CN106215062A - 一种具有清肺化痰止嗽作用的组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有清肺化痰止嗽作用的组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种清肺化痰的中药组合物,属于现代中药领域。一种清肺化痰止嗽的药物组合物,由下列重量份配比的原料药制成:黄芩15‑100份,天花粉15‑100份,浙贝母15‑50份,枳壳15‑50份,桑白皮15‑50份,桔梗15‑50份,熟大黄15‑50份,知母15‑50份,麦冬15‑50份,化橘红15‑50份,苦杏仁15‑50份,前胡15‑50份,百部15‑50份,甘草3‑15份。本发明的优点是:本发明提供的技术方案能够制备出质量可控、能充分发挥疗效,服用剂量合理的药物。避免了工艺中使用易制毒化学品,简化工艺,绿色环保,具有显著的经济和社会效益。具有显著的经济和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种清肺化痰止嗽药物的制备方法,属于现代中药领域。
背景技术
清金止嗽化痰丸主治:清肺,化痰,止嗽。用于肺热痰引起的咳嗽黄痰,胸膈不畅,喉痛音哑,大便干燥。
处方:黄芩96g、天花粉48g、浙贝母24g、枳壳(去瓤麸炒)24g、桔梗24g、桑白皮(蜜炙)24g、熟大黄12g、知母12g、麦冬12g、化橘红12g、苦杏仁(去皮炒)12g、前胡12g、百部12g、甘草3g。
制法:将以上十四味,粉碎成细粉,过筛,混匀,用水泛丸,干燥,即得。
处方及制法收载于《中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准》中药成方制剂第七册,标准编号:WS3-B-1433-93。
该组方以黄芩、天花粉为主药,清泻肺肠脏腑燥热痰证;以前胡、桔梗、浙贝母为辅治肺热痰盛咳嗽;以苦杏仁、桑白皮、百部止咳平喘,麦冬、知母滋养肺阴,大黄配以天花粉泻大肠腑热,以化橘红、枳壳理气化痰,并防止大黄、黄芩清泻太过,为佐药;甘草调和诸药。全方十四味药协同起效,专用于治疗肺热痰盛引起的咳嗽黄痰,胸膈不畅,喉痛音哑,大便干燥。用于支气管炎、肺炎出现上述症状者。
由于目前清金止嗽化痰丸这一方剂仅有水丸一种剂型,传统工艺是将其十四味药全部粉碎成细粉后水泛丸,每剂服用量过大(多达6g),患者接受程度差;在质量控制方面尚缺乏含量测定标准,不易控制剂型质量。这不仅将直接影响新药的疗效,还会影响对药品的质量监控。为了解决现有技术中存在的这些问题,本发明运用中医理论分析该处方组成,并参考各药味所含成分的理化性质与药理作用的研究结果,根据有效成分的理化性质,并以治疗作用作为依据,研究得到了一组合理、稳定的提取工艺和制剂工艺的技术方案。根据这一技术方案能够制备出质量可控、能充分发挥疗效,服用剂量合理的药物。服用携带更加方便,患者易于接受,运输和储存又减少了费用,具有显著的经济和社会效益。
中国专利申请CN200510122357.8公开了一种清肺化痰的中药组合物及其制备方法,包括以下各步骤:①按原料配方配比;②黄芩用水提取;③枳壳、桑白皮、熟大黄、橘红、苦杏仁、前胡用乙醇提取;④天花粉用水提取;⑤浙贝母、桔梗、百部、知母、麦冬、甘草用水提取;⑥将提取液A与上清液B合并;⑦将上述提取后得到的干燥物I、II、III合并,即得到组合物的活性成分;该制取物可加入相关辅料制备相应的剂型。
该方法中黄芩采用水提后调酸沉淀的制备方法。该方法黄芩有效成分提取不完全,提取物含杂质较多,从而影响药物的治疗效果。该方法还需要使用大量的盐酸,盐酸为易制毒化学品,使用不便,容易污染环境。静置时间长,增加工艺流程时间和成本,也增加了污染的可能。本发明为针对上述问题的创新。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种清肺化痰的中药组合物。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种清肺化痰止嗽药物提取物,由下列重量份配比的原料药制成:
