet hole (51) uniform or be dispersed in described shower nozzle (5) exit end circumference or on oval week.

4. feed nozzle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described jet hole (51) is uniform or be dispersed on the curve being made up of two sections of circular arcs or two sections of oval camber lines of exit end of described shower nozzle (5).

5. feed nozzle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described jet hole (51) is multilayer linearity, is distributed on the exit end of described shower nozzle (5), comprises multiple jet holes (51) on every layer of straight line.

6. according to the feed nozzle described in claim 1-5 any one, it is characterized in that, also comprise:

For the inner tube (1) of charging;

Be enclosed within the outside outer tube (2) of described inner tube (1), between described outer tube (2) and described inner tube (1), form annular gas passage (3);

Be arranged on described outer tube (2) upper and be communicated with described gas passage (3) for passing into the inlet pipe (4) of steam;

Be arranged in described outer tube (2) and be connected with the exit end of described inner tube (1) for making the spray chamber (6) of steam and heavy feed stock mixed aerosol, the exit end of described spray chamber (6) offers multiple spray orifices (9), offers the steam injection hole (7) that is communicated with described spray chamber (6) inside and described gas passage (3) on the outer circle wall of described spray chamber (6);

The back-up ring (8) of outer of the end of described outer tube (2) and the exit end of described spray chamber (6) is tightly connected, it is upper that the inlet end of described shower nozzle (5) is connected to described back-up ring (8), between the inner face of the exit end of the outer face of the exit end of described spray chamber (6) and described shower nozzle (5), has gap.

7. feed nozzle according to claim 6, is characterized in that, one end of close described inner tube (1) entrance of described outer tube (2) is by blanking cover (11) and described inner tube (1) sealing.

8. feed nozzle according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described spray chamber (6) comprises the first spray chamber (61) and second spray chamber (62) of connection, described the first spray chamber (61) is connected with described inner tube (1), on the outer circle wall of described the first spray chamber (61), offer primary steam filling orifice (71), on the outer circle wall of described the second spray chamber (62), offer secondary steam filling orifice (72), on the exit end of described the second spray chamber (62), offer described spray orifice (9).

9. feed nozzle according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the inlet end of described the first spray chamber (61) is that internal diameter is along the divergent contour structure increasing gradually away from the direction of described inner tube (1).

10. feed nozzle according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described steam injection hole (7) is uniform or scatter along the circumferential direction of described spray chamber (6).

11. feed nozzles according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, between the medullary ray of the medullary ray in described steam injection hole (7) and described spray chamber (6), have eccentricity L, the ratio of the internal diameter R of described eccentricity L and described spray chamber (6) is: L/R=0～0.8.

12. feed nozzles according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the angle between the axis in described steam injection hole (7) and the axis of described spray chamber (6) is 10 °～90 °.

13. feed nozzles according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the exit end of the exit end of described shower nozzle (5) and described spray chamber (6) is that semicircle is spherical, semielliptical shape or plate shaped.

14. according to the feed nozzle described in claim 7-13 any one, it is characterized in that the dead in line of the axis of described jet hole (51) and described spray orifice (9).

15. feed nozzles according to claim 14, is characterized in that, described jet hole (51) and described spray orifice (9) are cylindrical hole, circular cone expanded bore or the expanded bore with cylindrical section.

16. feed nozzles according to claim 14, is characterized in that, described steam injection hole (7) is cylindrical hole, circular cone shrinkage hole or the shrinkage hole with cylindrical section.

17. 1 kinds of catalytic cracking unit, comprise riser reactor (13) and are arranged on the feed nozzle on described riser reactor (13) sidewall, it is characterized in that, described feed nozzle is the feed nozzle as described in claim 1-16 any one.

18. catalytic cracking unit according to claim 17, is characterized in that, the angle of the axis of the axis of described feed nozzle and described riser reactor (13) is arbitrarily angled in 25 °～80 °.

19. catalytic cracking unit according to claim 18, is characterized in that, the angle of the horizontal plane of the axis of described jet hole (51) and described riser reactor (13) is within the scope of 0 °～80 °.

20. catalytic cracking unit according to claim 19, is characterized in that, the angle between the axis of described jet hole (51) and the plane that is made up of the axis of described feed nozzle and the axis of described riser reactor (13) is within the scope of positive and negative 60 °.