CN106216040B - 一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机 - Google Patents

一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机 Download PDF

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CN106216040B
CN106216040B CN201610898075.5A CN201610898075A CN106216040B CN 106216040 B CN106216040 B CN 106216040B CN 201610898075 A CN201610898075 A CN 201610898075A CN 106216040 B CN106216040 B CN 106216040B
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knife rest
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high humidity
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CN106216040A (zh
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卢誉远
林应强
熊庆明
卢繁远
林叶俊龙
周淑珍
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Nanning Lyuzhi Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0084Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
    • B02C18/0092Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage for waste water or for garbage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/02Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with reciprocating knives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/143Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with a disc rotor having generally radially extending slots or openings bordered with cutting knives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/145Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with knives spaced axially and circumferentially on the periphery of a cylindrical rotor unit
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16Details
    • B02C18/18Knives; Mountings thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16Details
    • B02C18/22Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2216Discharge means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16Details
    • B02C18/22Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2225Feed means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2201/00Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
    • B02C2201/06Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机,包括下料仓、出料机构、输送带、切碎机、粉碎仓和机架;出料机构设在下料仓底部,出料机构连接调速电机;切碎机包括铡刀砧板一端连接输送带的出料端,另一端连接粉碎仓的进料口;铡刀位于铡刀砧板上方,铡刀安装在铡刀导杆下端,铡刀导杆上端连接偏心轮,偏心轮连接第一驱动电机,第一驱动电机固定在机架上;粉碎仓为卧式结构,物料倒流板位于粉碎仓内顶部,粉碎刀架结构位于物料倒流板下方,包括主轴、刀架盘和刀具;主轴两端分别轴承连接机架,刀架盘安装在主轴上,刀具安装在刀架盘上,第三驱动电机连接主轴。本发明的粉碎机能粉碎高湿、长纤维、硬质类的固体有机物,粉碎流畅,能耗低,产量高。