黄芩15-100份,天花粉15-100份,浙贝母15-50份,枳壳15-50份,桑白皮15-50份,桔梗15-50份,熟大黄15-50份,知母15-50份,麦冬15-50份,化橘红15-50份,苦杏仁15-50份,前胡15-50份,百部15-50份,甘草3-15份;
所述清肺化痰止嗽药物提取物,优选由下列重量份配比的原料药制成:
黄芩96份,天花粉48份,浙贝母24份,枳壳(去瓤麸炒)24份,桑白皮(蜜炙)24份,桔梗24份,熟大黄12份,知母12份,麦冬12份,化橘红12份,苦杏仁(去皮炒)12份,前胡12份,百部12份,甘草3份。
所述清肺化痰止嗽药物提取物,由以下方法制备得到: a. 按原料配比称取各原料,备用;
b. 枳壳(去瓤麸炒)、化橘红、前胡加6-12倍水提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,收集挥发油A,过滤,水提液浓缩,得浓缩液B;
c. 其余药味加加6-12倍水提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,,提取液浓缩,得到浓缩液C;
d. 合并浓缩液B与浓缩液C,加入乙醇混合均匀后静置,吸取上清液,浓缩,得到浓缩液D;
e. 浓缩液D干燥,得到干燥物I;
f. 挥发油A使用β-环糊精包合,得到干燥物II;
g.干燥物I和干燥物II混合,得到干燥物III;
干燥物III即为本发明药物的活性成分;
上述步骤中
所述步骤b中浓缩液比重为X,1.10≤X≤1.30。
所述步骤c中浓缩液比重为X,1.10≤X≤1.30。
所述步骤d中上清液乙醇浓度为Y1,30%≤Y1≤70%。
所述步骤d中静置时间为Y2,4小时≤Y2≤24小时。
所述步骤d中浓缩液比重为Y3,1.10≤Y3≤1.30。
优选的
所述步骤b中浓缩液比重为X, 1.15≤X≤1.25。
所述步骤c中浓缩液比重为X, 1.15≤X≤1.25。
所述步骤d中上清液乙醇浓度为Y1, 40%≤Y1≤60%。
所述步骤d中静置时间为Y2, 10小时≤Y2≤16小时。
所述步骤d中浓缩液比重为Y3,1.15≤Y3≤1.25。
一种清肺化痰止嗽药物,含有本发明上述药物提取物。
所述药物还含有药剂学可接受的辅料,辅料的选择为现有技术。
所述药物组合物为口服剂型,选自片剂、胶囊剂、口服液、冲剂、散剂或丸剂。
一种清肺化痰止嗽药物提取物的制备方法,步骤为:
a. 按原料配比称取各原料,备用;
b. 枳壳(去瓤麸炒)、化橘红、前胡加6-12倍水提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,收集挥发油A,过滤,水提液浓缩,得浓缩液B;
c. 其余药味加加6-12倍水提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,,提取液浓缩,得到浓缩液C;
d. 合并浓缩液B与浓缩液C,加入乙醇混合均匀后静置,吸取上清液,浓缩,得到浓缩液D;
e. 浓缩液D干燥,得到干燥物I;
f. 挥发油A使用β-环糊精包合,得到干燥物II;
g.干燥物I和干燥物II混合,得到干燥物III;
干燥物III即为本发明药物的活性成分;
上述步骤中
所述步骤c中浓缩液比重为X,1.10≤X≤1.30;
所述步骤d中上清液乙醇浓度为Y1,30%≤Y1≤70%;
所述步骤d中静置时间为Y2,4小时≤Y2≤24小时;
所述步骤d中浓缩液比重为Y3,1.10≤Y3≤1.30。
优选的
所述步骤c中浓缩液比重为X, 1.15≤X≤1.25;
所述步骤d中上清液乙醇浓度为Y1, 40%≤Y1≤60%;
所述步骤d中静置时间为Y2, 10小时≤Y2≤16小时;
所述步骤d中浓缩液比重为Y3, 1.15≤Y3≤1.25。
本发明的优点是:本发明提供的技术方案能够制备出质量可控、能充分发挥疗效,服用剂量合理的药物。避免了工艺中使用易制毒化学品,简化工艺,绿色环保,具有显著的经济和社会效益。
下面结合具体实施例方式详细说明,并非对本发明的限制。凡依照本发明公开内容所做的本领域等同替换,均属于本发明的保护范围。
具体实施方式
实施例1:制备药物提取物
一、处方
黄芩960g、天花粉480g、浙贝母240g、枳壳(去瓤麸炒)240g、桔梗240g、桑白皮(蜜炙)240g、熟大黄120g、知母120g、麦冬120g、化橘红120g、苦杏仁(去皮炒)120g、前胡120g、百部120g、甘草30g
二、制法
a. 按原料配比称取各原料,备用;
b. 枳壳(去瓤麸炒)、化橘红、前胡加12倍水提取6小时,收集挥发油A,过滤,浓缩水提液,得浓缩液B;
c. 其余药味加水提取2次,每次加水8倍量提取2小时,提取液浓缩,得到浓缩液C,浓缩液密度为1.20;
d. 合并浓缩液B与浓缩液C,加入乙醇至上清液乙醇浓度为60%,混合均匀后静置16小时,吸取上清液,浓缩,得到浓缩液D,浓缩液密度为1.15;
e. 浓缩液D干燥,得到干燥物I;
f. 挥发油A使用β-环糊精包合,得到干燥物II;
g.干燥物I和干燥物II混合,得到干燥物III;
干燥物III,即为本发明药物的活性成分;得到本发明药物的活性成分105克。
实施例2:制备药物提取物
一、 处方
黄芩960g、天花粉480g、浙贝母240g、枳壳(去瓤麸炒)240g、桔梗240g、桑白皮(蜜炙)240g、熟大黄120g、知母120g、麦冬120g、化橘红120g、苦杏仁(去皮炒)120g、前胡120g、百部120g、甘草30g
二、制法
a. 按原料配比称取各原料,备用;
b. 枳壳(去瓤麸炒)、化橘红、前胡加16倍水提取6小时,收集挥发油A过滤,浓缩水提液,得浓缩液B;
c. 其余药味加水提取2次,每次加水6倍量提取1.5小时,提取液浓缩,得到浓缩液C,浓缩液密度为1.20;
d. 合并浓缩液B与浓缩液C,加入乙醇至上清液乙醇浓度为80%,混合均匀后静置20小时,吸取上清液,浓缩,得到浓缩液D,浓缩液密度为1.10;
e. 浓缩液D干燥,得到干燥物I;
f. 挥发油A使用β-环糊精包合,得到干燥物II;
g.干燥物I和干燥物II混合,得到干燥物III;
干燥物III即为本发明药物的活性成分;得到本发明药物的活性成分170克。
实施例3:制备片剂
取实施例1得到的药物提取物525g,加乳糖40g,微晶纤维素40g,交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮40g,微粉硅胶5g,混合均匀,制颗粒,压片,得片剂,每片重0.35g。
实施例4:制备颗粒剂
取实施例2得到的药物提取物240g,加甘露醇100g,木糖醇60g,乳糖30g,混合均匀,制颗粒,得颗粒剂,每袋装4g。
实施例5:本发明药物对氨水引发小鼠咳嗽的影响
一.材料和方法:
本发明药物:按实施例1制备。
阳性对照药物:按CN200510122357.8公开的方法制备。
清金止嗽化痰丸:根据WS3-B-1433-93方法制备。
浓氨水:天津市东丽区泰兰德化学试剂厂
动物:ICR小鼠,由北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供,许可证号:SCXK(京)2002-0003。
取健康ICR小鼠84只,体重18~22g,随机分为4组,即模型对照组,本发明药物组(3.6g/kg)、阳性对照药物组(3.6g/kg)、清金止嗽化痰丸组。除模型对照组给予等体积的纯净水外,其他给药组均按上述给药剂量连续灌胃给药5天,给药体积为20ml/kg。各组于末次给药后1小时,将小鼠置于倒置的500ml烧杯内,吸取0.3ml浓氨水注入50mg棉球后放入烧杯内,观察并记录各组小鼠的咳嗽潜伏期和3分钟内小鼠咳嗽次数(典型咳嗽是小鼠腹肌收缩,同时张大嘴,伴有咳声),实验数据用方差分析统计。
二.结果:见表1。
表1本发明药物连续给药五天对氨水引发小鼠咳嗽的影响()
组别 | 动物数(只) | 剂量(g生药/kg) | 潜伏期(S) | 3min内咳嗽次数 |
模型对照组 | 12 | —— | 40.5±11.2 | 30.65±4.3 |
阳性对照药物组 | 12 | 3.6 | 80.22±11.9* | 22.0±5.3* |
清金止嗽化痰丸组 | 12 | 3.6 | 77.2±7.5** | 18.0±3.4** |
本发明药物组 | 12 | 3.6 | 92.2±10.8** | 15.5±2.8**#$ |
与模型对照组比较*P<0.05,** P<0.01 与阳性对照药物组比较#P<0.05