Description

一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机
技术领域
本发明属于粉碎机技术领域,具体是一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机。
技术背景
目前,我国高效、集约化农业和农产品加工业获得飞速发展,同样带来了大量固体有机物资源被闲置、丢弃,也造成了有机物资源的浪费,很多地方还造成了对环境的污染。固体有机物包括秸秆、中草药渣、木薯渣、甘蔗渣、畜禽粪渣、压滤菌泥等等,经过粉碎等预处理后,可以利用生物技术,在厌氧或好氧发酵的条件下转化成为富含丰富腐植酸质和动植物可吸收的养分产物,重新回到现代农业生产中,减少农业生产对化肥的使用量,有利于提高土壤的有机质、改善土壤活性、提高农产品质量,也可以作为畜禽饲养的饲料,减少饲料投资成本。但是,固体有机物资源化利用之前需要进行粉碎,传统粉碎设备存在能耗高,筛网易堵塞,产量低的问题,特别是针对高湿、长纤维、硬质类的固体有机物根本无法进行粉碎,需要晒干或烘干使水分到45%以下才能流畅粉碎。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种能粉碎高湿、长纤维、硬质类的固体有机物,粉碎流畅,能耗低,产量高的高湿固体有机物粉碎机。
本发明通过以下技术方案解决上述技术问题:
一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机,包括下料仓、出料机构、输送带、切碎机、粉碎仓和机架;
所述出料机构为耙齿滚筒形状,设在下料仓底部,出料机构连接调速电机;
所述切碎机为往复斜切铡刀式,包括铡刀砧板、铡刀、铡刀导杆、偏心轮和第一驱动电机;铡刀砧板一端连接输送带的出料端,另一端连接粉碎仓的进料口;铡刀位于铡刀砧板上方,铡刀安装在铡刀导杆下端,铡刀导杆上端连接偏心轮,偏心轮连接第一驱动电机,第一驱动电机固定在机架上;
所述输送带的进料端位于出料机构下方,出料端连接铡刀砧板,出料端上方还设有压辊,压辊连接切碎机;输送带连接第二驱动电机;
所述粉碎仓为卧式结构,仓内设有物料倒流板和粉碎刀架结构;物料倒流板位于粉碎仓内顶部,为“L”字形结构,其勾头位于粉碎仓的进料口,另一端连接粉碎仓的出料口;所述粉碎仓为卧式结构,仓内设有物料倒流板和粉碎刀架结构;物料倒流板位于粉碎仓内顶部,为“L”字形结构,其勾头位于粉碎仓的进料口,另一端连接粉碎仓的出料口;所述粉碎刀架结构位于物料倒流板下方,由主轴、多组刀架盘、多组刀架和多组刀具构成,主轴两端分别轴承连接机架,多组刀架盘均布在主轴上,多组刀架均布在刀架盘上,多组刀具均布在刀架上;第三驱动电机连接主轴。
所述高湿固体有机物粉碎机主体为不锈钢或碳钢材质,
所述下料仓为倒三角结构。
所述铡刀导杆上设有水平限位机构。
所述水平限位机构为至少一组定位轮,定位轮固定连接机架。
还包括限位板,限位板固定在粉碎仓的出料口。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明高湿固体有机物粉碎机不用筛网,不堵塞,粉碎流畅,各种含水率的固体有机物均可以粉碎,能粉碎含水率45%以上、长纤维、硬质类的固体有机物,实现了低成本、大产量的粉碎预处理,而且能耗低。用于好氧发酵系统中能保障后续好氧发酵工序的充分和稳定,也能灵活独立使用,把固体有机物就地粉碎后用作种植基料或另作它用,提高固体有机物的资源化利用途径。
附图说明
图1是本发明高湿固体有机物粉碎机的结构示意图。
图2是图1中刀架盘、刀架和刀具的结构示意图。
图中:11-下料仓,12-出料机构,13-调速电机,14-输送带,15-压辊,16-铡刀砧板,18-铡刀,19-定位轮,110-铡刀导杆,111-偏心轮,112-第一驱动电机,113-机架,114-粉碎仓,115-物料倒流板,116-粉碎仓的出料口,117-第三驱动电机,1180-刀架,1181-顶套,119-主轴,120-刀架盘,121-刀具,122-限位板。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明,但不构成对本发明权利要求保护范围的限制。
一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机,包括下料仓11、出料机构12、输送带14、切碎机、粉碎仓114和机架113;
所述出料机构12为耙齿滚筒形状,设在倒三角结构的下料仓11底部,出料机构12连接调速电机13;
所述切碎机为往复斜切铡刀式,包括铡刀砧板16、铡刀18、铡刀导杆110、偏心轮111和第一驱动电机112;铡刀砧板16一端连接输送带14的出料端,另一端连接粉碎仓114的进料口;铡刀18位于铡刀砧板16上方,铡刀18安装在铡刀导杆110下端,铡刀导杆110上端连接偏心轮111,偏心轮111连接第一驱动电机112,第一驱动电机112固定在机架113上;所述铡刀导杆110上设有至少一组定位轮19,定位轮19固定连接机架113,用于限制铡刀导杆110水平方向不发生位移。
所述输送带14的进料端位于出料机构12下方,出料端连接铡刀砧板16,出料端上方还设有压辊15,压辊15连接机架113;输送带14连接第二驱动电机;
所述粉碎仓114为卧式结构,仓内设有物料倒流板115和粉碎刀架结构;物料倒流板115用于物料回流和出料,位于粉碎仓114内顶部,为“L”字形结构,其勾头位于粉碎仓114的进料口,另一端连接粉碎仓114的出料口116;所述粉碎刀架结构位于物料倒流板115下方,由主轴119、多组刀架盘120、多组刀架1180和多组刀具121构成,主轴119两端分别轴承连接机架113,多组刀架盘120均布在主轴上,每组刀架盘120上均布有多组刀架1180,每组刀架1180上均布有多组刀具121;第三驱动电机117连接主轴119。刀具121的刀口为锯齿状。同一刀架1180上相邻的两组刀具121之间设有顶套1181。
所述高湿固体有机物粉碎机主体为不锈钢或碳钢材质。
还包括限位板122,限位板122固定在粉碎仓114的出料口116,通过限位销可调节限位板122的高度,以调节出料口116的大小。
本发明高湿固体有机物粉碎机的工作原理:当物料呈块状、条形长纤维或高湿状态由下料仓11经输送带14进入切碎机,经过初步切碎后进入粉碎机,刀具121将物料切割、敲打,在刀具121高速旋转的同时,物料会随着物料导流板115被往返切割、敲打,最后从粉碎仓的出料口116排出。通过调节限位板122高度,控制粉碎仓的出料口116的大小,从而控制出料的粗细程度,粉碎仓的出料口116越小,出料越慢,物料在粉碎机内停留的时间越长,物料就越细碎,反之粉碎仓的出料口116越大,出料速度越快,物料就越粗大,因此本发明高湿固体有机物粉碎机可以根据所需物料的粗细程度进行调节粉碎。
本发明高湿固体有机物粉碎机适用于各种含水率的固体有机物,包括秸秆、中草药渣、木薯渣、甘蔗渣、畜禽粪渣、压滤菌泥等长纤维、硬质类的固体有机物,含水率45%以上的高湿类固体有机物也能粉碎流畅。

Claims (6)

1.一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机,其特征在于:包括下料仓、出料机构、输送带、切碎机、粉碎仓和机架;
所述出料机构为耙齿滚筒形状,设在下料仓底部,出料机构连接调速电机;
所述切碎机为往复斜切铡刀式,包括铡刀砧板、铡刀、铡刀导杆、偏心轮和第一驱动电机;铡刀砧板一端连接输送带的出料端,另一端连接粉碎仓的进料口;铡刀位于铡刀砧板上方,铡刀安装在铡刀导杆下端,铡刀导杆上端连接偏心轮,偏心轮连接第一驱动电机,第一驱动电机固定在机架上;
所述输送带的进料端位于出料机构下方,出料端连接铡刀砧板,出料端上方还设有压辊,压辊连接切碎机;输送带连接第二驱动电机;
所述粉碎仓为卧式结构,仓内设有物料倒流板和粉碎刀架结构;物料倒流板位于粉碎仓内顶部,为“L”字形结构,其勾头位于粉碎仓的进料口,另一端连接粉碎仓的出料口;所述粉碎刀架结构位于物料倒流板下方,由主轴、多组刀架盘、多组刀架和多组刀具构成,主轴两端分别轴承连接机架,多组刀架盘均布在主轴上,多组刀架均布在刀架盘上,多组刀具均布在刀架上;第三驱动电机连接主轴。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机,其特征是:所述高湿固体有机物粉碎机为不锈钢或碳钢材质。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机,其特征是:所述下料仓为倒三角结构。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机,其特征是:所述铡刀导杆上设有水平限位机构。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机,其特征是:所述水平限位机构为至少一组定位轮,定位轮固定连接机架。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种高湿固体有机物粉碎机,其特征是:还包括限位板,限位板固定在粉碎仓的出料口。
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