与清金止嗽化痰丸组比较$ P<0.05
结果表明:本发明药物组、阳性对照药物组与模型对照组比较,以及本发明药物组与阳性对照药物组、清金止嗽化痰丸组比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01),提示本发明药物能明显延长氨水诱导的小鼠咳嗽潜伏期,降低咳嗽次数。在给药剂量相同的情况下,和阳性对照药物组相比,本发明药物能明显减少氨水诱导小鼠的咳嗽次数,并且与阳性对照药物组和清金止嗽化痰组相比均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),说明本发明药物有明显的镇咳作用且作用优于阳性对照药物和清金止嗽化痰丸。
实施例6:本发明药物对小鼠耳廓肿胀的影响
一.材料和方法:
本发明药物:按实施例1制备。
阳性对照药物:按CN200510122357.8公开的方法制备。
清金止嗽化痰丸:根据WS3-B-1433-93方法制备。
二甲苯:天津市东丽区泰兰德化学试剂厂
动物:ICR小鼠,由北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供,许可证号:SCXK(京)2002-0003。
取健康ICR小鼠84只,体重18~22g,随机分为4组,即模型对照组,本发明药物组(1g/kg)、阳性对照药物组(1g/kg)、清金止嗽化痰丸组。除模型对照组给予等体积的纯净水外,其他给药组均按上述给药剂量灌胃给药。给药30分钟后,测定每只小鼠右耳厚度。测定后每只小鼠右耳涂二甲苯20μL致炎,60分钟后,再次测量右耳厚度。致炎后右耳厚度减去正常值即为耳肿胀度。结果见表2。
二、结果:见表2
表2 本发明药物对二甲苯至小鼠耳廓肿胀的影响()
组别 | 动物数(只) | 剂量(g生药/kg) | 正常耳厚(um) | 耳肿胀度(um) |
模型对照组 | 12 | —— | 255±23.6 | 102±20.4 |
阳性对照药物组 | 12 | 3.6 | 254±24.5* | 72.7±20.2* |
清金止嗽化痰丸组 | 12 | 3.6 | 258±22.4** | 69.3±25.6** |
本发明药物组 | 12 | 3.6 | 253±28.6** | 52.5±33.5**#$ |
与模型对照组比较*P<0.05,** P<0.01 与阳性对照药物组比较# P<0.05
与清金止嗽化痰丸组比较$ P<0.05
结果表明:本发明药物组、阳性对照药物组与模型对照组比较,以及本发明药物组与阳性对照药物组、清金止嗽化痰丸组比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01),提示本发明药物能明显抑制二甲苯致炎1h引起的耳肿,具有明显抑制炎症的作用。在给药剂量相同的情况下,和阳性对照药物组及清金止嗽化痰丸组相比,本发明药物能明显抑制二甲苯致炎1h引起的耳肿,具有明显抑制炎症的作用,并且与阳性对照药物组和清金止嗽化痰组相比均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),说明本发明药物有明显的抑制炎症作用且作用优于阳性对照药物和清金止嗽化痰丸。
Claims (10)
1.一种清肺化痰止嗽药物提取物,其特征在于由下列重量份配比的原料药制成:
黄芩15-100份,天花粉15-100份,浙贝母15-50份,枳壳15-50份,桑白皮15-50份,桔梗15-50份,熟大黄15-50份,知母15-50份,麦冬15-50份,化橘红15-50份,苦杏仁15-50份,前胡15-50份,百部15-50份,甘草3-15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种清肺化痰止嗽药物提取物,其特征在于由下列重量份配比的原料药制成:
黄芩96份,天花粉48份,浙贝母24份,枳壳(去瓤麸炒)24份,桑白皮(蜜炙)24份,桔梗24份,熟大黄12份,知母12份,麦冬12份,化橘红12份,苦杏仁(去皮炒)12份,前胡12份,百部12份,甘草3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种清肺化痰止嗽药物提取物,其特征在于,由以下方法制备得到:
a. 按原料配比称取各原料,备用;
b. 枳壳(去瓤麸炒)、化橘红、前胡加6-12倍水提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,收集挥发油A,过滤,水提液浓缩,得浓缩液B;
c. 其余药味加加6-12倍水提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,,提取液浓缩,得到浓缩液C;
d. 合并浓缩液B与浓缩液C,加入乙醇混合均匀后静置,吸取上清液,浓缩,得到浓缩液D;
e. 浓缩液D干燥,得到干燥物I;
f. 挥发油A使用β-环糊精包合,得到干燥物II;
g.干燥物I和干燥物II混合,得到干燥物III;
干燥物III即为本发明药物的活性成分。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种清肺化痰止嗽药物提取物,其特征在于:
所述步骤b中浓缩液比重为X,1.10≤X≤1.30;
所述步骤c中浓缩液比重为X,1.10≤X≤1.30;
所述步骤d中上清液乙醇浓度为Y1,30%≤Y1≤70%;
所述步骤d中静置时间为Y2,4小时≤Y2≤24小时;
所述步骤d中浓缩液比重为Y3,1.10≤Y3≤1.30。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种清肺化痰止嗽药物提取物,其特征在于:
所述步骤b中浓缩液比重为X,1.15≤X≤1.25;
所述步骤c中浓缩液比重为X,1.15≤X≤1.25;
所述步骤d中上清液乙醇浓度为Y1,40%≤Y1≤60%;
所述步骤d中静置时间为Y2,10小时≤Y2≤16小时;
所述步骤d中浓缩液比重为Y3,1.15≤Y3≤1.25。
6.一种清肺化痰止嗽药物,其特征在于:含有权利要求1至6中任何一项所述的药物提取物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种清肺化痰止嗽药物,其特征在于:所述药物还含有药剂学可接受的辅料。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的一种清肺化痰止嗽药物,其特征在于:所述药物组合物为口服剂型,选自片剂、胶囊剂、口服液、冲剂、散剂或丸剂。
9.权利要求1或2所述的一种清肺化痰止嗽药物提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤为:
a. 按原料配比称取各原料,备用;
b. 枳壳(去瓤麸炒)、化橘红、前胡加6-12倍水提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,收集挥发油A,过滤,水提液浓缩,得浓缩液B;
c. 其余药味加加6-12倍水提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,,提取液浓缩,得到浓缩液C;
d. 合并浓缩液B与浓缩液C,加入乙醇混合均匀后静置,吸取上清液,浓缩,得到浓缩液D;
e. 浓缩液D干燥,得到干燥物I;
f. 挥发油A使用β-环糊精包合,得到干燥物II;
g.干燥物I和干燥物II混合,得到干燥物III;
干燥物III即为本发明药物的活性成分。
10.权利要求1或2所述的一种清肺化痰止嗽药物提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述步骤b中浓缩液比重为X,1.10≤X≤1.30,优选1.15≤X≤1.25;
所述步骤c中浓缩液比重为X,1.10≤X≤1.30,优选1.15≤X≤1.25;
所述步骤d中上清液乙醇浓度为Y1,30%≤Y1≤70%,优选40%≤Y1≤60%;
所述步骤d中静置时间为Y2,4小时≤Y2≤24小时,优选10小时≤Y2≤16小时;
所述步骤d中浓缩液比重为Y3,1.10≤Y3≤1.30,优选1.15≤Y3≤1.25。
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